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Chovanec M, Ďurišová J, Vajnerová O, Baňasová A, Vízek M, Žaloudíková M, Uhlík J, Krása K, Herget J, Hampl V. Simple model of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart pressure overload induced by partial intravascular occlusion of the ascending aorta. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L371-L381. [PMID: 39010823 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00243.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a group of diseases characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance with significant morbidity and mortality. The most prevalent type is pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease (PH-LHD). The available experimental models of PH-LHD use partial pulmonary clamping by technically nontrivial open-chest surgery with lengthy recovery. We present a simple model in which the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the ascending aorta is achieved not by external clamping but by partial intravascular obstruction without opening the chest. In anesthetized rats, a blind polyethylene tubing was advanced from the right carotid artery to just above the aortic valve. The procedure is quick and easy to learn. Three weeks after the procedure, left heart pressure overload was confirmed by measuring left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by puncture (1.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 mmHg in controls, mean ± SD, P < 0.0001). The presence of pulmonary hypertension was documented by measuring pulmonary artery pressure by catheterization (22.3 ± 2.3 vs. 16.9 ± 2.7 mmHg, P = 0.0282) and by detecting right ventricular hypertrophy and increased muscularization of peripheral pulmonary vessels. Contributions of a precapillary vascular segment and vasoconstriction to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance were demonstrated, respectively, by arterial occlusion technique and by normalization of resistance by a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, in isolated lungs. These changes were comparable, but not additive, to those induced by an established pulmonary hypertension model, chronic hypoxic exposure. Intravascular partial aortic obstruction offers an easy model of pulmonary hypertension induced by left heart disease that has a vasoconstrictor and precapillary component.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present a new, simple model of a clinically important type of pulmonary hypertension, that induced by left heart failure. Left ventricular pressure overload is induced in rats by inserting a blinded cannula into the ascending aorta via carotid artery access. This partial intravascular aortic obstruction, which does not require opening of the chest and prolonged recovery, causes pulmonary hypertension, which has a precapillary and vasoconstrictor as well as a vascular remodeling component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Chovanec
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cardiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ďurišová
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vajnerová
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Baňasová
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vízek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Žaloudíková
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Uhlík
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Krása
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Herget
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rosalia L, Wang SX, Ozturk C, Huang W, Bonnemain J, Beatty R, Duffy GP, Nguyen CT, Roche ET. Soft robotic platform for progressive and reversible aortic constriction in a small-animal model. Sci Robot 2024; 9:eadj9769. [PMID: 38865476 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adj9769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of cardiac remodeling processes due to left ventricular pressure overload derives largely from animal models of aortic banding. However, these studies fail to enable control over both disease progression and reversal, hindering their clinical relevance. Here, we describe a method for progressive and reversible aortic banding based on an implantable expandable actuator that can be finely tuned to modulate aortic banding and debanding in a rat model. Through catheterization, imaging, and histologic studies, we demonstrate that our platform can recapitulate the hemodynamic and structural changes associated with pressure overload in a controllable manner. We leveraged soft robotics to enable noninvasive aortic debanding, demonstrating that these changes can be partly reversed because of cessation of the biomechanical stimulus. By recapitulating longitudinal disease progression and reversibility, this animal model could elucidate fundamental mechanisms of cardiac remodeling and optimize timing of intervention for pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rosalia
- Health Sciences and Technology Program, Harvard University - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sophie X Wang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Caglar Ozturk
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Koch Institute For Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jean Bonnemain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Beatty
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Christopher T Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ellen T Roche
