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Hong IS. Enhancing Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Potential by Combining Various Bioengineering Technologies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901661. [PMID: 35865629 PMCID: PMC9294278 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutics have gained tremendous attention in recent years due to their wide range of applications in various degenerative diseases, injuries, and other health-related conditions. Therapeutically effective bone marrow stem cells, cord blood- or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and more recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely reported in many preclinical and clinical studies with some promising results. However, these stem cell-only transplantation strategies are hindered by the harsh microenvironment, limited cell viability, and poor retention of transplanted cells at the sites of injury. In fact, a number of studies have reported that less than 5% of the transplanted cells are retained at the site of injury on the first day after transplantation, suggesting extremely low (<1%) viability of transplanted cells. In this context, 3D porous or fibrous national polymers (collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan)-based scaffold with appropriate mechanical features and biocompatibility can be used to overcome various limitations of stem cell-only transplantation by supporting their adhesion, survival, proliferation, and differentiation as well as providing elegant 3-dimensional (3D) tissue microenvironment. Therefore, stem cell-based tissue engineering using natural or synthetic biomimetics provides novel clinical and therapeutic opportunities for a number of degenerative diseases or tissue injury. Here, we summarized recent studies involving various types of stem cell-based tissue-engineering strategies for different degenerative diseases. We also reviewed recent studies for preclinical and clinical use of stem cell-based scaffolds and various optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Sun Hong,
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2
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Oliveira NA, Sevim H. Dendritic cell differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells: challenges and progress. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:207-220. [PMID: 35316109 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells of the immune system responsible for initiating and coordinating immune responses. These abilities provide potential for several clinical applications, such as the development of immunogenic vaccines. However, difficulty in obtaining DCs from conventional sources, such as bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PBMC), and cord blood (CB), is a significantly hinders routine application. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a valuable alternative for generating sufficient numbers of DCs to be used in basic and pre-clinical studies. Despite the many challenges that must be overcome to achieve an efficient protocol for obtaining the major DC types from hiPSCs, recent progress has been made. Here we review the current state of developing DCs from hiPSCs, as well as the key elements required to enable the routine use of hiPSC-derived DCs in pre-clinical and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelio Aj Oliveira
- Jackson Laboratory - Farmington, 481263, Cell Engineering , Farmington, Connecticut, United States, 06032-2374;
| | - Handan Sevim
- Hacettepe Universitesi, 37515, Faculty of Science Department of Biology, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey;
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3
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Salah A, Wang H, Li Y, Ji M, Ou WB, Qi N, Wu Y. Insights Into Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Bench to Clinical Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686544. [PMID: 34262904 PMCID: PMC8273339 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and potent activators of naïve T cells. Therefore, they act as a connective ring between innate and adaptive immunity. DC subsets are heterogeneous in their ontogeny and functions. They have proven to potentially take up and process tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). In this regard, researchers have developed strategies such as genetically engineered or TAA-pulsed DC vaccines; these manipulated DCs have shown significant outcomes in clinical and preclinical models. Here, we review DC classification and address how DCs are skewed into an immunosuppressive phenotype in cancer patients. Additionally, we present the advancements in DCs as a platform for cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing the technologies used for in vivo targeting of endogenous DCs, ex vivo generated vaccines from peripheral blood monocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived DCs (iPSC-DCs) to boost antitumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Asia Stem Cell Therapies Co., Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ji
- Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nianmin Qi
- Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Asia Stem Cell Therapies Co., Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Fritsche E, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Kapr J, Galanjuk S, Hartmann J, Mertens PR, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Tigges J, Koch K. Stem Cells for Next Level Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006252. [PMID: 33354870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The call for a paradigm change in toxicology from the United States National Research Council in 2007 initiates awareness for the invention and use of human-relevant alternative methods for toxicological hazard assessment. Simple 2D in vitro systems may serve as first screening tools, however, recent developments infer the need for more complex, multicellular organotypic models, which are superior in mimicking the complexity of human organs. In this review article most critical organs for toxicity assessment, i.e., skin, brain, thyroid system, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and intestine are discussed with regards to their functions in health and disease. Embracing the manifold modes-of-action how xenobiotic compounds can interfere with physiological organ functions and cause toxicity, the need for translation of such multifaceted organ features into the dish seems obvious. Currently used in vitro methods for toxicological applications and ongoing developments not yet arrived in toxicity testing are discussed, especially highlighting the potential of models based on embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells of human origin. Finally, the application of innovative technologies like organs-on-a-chip and genome editing point toward a toxicological paradigm change moves into action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | | | - Julia Kapr
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Saskia Galanjuk
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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5
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Que W, Guo WZ, Li XK. Manipulation of Regulatory Dendritic Cells for Induction Transplantation Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582658. [PMID: 33162996 PMCID: PMC7591396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current organ transplantation therapy is life-saving but accompanied by well-recognized side effects due to post-transplantation systematic immunosuppressive treatment. Dendritic cells (DCs) are central instigators and regulators of transplantation immunity and are responsible for balancing allograft rejection and tolerance. They are derived from monocyte-macrophage DC progenitors originating in the bone marrow and are classified into different subsets based on their developmental, phenotypical, and functional criteria. Functionally, DCs instigate allograft immunity by presenting donor antigens to alloreactive T cells via direct, indirect, and semidirect recognition pathways and provide essential signaling for alloreactive T cell activation via costimulatory molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Regulatory DCs (DCregs) are characterized by a relatively low expression of major histocompatibility complex, costimulatory molecules, and altered cytokine production and exert their regulatory function through T cell anergy, T cell deletion, and regulatory T cell induction. In rodent transplantation studies, DCreg-based therapy, by in situ targeting or infusion of ex vivo generated DCregs, exhibits promising potential as a natural, well-tolerated, organ-specific therapeutic strategy for promoting lasting organ-specific transplantation tolerance. Recent early-phase studies of DCregs have begun to examine the safety and efficacy of DCreg-induced allograft tolerance in living-donor renal or liver transplantations. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics, function, and translation of DCregs in transplantation tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Thélu A, Catoire S, Kerdine-Römer S. Immune-competent in vitro co-culture models as an approach for skin sensitisation assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Guo NN, Liu LP, Zheng YW, Li YM. Inducing human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation through embryoid bodies: A practical and stable approach. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:25-34. [PMID: 32110273 PMCID: PMC7031760 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are invaluable resources for producing high-quality differentiated cells in unlimited quantities for both basic research and clinical use. They are particularly useful for studying human disease mechanisms in vitro by making it possible to circumvent the ethical issues of human embryonic stem cell research. However, significant limitations exist when using conventional flat culturing methods especially concerning cell expansion, differentiation efficiency, stability maintenance and multicellular 3D structure establishment, differentiation prediction. Embryoid bodies (EBs), the multicellular aggregates spontaneously generated from iPSCs in the suspension system, might help to address these issues. Due to the unique microenvironment and cell communication in EB structure that a 2D culture system cannot achieve, EBs have been widely applied in hiPSC-derived differentiation and show significant advantages especially in scaling up culturing, differentiation efficiency enhancement, ex vivo simulation, and organoid establishment. EBs can potentially also be used in early prediction of iPSC differentiation capability. To improve the stability and feasibility of EB-mediated differentiation and generate high quality EBs, critical factors including iPSC pluripotency maintenance, generation of uniform morphology using micro-pattern 3D culture systems, proper cellular density inoculation, and EB size control are discussed on the basis of both published data and our own laboratory experiences. Collectively, the production of a large quantity of homogeneous EBs with high quality is important for the stability and feasibility of many PSCs related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Guo
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, University of Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 234-0006, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
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8
