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Vuletić A, Mirjačić Martinović K, Spasić J. Role of Histone Deacetylase 6 and Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38258065 PMCID: PMC10818982 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), by deacetylation of multiple substrates and association with interacting proteins, regulates many physiological processes that are involved in cancer development and invasiveness such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Due to its ability to remove misfolded proteins, induce autophagy, and regulate unfolded protein response, HDAC6 plays a protective role in responses to stress and enables tumor cell survival. The scope of this review is to discuss the roles of HDCA6 and its implications for the therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). As HDAC6 is overexpressed in CRC, correlates with poor disease prognosis, and is not essential for normal mammalian development, it represents a good therapeutic target. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 impairs growth and progression without inducing major adverse events in experimental animals. In CRC, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to reduce tumor progression and enhance the therapeutic effect of other drugs. As HDAC6 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to improve antitumor immunity by increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, augmenting immune cell activity, and alleviating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, HDAC6 inhibitors may represent promising candidates to improve the effect of and overcome resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Spasić
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Tachibana T, Oyama TG, Yoshii Y, Hihara F, Igarashi C, Shinada M, Matsumoto H, Higashi T, Kishimoto T, Taguchi M. An In Vivo Dual-Observation Method to Monitor Tumor Mass and Tumor-Surface Blood Vessels for Developing Anti-Angiogenesis Agents against Submillimeter Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17234. [PMID: 38139063 PMCID: PMC10743531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing metastasis at the early stage and detecting and treating submillimeter tumors at early metastasis are crucial for improving cancer prognosis. Angiogenesis is a critical target for developing drugs to detect and inhibit submillimeter tumor growth; however, drug development remains challenging because there are no suitable models for observing the submillimeter tumor mass and the surrounding blood vessels in vivo. We have established a xenograft subcutaneous submillimeter tumor mouse model with HT-29-RFP by transplanting a single spheroid grown on radiation-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel microwells. Here, we developed an in vivo dual-observation method to observe the submillimeter tumor mass and tumor-surface blood vessels using this model. RFP was detected to observe the tumor mass, and a fluorescent angiography agent FITC-dextran was administered to observe blood vessels via stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy. The anti-angiogenesis agent regorafenib was used to confirm the usefulness of this method. This method effectively detected the submillimeter tumor mass and tumor-surface blood vessels in vivo. Regorafenib treatment revealed tumor growth inhibition and angiogenesis downregulation with reduced vascular extremities, segments, and meshes. Further, we confirmed that tumor-surface blood vessel areas monitored using in vivo dual-observation correlated with intratumoral blood vessel areas observed via fluorescence microscopy with frozen sections. In conclusion, this method would be useful in developing anti-angiogenesis agents against submillimeter tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tachibana
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (F.H.); (C.I.); (M.S.); (H.M.); (T.H.)
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Gowa Oyama
- Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (T.G.O.); (M.T.)
| | - Yukie Yoshii
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (F.H.); (C.I.); (M.S.); (H.M.); (T.H.)
- Visible Cancer Drug Research Unit, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Fukiko Hihara
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (F.H.); (C.I.); (M.S.); (H.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Chika Igarashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (F.H.); (C.I.); (M.S.); (H.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Shinada
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (F.H.); (C.I.); (M.S.); (H.M.); (T.H.)
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (F.H.); (C.I.); (M.S.); (H.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (F.H.); (C.I.); (M.S.); (H.M.); (T.H.)
| | | | - Mitsumasa Taguchi
- Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (T.G.O.); (M.T.)
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Recent and Future Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247523. [PMID: 36556139 PMCID: PMC9783354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and 20% of patients with CRC present at diagnosis with metastases. The treatment of metastatic CRC is based on a fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy plus additional agents such as oxaliplatin and irinotecan. To date, on the basis of the molecular background, targeted therapies (e.g., monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor or inhibiting angiogenesis) are administered to improve the treatment of metastatic CRC. In addition, more recently, immunological agents emerged as effective in patients with a defective mismatch repair system. The administration of targeted therapies and immunotherapy lead to a significant increase in the survival of patients; however these drugs do not always prove effective. In most cases the lack of effectiveness is due to the development of primary resistance, either a resistance-inducing factor is already present before treatment or resistance is acquired when it occurs after treatment initiation. In this review we describe the most relevant targeted therapies and immunotherapies and expand on the reasons for resistance to the different approved or under development targeted drugs. Then we showed the possible mechanisms and drugs that may lead to overcoming the primary or acquired resistance in metastatic CRC.