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Cho JS, Lee J, Park KC, Yang KJ, Cho EJ. The relationship between miRNA-26b and connective tissue growth factor in rat models of aortic banding and debanding. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:596-607. [PMID: 31875666 PMCID: PMC8137408 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a profibrotic factor implicated in pressure overload-mediated myocardial fibrosis. In this study, we determined the role of predicted CTGF-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) in rat models of aortic stenosis and reverse cardiac remodeling. METHODS Minimally invasive ascending aortic banding was performed in 24 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into three groups. The banding group consisted of eight rats that were sacrificed immediately after 6 weeks of aortic constriction. The debanding group underwent aortic constriction for 4 weeks and was sacrificed 2 weeks after band removal. The third group underwent sham surgery. We investigated the expression of CTGF, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 using ELISA and examined miRNA-26b, miRNA-133a, and miRNA-19b as predicted CTGF-targeting miRNAs based on miRNA databases in 24-hour TGFβ-stimulated and TGFβ- washed fibroblasts and myocardial tissues from all subjects. RESULTS CTGF was elevated in 24-hour TGFβ-stimulated fibroblasts and decreased in 24-hour TGFβ-washed fibroblasts. miRNA-26b was significantly increased in TGFβ-washed fibroblasts compared with control and TGFβ-stimulated fibroblasts (p < 0.05). CTGF expression was significantly higher in the banding group than that in the sham and debanding groups. The relative expression levels of miRNA-26b were higher in the debanding group than in the banding group. CONCLUSION The results of our study using models of aortic banding and debanding suggested that miRNA-26b was significantly increased after aortic debanding. The in vitro model yielded the same results: miRNA-26b was upregulated after removal of TGFβ from fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Eun Joo Cho, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea Tel: +82-2-3779-1335 Fax: +82-2-780-9114 E-mail:
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Miranda-Silva D, G Rodrigues P, Alves E, Rizo D, Fonseca ACRG, Lima T, Baganha F, Conceição G, Sousa C, Gonçalves A, Miranda I, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Magalhães J, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Mitochondrial Reversible Changes Determine Diastolic Function Adaptations During Myocardial (Reverse) Remodeling. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006170. [PMID: 33176457 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Often, pressure overload-induced myocardial remodeling does not undergo complete reverse remodeling after decreasing afterload. Recently, mitochondrial abnormalities and oxidative stress have been successively implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic pressure overload cardiac diseases. Therefore, we aim to clarify the myocardial energetic dysregulation in (reverse) remodeling, mainly focusing on the mitochondria. METHODS Thirty-five Wistar Han male rats randomly underwent sham or ascending (supravalvular) aortic banding procedure. Echocardiography revealed that banding induced concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction (early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to peak early-diastolic annular velocity ratio, E/E': sham, 13.6±2.1, banding, 18.5±4.1, P=0.014) accompanied by increased oxidative stress (dihydroethidium fluorescence: sham, 1.6×108±6.1×107, banding, 2.6×108±4.5×107, P<0.001) and augmented mitochondrial function. After 8 to 9 weeks, half of the banding animals underwent overload relief by an aortic debanding surgery (n=10). RESULTS Two weeks later, hypertrophy decreased with the decline of oxidative stress (dihydroethidium fluorescence: banding, 2.6×108±4.5×107, debanding, 1.96×108±6.8×107, P<0.001) and diastolic dysfunction improved simultaneously (E/E': banding, 18.5±4.1, debanding, 15.1±1.8, P=0.029). The reduction of energetic demands imposed by overload relief allowed the mitochondria to reduce its activity and myocardial levels of phosphocreatine, phosphocreatine/ATP, and ATP/ADP to normalize in debanding towards sham values (phosphocreatine: sham, 38.4±7.4, debanding, 35.6±8.7, P=0.71; phosphocreatine/ATP: sham, 1.22±0.23 debanding, 1.11±0.24, P=0.59; ATP/ADP: sham, 6.2±0.9, debanding, 5.6±1.6, P=0.66). Despite the decreased mitochondrial area, complex III and V expression increased in debanding compared with sham or banding. Autophagy and mitophagy-related markers increased in banding and remained higher in debanding rats. CONCLUSIONS During compensatory and maladaptive hypertrophy, mitochondria become more active. However, as the disease progresses, the myocardial energetic demands increase and the myocardium becomes energy deficient. During reverse remodeling, the concomitant attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress allowed myocardial energetics, left ventricle hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction to recover. Autophagy and mitophagy are probably involved in the myocardial adaptation to overload and to unload. We conclude that these mitochondrial reversible changes underlie diastolic function adaptations during myocardial (reverse) remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miranda-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Patrícia G Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Estela Alves
- LaMetEX, Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (E.A., D.R., J.M.).,CIAFEL, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, Portugal (E.A., D.R., J.M.)
| | - David Rizo
- LaMetEX, Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (E.A., D.R., J.M.).,CIAFEL, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, Portugal (E.A., D.R., J.M.)
| | - Ana Catarina R G Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Portugal (A.C.R.G.F.)
| | - Tânia Lima
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Fabiana Baganha
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Gloria Conceição
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Cláudia Sousa
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Isabel Miranda
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - José Magalhães
- LaMetEX, Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (E.A., D.R., J.M.).,CIAFEL, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, Portugal (E.A., D.R., J.M.)
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Porto, Portugal (D.M.S., P.G.R., T.L., F.B., G.C., C.S., A.G., I.M., F.V.-N., A.L.-M., I.F.-P.)
