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Perrot-Applanat M, Pimpie C, Vacher S, Pocard M, Baud V. High Expression of AhR and Environmental Pollution as AhR-Linked Ligands Impact on Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Western Patients with Gastric Cancer-A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1905. [PMID: 39200369 PMCID: PMC11351739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of gastric cancer (GC) cases are adenocarcinomas including intestinal and diffuse GC. The incidence of diffuse GC, often associated with poor overall survival, has constantly increased in Western countries. Epidemiological studies have reported increased mortality from GC after occupational exposure to pro-carcinogens that are metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, little is known about the role of AhR and environmental AhR ligands in diffuse GC as compared to intestinal GC in Western patients. In a cohort of 29, we demonstrated a significant increase in AhR protein and mRNA expression levels in GCs independently of their subtypes and clinical parameters. AhR and RHOA mRNA expression were correlated in diffuse GC. Further, our study aimed to characterize in GC how AhR and the AhR-related genes cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) affect the mRNA expression of a panel of genes involved in cancer development and progression. In diffuse GC, CYP1A1 expression correlated with genes involved in IGF signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Vimentin), and migration (MMP2). Using the poorly differentiated KATO III epithelial cell line, two well-known AhR pollutant ligands, namely 2-3-7-8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), strongly increased the expression of CYP1A1 and Interleukin1β (IL1B), and to a lesser extend UGT1, NQO1, and AhR Repressor (AhRR). Moreover, the increased expression of CYP1B1 was seen in diffuse GC, and IHC staining indicated that CYP1B1 is mainly expressed in stromal cells. TCDD treatment increased CYP1B1 expression in KATO III cells, although at lower levels as compared to CYP1A1. In intestinal GC, CYP1B1 expression is inversely correlated with several cancer-related genes such as IDO1, a gene involved in the early steps of tryptophan metabolism that contributes to the endogenous AhR ligand kynurenine expression. Altogether, our data provide evidence for a major role of AhR in GC, as an environmental xenobiotic receptor, through different mechanisms and pathways in diffuse and intestinal GC. Our results support the continued efforts to clarify the identity of exogenous AhR ligands in diffuse GC in order to define new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Perrot-Applanat
- INSERM U1275, Peritoneal Carcimomatosis Paris-Technologies, Hôpital Lariboisiere, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Cynthia Pimpie
- INSERM U1275, Peritoneal Carcimomatosis Paris-Technologies, Hôpital Lariboisiere, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Marc Pocard
- INSERM U1275, Peritoneal Carcimomatosis Paris-Technologies, Hôpital Lariboisiere, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.P.)
- Department of Digestive and Oncology Surgery, Hôpital Lariboisiere, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baud
- NF-kappaB, Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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Yin X, Ruan X, Zhu Y, Yin Y, Huang R, Liang C. Prediction of peritoneal free cancer cells in gastric cancer patients by golden-angle radial sampling dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:617-627. [PMID: 39011681 PMCID: PMC11254683 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peritoneal free cancer cells can negatively impact disease progression and patient outcomes in gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using golden-angle radial sampling dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (GRASP DCE-MRI) to predict the presence of peritoneal free cancer cells in gastric cancer patients. METHODS All enrolled patients were consecutively divided into analysis and validation groups. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and perfusion were performed in patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery, and peritoneal lavage specimens were collected for examination. Based on the peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) results, patients were divided into negative and positive lavage fluid groups. The data collected included clinical and MR information. A nomogram prediction model was constructed to predict the positive rate of peritoneal lavage fluid, and the validity of the model was verified based on data from the verification group. RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the proportion of PLC-positive cases predicted by GRASP DCE-MR and the actual PLC test. MR tumor stage, tumor thickness, and perfusion parameter Tofts-Ketty model volume transfer constant (Ktrans) were independent predictors of positive peritoneal lavage fluid. The nomogram model featured a concordance index (C-index) of 0.785 and 0.742 for the modeling and validation groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS GRASP DCE-MR could effectively predict peritoneal free cancer cells in gastric cancer patients. The nomogram model constructed using these predictors may help clinicians to better predict the risk of peritoneal free cancer cells being present in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Xinzhong Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yongmeng Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yongfang Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Rui Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
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Díaz del Arco C, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Ortega Medina L. Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer: Techniques, applications, and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1680-1705. [PMID: 38617733 PMCID: PMC11008373 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i12.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
After the study of circulating tumor cells in blood through liquid biopsy (LB), this technique has evolved to encompass the analysis of multiple materials originating from the tumor, such as nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, tumor-educated platelets, and other metabolites. Additionally, research has extended to include the examination of samples other than blood or plasma, such as saliva, gastric juice, urine, or stool. LB techniques are diverse, intricate, and variable. They must be highly sensitive, and pre-analytical, patient, and tumor-related factors significantly influence the detection threshold, diagnostic method selection, and potential results. Consequently, the implementation of LB in clinical practice still faces several challenges. The potential applications of LB range from early cancer detection to guiding targeted therapy or immunotherapy in both early and advanced cancer cases, monitoring treatment response, early identification of relapses, or assessing patient risk. On the other hand, gastric cancer (GC) is a disease often diagnosed at advanced stages. Despite recent advances in molecular understanding, the currently available treatment options have not substantially improved the prognosis for many of these patients. The application of LB in GC could be highly valuable as a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and for enhancing the management and outcomes of these patients. In this comprehensive review, from a pathologist's perspective, we provide an overview of the main options available in LB, delve into the fundamental principles of the most studied techniques, explore the potential utility of LB application in the context of GC, and address the obstacles that need to be overcome in the future to make this innovative technique a game-changer in cancer diagnosis and treatment within clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz del Arco