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Mahgoub E, Taneera J, Sulaiman N, Saber-Ayad M. The role of autophagy in colorectal cancer: Impact on pathogenesis and implications in therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:959348. [PMID: 36160153 PMCID: PMC9490268 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.959348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as a global major cause of cancer death. Surgical resection is the main line of treatment; however, chemo-, radiotherapy and other adjuvant agents are crucial to achieve good outcomes. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a well-recognized key player in CRC progression, yet the processes linking the cancer cells to its TME are not fully delineated. Autophagy is one of such processes, with a controversial role in the pathogenesis of CRC, with its intricate links to many pathological factors and processes. Autophagy may apparently play conflicting roles in carcinogenesis, but the precise mechanisms determining the overall direction of the process seem to depend on the context. Additionally, it has been established that autophagy has a remarkable effect on the endothelial cells in the TME, the key substrate for angiogenesis that supports tumor metastasis. Favorable response to immunotherapy occurs only in a specific subpopulation of CRC patients, namely the microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). In view of such limitations of immunotherapy in CRC, modulation of autophagy represents a potential adjuvant strategy to enhance the effect of those relatively safe agents on wider CRC molecular subtypes. In this review, we discussed the molecular control of autophagy in CRC and how autophagy affects different processes and mechanisms that shape the TME. We explored how autophagy contributes to CRC initiation and progression, and how it interacts with tumor immunity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. The crosstalk between autophagy and the TME in CRC was extensively dissected. Finally, we reported the clinical efforts and challenges in combining autophagy modulators with various cancer-targeted agents to improve CRC patients’ survival and restrain cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglal Mahgoub
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalal Taneera
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Maha Saber-Ayad,
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Viralippurath Ashraf J, Sasidharan Nair V, Saleh R, Elkord E. Role of circular RNAs in colorectal tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111351. [PMID: 33550046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNA, which were previously considered as a byproduct of RNA splicing error. Numerous studies have demonstrated the altered expression of circRNAs in organ tissues during pathological conditions and their involvements in disease pathogenesis and progression, including cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), multiple circRNAs have been identified and characterized as "oncogenic", given their involvements in the downregulation of tumor suppressor genes and induction of tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, other circRNAs have been identified in CRC and characterized as "tumor suppressive" based on their ability of inhibiting the expression of oncogenic genes and suppressing tumor growth and proliferation. circRNAs could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets or vectors to be utilized in cancer therapies. This review briefly describes the dynamic changes of the tumor microenvironment inducing immunosuppression and tumorigenesis, and outlines the biogenesis and characteristics of circRNAs and recent findings indicating their roles and functions in the CRC tumor microenvironment. It also discusses strategies and technologies, which could be employed in the future to overcome current cancer therapy challenges associated with circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Saleh
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK.
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El Kaffas A, Hoogi A, Zhou J, Durot I, Wang H, Rosenberg J, Tseng A, Sagreiya H, Akhbardeh A, Rubin DL, Kamaya A, Hristov D, Willmann JK. Spatial Characterization of Tumor Perfusion Properties from 3D DCE-US Perfusion Maps are Early Predictors of Cancer Treatment Response. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6996. [PMID: 32332790 PMCID: PMC7181711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for noninvasive repeatable biomarkers to detect early cancer treatment response and spare non-responders unnecessary morbidities and costs. Here, we introduce three-dimensional (3D) dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) perfusion map characterization as inexpensive, bedside and longitudinal indicator of tumor perfusion for prediction of vascular changes and therapy response. More specifically, we developed computational tools to generate perfusion maps in 3D of tumor blood flow, and identified repeatable quantitative features to use in machine-learning models to capture subtle multi-parametric perfusion properties, including heterogeneity. Models were developed and trained in mice data and tested in a separate mouse cohort, as well as early validation clinical data consisting of patients receiving therapy for liver metastases. Models had excellent (ROC-AUC > 0.9) prediction of response in pre-clinical data, as well as proof-of-concept clinical data. Significant correlations with histological assessments of tumor vasculature were noted (Spearman R > 0.70) in pre-clinical data. Our approach can identify responders based on early perfusion changes, using perfusion properties correlated to gold-standard vascular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Body Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Assaf Hoogi
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Durot