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Kwiecinski J, Lennen RJ, Gray GA, Borthwick G, Boswell L, Baker AH, Newby DE, Dweck MR, Jansen MA. Progression and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in a mouse model of hypertension and concomitant cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:57. [PMID: 32758255 PMCID: PMC7409657 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis is observed in multiple cardiac conditions including hypertension and aortic stenosis. Excessive fibrosis is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, but longitudinal human data regarding changes in left ventricular remodelling and fibrosis over time are sparse because of the slow progression, thereby making longitudinal studies challenging. The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize a mouse model to study the development and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in response to increased blood pressure and to understand how these processes reverse remodel following normalisation of blood pressure. METHODS We performed a longitudinal study with serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging every 2 weeks in mice (n = 31) subjected to angiotensin II-induced hypertension for 6 weeks and investigated reverse remodelling following normalisation of afterload beyond 6 weeks (n = 9). Left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, and function as well as myocardial fibrosis were measured using cine CMR and the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) s. RESULTS Increased blood pressure (65 ± 12 vs 85 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.001) resulted in higher indices of LV hypertrophy (0.09 [0.08, 0.10] vs 0.12 [0.11, 0.14] g; p < 0.001) and myocardial fibrosis (ECV: 0.24 ± 0.03 vs 0.30 ± 0.02; p < 0.001) whilst LV ejection fraction fell (LVEF, 59.3 [57.6, 59.9] vs 46.9 [38.5, 49.6] %; p < 0.001). We found a strong correlation between ECV and histological myocardial fibrosis (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Following cessation of angiotensin II and normalisation of blood pressure (69 ± 5 vs baseline 65 ± 12 mmHg; p = 0.42), LV mass (0.11 [0.10, 0.12] vs 0.09 [0.08, 0.11] g), ECV (0.30 ± 0.02 vs 0.27 ± 0.02) and LVEF (51.1 [42.9, 52.8] vs 59.3 [57.6, 59.9] %) improved but remained impaired compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all). There was a strong inverse correlation between LVEF and %ECV during both systemic hypertension (r = - 0.88, p < 0.001) and the increases in ECV observed in the first two weeks of increased blood pressure predicted the reduction in LVEF after 6 weeks (r = - 0.77, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have established and characterized angiotensin II infusion and repeated CMR imaging as a model of LV hypertrophy and reverse remodelling in response to systemic hypertension. Changes in myocardial fibrosis and alterations in cardiac function are only partially reversible following relief of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ross J Lennen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Gary Borthwick
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Lyndsey Boswell
- Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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Incomplete structural reverse remodeling from late-stage left ventricular hypertrophy impedes the recovery of diastolic but not systolic dysfunction in rats. J Hypertens 2020; 37:1200-1212. [PMID: 31026245 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pressure overload-induced left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (LVH) regresses after pressure unloading. However, distinct structural alterations become less reversible during the progression of LVH, which might influence the restoration of cardiac function. Here, we investigated how a reverse remodeling process from early versus late-stage LVH affects different aspects of left ventricular function. METHODS Pressure overload was induced in rats for 6, 12 and 18 weeks. Sham-operated animals were used as controls. Pressure unloading was evoked by removing the aortic constriction at week 6 (early-debanded) and week 12 (late-debanded). Echocardiography and histological analyses were carried out to detect structural alterations. Pressure-volume analysis was performed to assess left ventricular function. Molecular alterations were analyzed by quantitative real-time-PCR, and western blot. RESULTS Myocardial hypertrophy regressed to a similar degree in early and late-debanded groups. Accordingly, no differences were detected in the extent of regression regarding left ventricular mass, cardiomyocyte diameter, heart weight-to-tibial length ratio and beta-to-alpha myosin heavy chain expression. In contrast, resorption of interstitial and perivascular myocardial fibrosis was only detected in the early-debanded group, whereas it persisted in the late-debanded group. Removing the aortic constriction normalized ventriculo-arterial coupling and increased systolic performance in both debanded groups. However, the residual dysfunction in active relaxation and passive stiffness was more severe in the late-debanded compared to the early-debanded group. CONCLUSION Early debanding led to complete structural reverse remodeling (reduced hypertrophy and fibrosis) and full restoration of left ventricular function. In contrast, myocardial fibrosis persisted after late debanding, which impeded the normalization of diastolic but not systolic function.
