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Malone MAV, Castillo DAA, Santos HT, Kaur A, Elrafei T, Steinberg L, Kumar A. A systematic review of the literature on localized gastrointestinal tract amyloidosis: Presentation, management and outcomes. Eur J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 39030954 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Localized gastrointestinal tract amyloidosis is uncommon and little is known regarding this entity. There is no current standard of care for the management of localized amyloidosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics, available treatments, outcomes and surveillance of these patients. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of cases reported in the literature from 1962 to 2021. Patients with gastrointestinal amyloidosis reported in English literature were included in the analysis. We described and summarized the patient's characteristics, treatments, clinical presentations, outcomes and surveillance. RESULTS The systematic review of reported clinical cases included 62 patients. In these patients, the most common site of amyloid deposition was the stomach (42%). The median age of diagnosis is 64.4 years old; there is a 2:1 prevalence among males (63%) to females (37%); abdominal pain is the most common type of presentation (41%), although patients could also be asymptomatic. There is a high curative rate (100%) with resection alone. Among patients treated with a type of systemic therapy, 80% achieved a complete response. The minority of cases reported a type of surveillance post treatment, and among those 62% pursued serial clinical evaluations alone. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first and largest systematic review of the literature in gastrointestinal tract amyloidosis. This is more common among males and seems to have an excellent curative rate (100%) with surgery alone. Systemic therapy is an option for those with non-resectable amyloidomas. Serial clinical evaluations should be part of the standard surveillance care in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heitor Tavares Santos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anahat Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tarek Elrafei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lewis Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Desai SS, Rizzo MG, Rush AJ, Rosenberg AE, Al Maaieh M. Amyloidoma: a review and case report. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:437-444. [PMID: 32705302 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidoma is a solitary mass of amyloid protein that arises in patients with or without evidence of systemic amyloidosis, and can be found in a variety of different organ systems. Herein, we describe three cases of localized biopsy-positive amyloidomas with no evidence of systemic involvement-primary amyloidoma. Our cases include a patient with a paraspinal soft tissue amyloidoma, a patient with multiple primary amyloidomas involving the thoracic cavity and flank, and a patient with insulin-injection induced amyloidoma of the left shoulder. We present these cases to provide further insights into the clinical presentation of this uncommon clinical entity. We review the pathophysiology of amyloidosis and discuss our cases in the context of previous reports of amyloidoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohil S Desai
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Michael G Rizzo
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami / Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Augustus J Rush
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami / Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew E Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Motasem Al Maaieh
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami / Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Alkukhun A, Rezek I, Ghiassi S, Zhang X, Revzin MV. Mesenteric Amyloidosis: Radiologic Imaging with Pathologic Correlation. J Clin Imaging Sci 2020; 10:24. [PMID: 32363086 PMCID: PMC7193195 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_10_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a rare disease that is characterized by abnormal deposition of amyloid proteins in tissues, resulting in local, or systemic disease. When localized, it can present as an amyloidoma. We report a case of mesenteric amyloidosis in an 80-year-old male who was found to have an incidental mesenteric mass that was biopsy-proven to represent non-light chain amyloid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedalrazaq Alkukhun
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Issa Rezek
- Departments of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Saber Ghiassi
- Departments of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Margarita V Revzin
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Nalcacioglu H, Ozkaya O, Genc G, Ayyildiz S, Kefeli M, Elli M, Aydin O, Ceyhan Bilgici M. Efficacy of anakinra in a patient with systemic amyloidosis presenting as amyloidoma. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 21:552-559. [PMID: 29239128 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by extracellular deposition of unique protein fibrils. The least common presentation of an amyloid deposition is as a discrete mass called amyloidoma or amyloid tumor. We report a case of a soft tissue amyloidoma in the abdomen of a 16-year-old girl who was diagnosed as having systemic amyloidosis. A girl aged 16 years was referred to our hospital with a pre-diagnosis of a retroperitoneal mass documented with abdominal ultrasonography and tomography. A laboratory examination revealed nephrotic syndrome. She underwent surgery for a complete resection of the lesion. A histopathologic examination with Congo red and crystal violet dyes verified the diagnosis of amyloidoma. An immunohistochemical study for amyloid A protein was positive. A renal biopsy was also compatible with AA amyloidosis. A detailed search for the etiology of systemic amyloidosis revealed heterozygous mutation in the Mediterranean fever gene. Treatment with colchicine and anakinra were started with the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever because the other causes of secondary amyloidosis were ruled out. After 3 months of anakinra treatment, the laboratory findings returned to normal and excessive proteinuria disappeared. In countries where FMF and other autoinflammatory diseases are prevelant, systemic amyloidosis should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of children who present with nephrotic syndrome and abdominal mass. Taking previously reported cases and our case together, it appears that anti-interleukin-1 treatment represents a promising new approach in a subset of patients with systemic amyloidosis secondary to autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Nalcacioglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ozkaya
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Genc
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Suat Ayyildiz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kefeli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Elli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oguz Aydin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Meltem Ceyhan Bilgici
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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A Case of Abdominal Aortic Retroperitoneal and Mesenteric Amyloid Light Chain Amyloidoma. Case Rep Rheumatol 2016; 2016:4146030. [PMID: 27752386 PMCID: PMC5056293 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4146030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a Japanese woman with amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidoma in the abdominal aortic retroperitoneum and mesentery. Irregular soft tissue mass lesions with calcification in the abdominal aortic retroperitoneum and mesentery were initially detected by computed tomography at another hospital. The lesions gradually compressed the duodenum, causing symptoms of bowel obstruction. The patient was clinically diagnosed with retroperitoneal fibrosis, and prednisolone was administered at a dose of 40 mg/day. However, the lesions did not change in size and her symptoms continued. She was transferred to our hospital and underwent mesenteric biopsy for histopathology using abdominal laparotomy. The histopathological and immunohistological findings of the mesenteric specimen demonstrated lambda light chain deposition. Accordingly, the patient was finally diagnosed with AL amyloidoma with no evidence of systemic amyloidosis. After laparotomy, her general condition worsened because of complications of pneumonia and deep vein thrombosis. She died suddenly from acute myocardial infarction. We have concluded that abdominal aortic retroperitoneal and mesenteric AL amyloidoma may have very poor prognoses in accordance with previous reports. In addition, the size and location of AL amyloidoma directly influence the prognosis. We suggest that early histopathology is important for improving prognosis.
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Xu L, Frazier A, Burke A. Isolated pulmonary amyloidomas: report of 3 cases with histologic and imaging findings. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 209:62-6. [PMID: 23218762 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid tumors presenting as lung masses are rare. We report 3 patients seen over a 2-year period with multiple lung masses, 2 that were suspicious for metastasis, and one in a patient with chest pain. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated amyloid tumor in each case. Two demonstrated a prominent macrophage giant cell reaction; scattered polyclonal plasma cells were present in two of the cases. PET scanning of 2 of the patients revealed an SUV of 1.9 and 4.0, respectively. Short-term follow-up revealed that none of the 3 cases were associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. This small series and a literature review suggest that pulmonary amyloidomas are usually isolated lesions, and that PET may show increased uptake simulating a neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Xu
- Department of Pathology and Radiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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