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huaijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarrett Rosenberg
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Albert Tseng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hersh Sagreiya
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alireza Akhbardeh
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aya Kamaya
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Body Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dimitre Hristov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Body Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Jian M, Chang W, Ren L, Liu T, Chen Y, Wei Y, Lin Q, Xu J, Qin X. Predictive And Prognostic Value Of Hepatic Steatosis In Conversion Therapy For Colorectal Liver-limited Metastases: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8315-8326. [PMID: 31571989 PMCID: PMC6750205 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the role of hepatic steatosis (HS) in patients with synchronous colorectal liver-limited metastases (CLLMs) undergoing conversion therapy. Patients and methods From March 2013 to March 2017, a total of 406 patients with initially unresectable CLLMs accepted conversion therapy in multidisciplinary team (MDT). Before the implementation of conversion therapy, all patients underwent CT scan to assess the presence of hepatic steatosis and divided into the HS group (n = 124) and the non-HS group (n = 282). After using propensity score matching (PSM) to eliminate the potential confounding bias of the two groups, the conversion hepatectomy rate and long-term oncological survival in two groups were compared. Results After 1:1 PSM, no significant difference was observed at baseline between patients in the HS group (n = 119) and the non-HS group (n = 119). Patients in the HS group had higher conversion hepatectomy rate from MDT evaluation (31.1% vs 18.5%, P = 0.029) and actual hepatectomy rate (30.2% vs 18.5%, P = 0.030), when compared with patients in the non-HS group, respectively. In addition, the HS group achieved better progression-free survival (PFS, P = 0.047) and overall survival (OS, P = 0.035) than that of the non-HS group. Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that pretreatment HS was an independent predictor for conversion hepatectomy rate (OR, 2.393; 95% CI, 1.463–4.315, P = 0.001), and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that HS was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR, 0.493, 95% CI 0.281–0.866, P = 0.014) and OS (HR, 0.559, 95% CI 0.398–0.785, P = 0.001). Conclusion For CLLM patients who underwent conversion therapy, hepatic steatosis could be an effective predictor for conversion hepatectomy rate and an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Kanat O, Ertas H. Existing anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer progressing following first-line bevacizumab-based therapy. World J Clin Oncol 2019; 10:52-61. [PMID: 30815371 PMCID: PMC6390122 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v10.i2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous inhibition of angiogenesis beyond progression is an emerging treatment concept in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer patients with prior bevacizumab exposure. Treatment options include the continuation or reintroduction of bevacizumab during the second-line chemotherapy or switching to a different antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody such as aflibercept or ramucirumab. In the selection of treatment, patient-based factors such as performance status, age, tumor burden, and tolerance and sensitivity to the first-line bevacizumab-based therapy, as well as treatment-related factors such as toxicity, efficacy, and cost, should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Kanat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ertas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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10
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Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors 1400W and L-NIO inhibit angiogenesis pathway of colorectal cancer. Nitric Oxide 2018; 83:33-39. [PMID: 30590117 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been widely accepted that angiogenesis plays fundamental roles in colorectal cancer development, and therapeutic targeting of this pathway has achieved promising outcome. Recent reports have highlighted the involvement of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the development of angiogenesis in cancer; however, the mechanism and therapeutic value of NOS inhibitors in colon cancer are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of the NOS inhibitors 1400W and L-NIO on the angiogenesis pathway in colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Two colorectal cancer cell lines, HT 29 and HCT 116, were used for in vitro study. The expression of iNOS and eNOS in cells was knocked down via shRNA transfection. MTS assays and wound healing assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and migration after shRNA transfection or treatment with 1400W, L-NIO, and 5-fluorouracil. Human angiogenesis PCR arrays and proteome profiler human angiogenesis arrays were used to detect changes in key genes/proteins involved in modulating angiogenesis after 1400W and L-NIO treatment. RESULTS Knockdown of iNOS and eNOS significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth. Treatment with NOS inhibitors inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth and migration, and was associated with suppression of the expression of key genes/proteins involved in the angiogenesis pathway. In addition, the combined use of NOS inhibitors with 5-fluorouracil showed enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION NOS inhibitors could suppress colorectal cancer cell growth and migration, likely via suppressing the angiogenesis pathway.