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Miranda-Silva D, Gonçalves-Rodrigues P, Almeida-Coelho J, Hamdani N, Lima T, Conceição G, Sousa-Mendes C, Cláudia-Moura, González A, Díez J, Linke WA, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Characterization of biventricular alterations in myocardial (reverse) remodelling in aortic banding-induced chronic pressure overload. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2956. [PMID: 30814653 PMCID: PMC6393473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic Stenosis (AS) is the most frequent valvulopathy in the western world. Traditionally aortic valve replacement (AVR) has been recommended immediately after the onset of heart failure (HF) symptoms. However, recent evidence suggests that AVR outcome can be improved if performed earlier. After AVR, the process of left ventricle (LV) reverse remodelling (RR) is variable and frequently incomplete. In this study, we aimed at detecting mechanism underlying the process of LV RR regarding myocardial structural, functional and molecular changes before the onset of HF symptoms. Wistar-Han rats were subjected to 7-weeks of ascending aortic-banding followed by a 2-week period of debanding to resemble AS-induced LV remodelling and the early events of AVR-induced RR, respectively. This resulted in 3 groups: Sham (n = 10), Banding (Ba, n = 15) and Debanding (Deb, n = 10). Concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction (DD) were patent in the Ba group. Aortic-debanding induced RR, which promoted LV functional recovery, while cardiac structure did not normalise. Cardiac parameters of RV dysfunction, assessed by echocardiography and at the cardiomyocyte level prevailed altered after debanding. After debanding, these alterations were accompanied by persistent changes in pathways associated to myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and LV inflammation. Aortic banding induced pulmonary arterial wall thickness to increase and correlates negatively with effort intolerance and positively with E/e′ and left atrial area. We described dysregulated pathways in LV and RV remodelling and RR after AVR. Importantly we showed important RV-side effects of aortic constriction, highlighting the impact that LV-reverse remodelling has on both ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Systems Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tânia Lima
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Glória Conceição
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia-Moura
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra and CIBERCV, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and Department of Nephrology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra and CIBERCV, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and Department of Nephrology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Knyazeva A, Krutikov A, Golovkin A, Mishanin A, Pavlov G, Smolina N, Hushkina A, Sejersen T, Sjoberg G, Galagudza M, Kostareva A. Time- and Ventricular-Specific Expression Profiles of Genes Encoding Z-Disk Proteins in Pressure Overload Model of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Front Genet 2019; 9:684. [PMID: 30666270 PMCID: PMC6330284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is an essential mechanism of transforming external mechanical stimulus to biochemical response. In cardiomyocytes mechanotransduction plays an important role in contraction, stretch sensing and homeostasis regulation. One of the major mechanosensitive area in cardiomyocytes, the Z-disk, consists of numbers of structural and signaling proteins, that may undergo conformational or gene expression changes under pathological stress conditions. In present study we examined a rat model of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy validated by echocardiographic and histopathological examinations. We revealed, that during hypertrophy progression expression of several genes encoding Z-disk proteins (Actn2, Ldb3, Cmya5, Nebl) is different at early and late points of cardiac remodeling. Moreover, expression patterns of several genes are opposite in myocardium of overloaded left ventricle and hemodynamically unaffected right ventricle, and expression profiles in interventricular septum are more similar to right ventricle. Additionally, we revealed inconsistencies between mRNA and protein level changes of Actn2, one of the major structural Z-disk element. All these findings point out, that investigated Z-disk proteins participate in pathological stress adaptation through undergoing the gene expression changes, and suggest the novel important role of hypertrophic response modulation during different stages of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexey Golovkin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Georgii Pavlov
- Saint Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Smolina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Sejersen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Sjoberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Ruppert M, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Li S, Németh BT, Hegedűs P, Brlecic P, Mátyás C, Zorn M, Merkely B, Karck M, Radovits T, Szabó G. Myocardial reverse remodeling after pressure unloading is associated with maintained cardiac mechanoenergetics in a rat model of left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H592-603. [PMID: 27342874 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00085.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pressure unloading represents the only effective therapy in increased afterload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as it leads to myocardial reverse remodeling (reduction of increased left ventricular mass, attenuated myocardial fibrosis) and preserved cardiac function. However, the effect of myocardial reverse remodeling on cardiac mechanoenergetics has not been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to provide a detailed hemodynamic characterization in a rat model of LVH undergoing pressure unloading. Pressure overload was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by abdominal aortic banding for 6 (AB 6th wk) or 12 wk (AB 12th wk). Sham-operated animals served as controls. Aortic debanding procedure was performed after the 6th experimental week (debanded 12th wk) to investigate the regression of LVH. Pressure unloading resulted in significant reduction of LVH (heart weight-to-tibial length ratio: 0.38 ± 0.01 vs. 0.58 ± 0.02 g/mm, cardiomyocyte diameter: 18.3 ± 0.1 vs. 24.1 ± 0.8 μm debanded 12th wk vs. AB 12th wk, P < 0.05), attenuated the extracellular matrix remodeling (Masson's score: 1.37 ± 0.13 vs. 1.73 ± 0.10, debanded 12th wk vs. AB 12th wk, P < 0.05), provided protection against the diastolic dysfunction, and reversed the maladaptive contractility augmentation (slope of end-systolic pressure-volume relationship: 1.39 ± 0.24 vs. 2.04 ± 0.09 mmHg/μl, P < 0.05 debanded 12th wk vs. AB 6th wk, P < 0.05). In addition, myocardial reverse remodeling was also associated with preserved ventriculoarterial coupling and increased mechanical efficiency (50.6 ± 2.8 vs. 38.9 ± 2.5%, debanded 12th wk vs. AB 12th wk, P < 0.05), indicating a complete functional and mechanoenergetic recovery. According to our best knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the regression of LVH is accompanied by maintained cardiac mechanoenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Ruppert
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Péter Hegedűs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Markus Zorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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