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - M Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega Medina
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Wang K, Yu Y, Zhao J, Meng Q, Xu C, Ren J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang G. A Retrospective Analysis of the Lauren Classification in the Choice of XELOX or SOX as an Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:147-158. [PMID: 37767800 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232247694230921060213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to retrospectively explore the guiding value of the Lauren classification for patients who have undergone D2 gastrectomy to choose oxaliplatin plus capecitabine (XELOX) or oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX) as a further systemic treatment after the operation. METHODS We collected data of 406 patients with stage III gastric cancer(GC)after radical D2 resection and regularly received XELOX or SOX adjuvant treatment after surgery and followed them for at least five years. According to the Lauren classification, we separated patients out into intestinal type (IT) GC together with non-intestinal type(NIT) GC. According to the chemotherapy regimen, we separated patients into the SOX group together with the XELOX group. RESULTS Among non-intestinal type patients, the 3-year DFS rates in the SOX group and the XELOX group were 72.5%, respectively; 54.5% (P=0.037); The 5-year OS rates were 66.8% and 51.8% respectively (P=0.038), both of which were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The patients of non-intestinal type GC may benefit from the SOX regimen. Differences were counted without being statistically significant with intestinal-type GC in the SOX or XELOX groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Digestive, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qianhao Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Digestive, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Rohan P, dos Santos EC, Abdelhay E, Binato R. High Expression of THY1 in Intestinal Gastric Cancer as a Key Factor in Tumor Biology: A Poor Prognosis-Independent Marker Related to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Profile. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:28. [PMID: 38254918 PMCID: PMC10815053 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cancer-related death worldwide. Among its histological subtypes, intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) is the most common. A previous work showed that increased expression of the THY1 gene was associated with poor overall survival in IGC. Furthermore, it was shown that IGC tumor cells with high expression of THY1 have a greater capacity for tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro. This study aimed to identify molecular differences between IGC with high and low expression of THY1. Using a feature selection method, a group of 35 genes were found to be the most informative gene set for THY1high IGC tumors. Through a classification model, these genes differentiate THY1high from THY1low tumors with 100% of accuracy both in the test subset and the independent test set. Additionally, this group of 35 genes correctly clustered 100% of the samples. An extensive validation of this potential molecular signature in multiple cohorts successfully segregated between THY1high and THY1low IGC tumors (>95%), proving to be independent of the gene expression quantification methodology. These genes are involved in central processes to tumor biology, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and remodeling of the tumor tissue composition. Moreover, patients with THY1high IGC demonstrated poor survival and a more advanced clinicopathological staging. Our findings revealed a molecular signature for IGC with high THY1 expression. This signature showed EMT and remodeling of the tumor tissue composition potentially related to the biology of IGC. Altogether, our results indicate that THY1high IGC tumors are a particular subset of tumors with a specific molecular and prognosis profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renata Binato
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3207-1874; Fax: +55-21-2509-2121
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Santos ERCD, Silva MSDME, Canedo NHS, Gaui MDFD, Britto ÁLVLD, Silva WMVD, Carvalho MDGDC, Bravo Neto GP. Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer and association with 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221571. [PMID: 37222327 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the frequencies of Epstein-Barr virus, types 1 and 2 infection, and 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 viral polymorphism in gastric adenocarcinomas, as well as to investigate the association between Epstein-Barr virus infection and tumor location, type, and the patient's sex. METHODS Samples were collected from 38 patients treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epstein-Barr virus detection and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining by the silver nitrate method. RESULTS Overall, 68.4% of patients had Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors. Of these, 65.4% presented infection by Epstein-Barr virus type 1, 23.1% by Epstein-Barr virus type 2, and 11.5% had coinfection with types 1 and 2. The 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism was found in 42.3% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, 23.1% had the wild-type virus, and 23.1% had the wild-type and the polymorphism concomitantly. In 11.5% of Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumors, it was impossible to determine whether there was polymorphism or not. Tumor location in the antrum (22 of 38) and diffuse type (27 of 38) were predominant. There was no significant difference in Epstein-Barr virus infection or the 30 bp del-latent membrane protein 1 polymorphism between men and women. CONCLUSION Epstein-Barr virus infection was found in 68.4% of tumors investigated in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article showing the coinfection of Epstein-Barr virus types 1 and 2 in gastric carcinoma in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Henriques Silva Canedo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Medical School, Pathology Department - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Dias Gaui
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clinica Médica - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - William Marco Vicente da Silva
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Pinto Bravo Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Cirurgia - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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