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da Silva WC, de Araujo VE, Lima EMEA, dos Santos JBR, Silva MRRD, Almeida PHRF, de Assis Acurcio F, Godman B, Kurdi A, Cherchiglia ML, Andrade EIG. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies (Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, and Panitumumab) in Combination with Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BioDrugs 2018; 32:585-606. [PMID: 30499082 PMCID: PMC6290722 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last decade has seen the increasing use of biological medicines in combination with chemotherapy containing 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin or irinotecan for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). These combinations have resulted in increased progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with mCRC; however, there are remaining concerns over the extent of their effect on overall survival (OS). Published studies to date suggest no major differences between the three currently available monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs); however, there are differences in costs. In addition, there is rising litigation in Brazil in order to access these medicines as they are currently not reimbursed. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the comparative effectiveness and safety of three MoAbs (bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab) associated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens and compared to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy alone in patients with mCRC, through an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of concurrent or non-concurrent observational cohort studies, to guide authorities and the judiciary. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed based on cohort studies published in databases up to November 2017. Effectiveness measures included OS, PFS, post-progression survival (PPS), Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST), response rate, metastasectomy and safety. The methodological quality of the studies was also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 21 observational cohort studies were included. There were statistically significant and clinically relevant benefits in patients treated with bevacizumab versus no bevacizumab mainly around OS, PFS, PPS and the metastasectomy rate, but not for the disease control rates. However, there was an increase in treatment-related toxicities and concerns with the heterogeneity of the studies. CONCLUSION The results pointed to an advantage in favor of bevacizumab for OS, PFS, PPS, and metastasectomy. Although this advantage may be considered clinically modest, bevacizumab represents a hope for increased survival and a chance of metastasectomy for patients with mCRC. However, there are serious adverse events associated with its use, especially severe hypertension and gastrointestinal perforation, that need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wânia Cristina da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vânia Eloisa de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica Barreto Ribeiro dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michael Ruberson Ribeiro da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco de Assis Acurcio
- Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mariângela Leal Cherchiglia
- Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eli Iola Gurgel Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Li J, Xu R, Qin S, Liu T, Pan H, Xu J, Bi F, Lim R, Zhang S, Ba Y, Bai Y, Fan N, Tsuji A, Yeh KH, Ma B, Wei V, Shi D, Magherini E, Shen L. Aflibercept plus FOLFIRI in Asian patients with pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized Phase III study. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2031-2044. [PMID: 30117334 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the benefit of combining aflibercept with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) chemotherapy could be confirmed in patients from the Asia-Pacific region (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01661270). Patients & methods: Asian patients with oxaliplatin-pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer were randomized to receive aflibercept or placebo, followed by FOLFIRI. The primary end point was progression-free survival. RESULTS The intention-to-treat population comprised 332 patients. A clinical supply misallocation resulted in 198/332 (60%) patients receiving at least one cycle of misallocated treatment. Nevertheless, the addition of aflibercept to FOLFIRI was shown to improve progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.629; 95% CI: 0.488-0.812). Adverse events were in line with expectations. CONCLUSION The beneficial treatment effect associated with the addition of aflibercept to FOLFIRI was confirmed in Asian patients with pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruihua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shukui Qin
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) Cancer Center, 81 Military Hospital of China, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Oncology, 307 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Robert Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Ba
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Nanfeng Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Province Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Akihito Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brigette Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Vivian Wei
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China
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13
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Zhao J, Xu J, Zhang R. MicroRNA-539 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by directly targeting SOX4. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2693-2700. [PMID: 30013665 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated mortality in males and females globally. Aberrant expression of microRNA-539 (miR-539) has been reported in multiple types of cancer. However, miR-539 expression, function and underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated in CRC. In the present study, miR-539 expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in CRC tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR-539 on CRC cells were further examined in in vitro studies. In addition, the direct targets of miR-539 in CRC were investigated using bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR and western blotting. miR-539 was revealed to be significantly downregulated in CRC cell lines and tissues. Decreased miR-539 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis stage in patients with CRC. Functional assays revealed that the rescue of miR-539 expression attenuated CRC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Additionally, SRY-box 4 (SOX4) was validated as a direct target gene of miR-539 in CRC. Furthermore, SOX4 was revealed to be upregulated in CRC tissues at the mRNA and protein level. A significant negative correlation between miR-539 and SOX4 mRNA expression levels was observed in CRC tissues. Furthermore, upregulation of SOX4 partially restored the tumor suppressive effects of miR-539 on CRC cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, this suggests that miR-539 may serve tumor-suppressive functions in CRC during the process of malignant transformation, by directly targeting SOX4. miR-539/SOX4-based targeted therapy may represent a potential novel treatment for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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14
