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Hajjar AH, Eid R, Haddad FG, Kourie HR. FOLFIRINOX: a new standard of care in the adjuvant setting of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1947-1950. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hadi Hajjar
- Hematology & Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Hematology & Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady Gh Haddad
- Hematology & Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology & Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Meng Q, Shi S, Liang C, Liang D, Hua J, Zhang B, Xu J, Yu X. Abrogation of glutathione peroxidase-1 drives EMT and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer by activating ROS-mediated Akt/GSK3β/Snail signaling. Oncogene 2018; 37:5843-5857. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hu Q, Qin Y, Zhang B, Liang C, Ji S, Shi S, Xu W, Xiang J, Liang D, Ni Q, Yu X, Xu J. FBW7 increases the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine through upregulation of ENT1. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2069-2077. [PMID: 28765935 PMCID: PMC5652962 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBW7) has been characterized as a tumor suppressor, and its mutation or decreased expression has been observed in many types of human cancers. Our recent studies have uncovered that in pancreatic cancer, the KRAS mutation decreased FBW7 expression through phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination. Moreover, FBW7 inhibited aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer via induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a mitochondrial localized tumor suppressor. The roles of FBW7 in anti-apoptosis and drug resistance via proteosomal degradation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), which is an anti-apoptotic factor have been reported. However, the role of FBW7 in the chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine has seldom been reported. In the present study, we demonstrated that overexpression of FBW7 in pancreatic cancer cells rendered increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. Mechanistically, FBW7 promoted gemcitabine sensitivity via upregulation of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) at the protein level rather than the transcriptional level. In depth analysis demonstrated that the ENT1 protein level could be increased by lysosome inhibition. Taken together, our results demonstrated that FBW7 could be a target for improving the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine by induction of ENT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dingkong Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Ghosn M, Ibrahim T, Assi T, El Rassy E, Kourie HR, Kattan J. Dilemma of first line regimens in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10124-10130. [PMID: 28028360 PMCID: PMC5155171 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i46.10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, ranking fourth among cancer-related deaths. Despite all the major molecular advances and treatment breakthroughs, mainly targeted therapies, the cornerstone treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) remains cytotoxic chemotherapy. In 2016, more than 40 years after the introduction of gemcitabine in the management of mPC, the best choice for first-line treatment has not yet been fully elucidated. Two main strategies have been adopted to enhance treatment efficacy. The first strategy is based on combining non-cross resistant drugs, while the second option includes the development of newer generations of chemotherapy. More recently, two new regimens, FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (GNP), have both been shown to improve overall survival in comparison with gemcitabine alone, at the cost of increased toxicity. Therefore, the best choice for first line therapy is a matter of debate. For some authors, FOLFIRINOX should be the first choice in patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score (0-1) given its lower hazard ratio. However, others do not share this opinion. In this paper, we review the main comparison points between FOLFIRINOX and GNP. We analyze the two pivotal trials to determine the similarities and differences in study design. In addition, we compare the toxicity profile of the two regimens as well as the impact on quality of life. Finally, we present studies revealing real life experiences and review the advantages and disadvantages of possible second-line therapies including their cost effectiveness.
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Abstract
The prostate apoptosis response protein 4 (Par-4) is a tumor-suppressor that has been shown to induce cancer-cell selective apoptosis in a variety of cancers. The regulation of Par-4 expression and activity is a relatively understudied area, and identifying novel regulators of Par-4 may serve as novel therapeutic targets. To identify novel regulators of Par-4, a co-immunoprecipitation was performed in colon cancer cells, and co-precipitated proteins were identified by mass-spectometry. TRIM21 was identified as a novel interacting partner of Par-4, and further shown to interact with Par-4 endogenously and through its PRY-SPRY domain. Additional studies show that TRIM21 downregulates Par-4 levels in response to cisplatin, and that TRIM21 can increase the resistance of colon cancer cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, forced Par-4 expression can sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to cisplatin. Finally, we demonstrate that TRIM21 expression predicts survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Our work highlights a novel mechanism of Par-4 regulation, and identifies a novel prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Q Nguyen
- a Department of Medicine and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Rosalyn B Irby
- a Department of Medicine and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
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Nowara E, Huszno J. Masitinib plus gemcitabine for personalized treatment of PDAC patients with overexpression of ACOX1. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1257911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Nowara
- Clinical and Experimental Chemotherapy Department, Cancer Center and Institution of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Huszno
- Clinical and Experimental Chemotherapy Department, Cancer Center and Institution of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
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Grünwald B, Vandooren J, Gerg M, Ahomaa K, Hunger A, Berchtold S, Akbareian S, Schaten S, Knolle P, Edwards DR, Opdenakker G, Krüger A. Systemic Ablation of MMP-9 Triggers Invasive Growth and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer via Deregulation of IL6 Expression in the Bone Marrow. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1147-1158. [PMID: 27489361 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9/Gelatinase B) is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and plays a central role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here we complemented mechanistic insights in the cancer biology of MMP-9 and investigated the effects of specific long-term loss-of-function, by genetic ablation, of MMP-9 on PDAC initiation and progression in the well-established KPC mouse model of spontaneous PDAC. Tumor growth and progression were analyzed by histopathology and IHC. Invasive growth of PDAC cells was analyzed by both in vitro (proliferation, survival, migration, invasion assays) and in vivo (experimental metastasis assays) methods. Retroviral shRNAi was used to knockdown target genes (MMP-9, IL6R). Gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunoblot, ELISA, in situ hybridization, and zymography. PDAC tumors from MMP-9-deficient mice were dramatically larger, more invasive, and contained more stroma. Yet, ablation of MMP-9 in PDAC cells did not directly promote invasive growth. Interestingly, systemic ablation of MMP-9 led to increased IL6 levels resulting from abrogation of MMP-9-dependent SCF signaling in the bone marrow. IL6 levels in MMP-9-/- mice were sufficient to induce invasive growth and STAT3 activation in PDAC cells via IL6 receptor (IL6R). Interference with IL6R blocked the increased invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells in MMP-9-deficient hosts. In conclusion, ablation of systemic MMP-9 initiated fatal communication between maintenance of physiological functions of MMP-9 in the bone marrow and invasive growth of PDAC via the IL6/IL6R/STAT3 axis. IMPLICATIONS Thus, the beneficial effects of host MMP-9 on PDAC are an important caveat for the use of systemic MMP-9 inhibitors in cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1147-58. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grünwald
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Gerg
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany
| | - Kaarin Ahomaa
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany
| | - Annique Hunger
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany
| | - Sonja Berchtold
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany
| | - Sophia Akbareian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Schaten
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Achim Krüger
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie und Experimentelle Onkologie, München, Germany.
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Mar-Aguilar F, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Reséndez-Pérez D. Web-based tools for microRNAs involved in human cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3563-3570. [PMID: 27284356 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a family of small, endogenous and evolutionarily-conserved non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of several cellular and functional processes. miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in all types of cancer, and could be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Databases and computational algorithms are behind the majority of the research performed on miRNAs. These tools assemble and curate the relevant information on miRNAs and present it in a user-friendly manner. The current review presents 14 online databases that address every aspect of miRNA cancer research. Certain databases focus on miRNAs and a particular type of cancer, while others analyze the behavior of miRNAs in different malignancies at the same time. Additional databases allow researchers to search for mutations in miRNAs or their targets, and to review the naming history of a particular miRNA. All these databases are open-access, and are a valuable tool for those researchers working with these molecules, particularly those who lack access to an advanced computational infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Mar-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México; Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66451, México
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