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Cao W, Wang C, Sun B, Chen J, Li S, Chen J, Cui M, Zhang B, Yang G, Liu Y, Yu X, Zhang G. miR-138-5p acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting hTERT in human colorectal cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11516-11525. [PMID: 31966507 PMCID: PMC6966048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the world. The incidence of this cancer is increasing in the developing countries. Mechanism of CRC tumorigenesis has been widely studied at the molecular levels, and has been recently proposed microRNAs as novel players in CRC. It has been reported that microRNA-138-5p (miR-138-5p) play key roles in different kinds of human cancers. However, the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-138-5p in CRC have not been adequately elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the roles and possible regulatory mechanisms of miR-138-5p in CRC. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-138-5p was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissue samples and cell lines. Functional analyses indicated that the overexpression of miR-138-5p significantly delayed cell proliferation, reduced colony formation and increased apoptosis in CRC cell lines. Moreover, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), an important oncogene in the management of tumors, was confirmed as a direct target of miR-138-5p in CRC cells. We also found that the hTERT expression was increased in CRC tissues and was inversely correlated with miR-138-5p. Further study showed that the restoration of hTERT expression by an overexpressing plasmid could reverse the effects of miR-138-5p on proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells. Taken together, these data defines a major suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis role for miR-138-5p, a microRNA functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC, by directly targeting hTERT, which would be provide a new strategy for future CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Yongkui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Changyou Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Bingfu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Jianli Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Junmao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Mingxin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Guanghua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
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15
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UBR5 Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Progression by Destabilizing the Tumor Suppressor ECRG4. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2781-2789. [PMID: 28856538 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E3 ligase UBR5 is aberrantly expressed in diverse types of cancer. However, its expression pattern and biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. METHODS We used RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry to measure UBR5 expression in CRC tissues and corresponding non-tumor tissues. The expression pattern of UBR5 in CRC tissues was determined by scoring system of immunohistochemical analysis and mRNA level by RT-PCR. The statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the associations of UBR5 expression with survival rate of patients. The UBR5 gene was overexpressed or silenced with lentiviral vectors in CRC cells. And, cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that UBR5 is abundantly overexpressed in CRC tissues than adjacent non-cancerous tissues. We also found that high UBR5 level is positively correlated with progression and poor survival in CRC patients. In addition, further multivariate analysis indicated that UBR5 and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with CRC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression of UBR5 was significantly elevated in CRC cell lines. Overexpression of UBR5 enhanced in vitro cell proliferation and promoted in vivo tumor growth, whereas silencing UBR5 suppressed growth of CRC cells. Moreover, our findings show that UBR5 promotes CRC cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle progression and suppressing cell apoptosis. Finally, we found that UBR5 directly binds to the tumor suppressor esophageal cancer-related gene 4 (ECRG4) and increased its ubiquitination to reduce the protein stability of ECRG4. CONCLUSIONS We identified a tumorigenic role of UBR5 in CRC and provided a novel therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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16
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Siemann DW, Chaplin DJ, Horsman MR. Realizing the Potential of Vascular Targeted Therapy: The Rationale for Combining Vascular Disrupting Agents and Anti-Angiogenic Agents to Treat Cancer. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:519-534. [DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1364745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - M. R. Horsman
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University, Denmark
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17
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Bignucolo A, De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Roncato R, Toffoli G. Pharmacogenomics of Targeted Agents for Personalization of Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1522. [PMID: 28708103 PMCID: PMC5536012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of targeted agents in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved patient outcomes. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) agents (cetuximab and panitumumab) and antiangiogenic molecules (bevacizumab, regorafeninb, ramucirumab, and aflibercept) have been successfully integrated into clinical practice. Other drugs have been designed to target additional deregulated pathways in CRC, such as MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/PI3K-AKT (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT serine/threonine kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), HER-2 and 3 ( human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and -3), and BRAF. A major issue with targeted treatment is early identification of patients with primary or secondary drug resistance. Pharmacogenomic research has demonstrated its value in this field, highlighting some tumor mutations that could discriminate responders from non-responders. The tumor genetic profile of the RAS/RAF pathway is needed before treatment with anti-EGFR agents; mutations in EGFR pathway genes have also been explored in relation to antiangiogenic molecules although further data are required prior to their integration into clinical practice. The introduction of immunotherapy has paved the way for a new generation of predictive markers, including genome-wide assessment of the tumor landscape. Furthermore, the development of next generation sequencing technology and non-invasive approaches to analyze circulating tumor DNA will make real-time monitoring of the tumor pharmacogenomic markers possible in the clinical routine, rendering precision medicine available to every patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bignucolo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, CRO-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, CRO-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, CRO-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, CRO-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, CRO-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
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18
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Molecular mechanisms for vascular complications of targeted cancer therapies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1763-79. [PMID: 27612952 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly targeted anti-cancer therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment by improving both quality of life and survival in cancer patients. However, many of these drugs are associated with cardiovascular toxicities that are sometimes dose-limiting. Moreover, the long-term cardiovascular consequences of these drugs, some of which are used chronically, are not yet known. Although the scope and mechanisms of the cardiac toxicities are better defined, the mechanisms for vascular toxicities are only beginning to be elucidated. This review summarizes what is known about the vascular adverse events associated with three classes of novel anti-cancer therapies: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, breakpoint cluster-Abelson (BCR-ABL) kinase inhibitors used to treat chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) used in myeloma therapeutics. Three of the best described vascular toxicities are reviewed including hypertension, increased risk of acute cardiovascular ischaemic events and arteriovenous thrombosis. The available data regarding the mechanism by which each therapy causes vascular complication are summarized. When data are limited, potential mechanisms are inferred from the known effects of inhibiting each target on vascular cell function and disease. Enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vascular side effects of targeted cancer therapy is necessary to effectively manage cancer patients and to design safer targeted cancer therapies for the future.
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19
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Nandikolla AG, Rajdev L. Targeting angiogenesis in gastrointestinal tumors: current challenges. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 1:67. [PMID: 28138633 PMCID: PMC5244743 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2016.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the few cancers where screening modalities are standardized, but it still remains the third leading cause of cancer related mortality. For more than a decade now, the approval of anti-angiogenic therapy has led to an increase in the rate of overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced colon cancer. The drawback of the anti-angiogenic therapy is that their effect is short-lived and many patients progress through these therapies. Various mechanisms of resistance have been hypothesized, but overcoming this has been challenging. Also, there are no standardized predictive biomarkers that could aid in selecting patients who responds to the therapy upfront. This review focuses on the basis of angiogenesis, describing the approved anti-angiogenic therapies, discusses the challenges in terms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and also the role of biomarkers. In the future, hopefully newer targeted therapies, immunotherapy, combination therapies and the standardization of biomarkers may result in improved outcomes and cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara G Nandikolla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajdev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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20
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Zhong X, Xiao Y, Chen C, Wei X, Hu C, Ling X, Liu X. MicroRNA-203-mediated posttranscriptional deregulation of CPEB4 contributes to colorectal cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:206-13. [PMID: 26361147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding 4 (CPEB4) is aberrantly expressed in several malignant cancers. However, its expression pattern, clinical significance, and biological function in colorectal cancer are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that CPEB4 is abundantly overexpressed in colorectal cancers and has the potential to be used for predicting clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer patients. We suppressed CPEB4 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in SW480 and LOVO cells to clarify the role of CPEB4 on the cell apoptosis and proliferation in vitro. Further study revealed that knockdown of CPEB4 decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL), but enhanced the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X (Bax). In addition, we indicated that CPEB4 is a novel target of miR-203, a tumor suppressive microRNA. Notably, restoration of CPEB4 in SW480 cells inhibited miR-203-induced apoptosis signaling pathway, which in turn enhanced cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Taken together, our findings imply that posttranscriptional deregulation of CPEB4 contributes to the inhibited cell proliferation and the enhanced cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer, and directly targeting CPEB4 by miR-203 might be a novel strategy in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhong
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Yipin Xiao
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China.
| | - Xiuwen Wei
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Xukun Ling
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
| | - Xinbin Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516001, China
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