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Kim JH, Hwang J, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee DY, Kim SH. Molecular networks of FOXP family: dual biologic functions, interplay with other molecules and clinical implications in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:180. [PMID: 31815635 PMCID: PMC6900861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though Forkhead box P (FOXP) transcription factors comprising of FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3 and FOXP4 are involved in the embryonic development, immune disorders and cancer progression, the underlying function of FOXP3 targeting CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the dual roles of FOXP proteins as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor are unclear and controversial in cancers to date. Thus, the present review highlighted research history, dual roles of FOXP proteins as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, their molecular networks with other proteins and noncoding RNAs, cellular immunotherapy targeting FOXP3, and clinical implications in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Hwang
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Xu Y, Chen C, Hellwarth PB, Bao X. Biomaterials for stem cell engineering and biomanufacturing. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:366-379. [PMID: 31872161 PMCID: PMC6909203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the expansion of tissue failures and diseases. The uprising of regenerative medicine converges the sight onto stem cell-biomaterial based therapy. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine proposes the strategy of constructing spatially, mechanically, chemically and biologically designed biomaterials for stem cells to grow and differentiate. Therefore, this paper summarized the basic properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells. The properties of frequently used biomaterials were also described in terms of natural and synthetic origins. Particularly, the combination of stem cells and biomaterials for tissue repair applications was reviewed in terms of nervous, cardiovascular, pancreatic, hematopoietic and musculoskeletal system. Finally, stem-cell-related biomanufacturing was envisioned and the novel biofabrication technologies were discussed, enlightening a promising route for the future advancement of large-scale stem cell-biomaterial based therapeutic manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chuanxin Chen
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Peter B Hellwarth
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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10
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Diversity of dendritic cells generated from umbilical cord or adult peripheral blood precursors. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:306-313. [PMID: 30588175 PMCID: PMC6305608 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.80050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of methods to generate large numbers of specific dendritic cells (DCs) ex vivo, the possibility of exploiting these cells in immunotherapeutic strategies will become a reality. It seems to be rationally to analyse the influence of the precursor source for further features and applications. For the needs of the given project DCs were derived from precursors derived from adult peripheral blood (APB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB). During some expansions of UCB CD34+ cells were separated giving non-adherent DCs (NA-DCs) or adherent DCs (A-DCs), whereas DCs derived from UCB precursors without separation gave rise to All-DCs. DC subpopulations were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and afterwards the morphology, phenotype, and stimulatory properties were analysed. Our findings demonstrated that DCs generated from APB and UCB precursors were not equivalent and exhibited opposite features when expanded in comparable conditions. Additionally, all three subpopulations of UCB-derived DCs presented functional dissimilarities. Based on our results we concluded that the precursor source and the composition of media must be considered as crucial to the success of potential therapeutic application.
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11
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Kikete S, Luo L, Jia B, Wang L, Ondieki G, Bian Y. Plant-derived polysaccharides activate dendritic cell-based anti-cancer immunity. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1097-1110. [PMID: 29556897 PMCID: PMC6081929 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, cancers pose a major public health burden. Although a myriad of cancer treatments are available, only a few have achieved clinical efficacy. This is partly attributed to cancers capability to evade host immunity by converting dendritic cells (DCs) from potent stimulators to negative modulators of immunity. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy attempts to resolve this problem by manipulating the functional characteristics of DCs. Plant-derived polysaccharides (PDPs) can stimulate the maturation of DCs conferring on them the capacity to present internalised tumorigenic antigens to naïve T cells and subsequently priming T cells to eliminate tumours. PDPs have been used as immune modulators and later as anti-cancer agents by Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners for centuries. They are abundant in nature and form a large group of heterogeneous though structurally related macromolecules that exhibit diverse immunological properties. They can induce antigen pulsed DCs to acquire functional characteristics in vitro which can subsequently be re-introduced into cancer patients. They can also be used as adjuvants in DC-based vaccines or independently for their intrinsic anti-tumour activities. Clinically, some in vitro generated DCs have been shown to be both safe and immunogenic although their clinical application is limited in part by unsatisfactory functional maturation as well as impaired migration to draining lymph nodes where T cells reside. We review the relative potencies of individual PDPs to induce both phenotypic and functional maturation in DCs, their relative abilities to activate anti-cancer immunity, the possible mechanisms by which they act and also the challenges surrounding their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siambi Kikete
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Beitian Jia
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory Ondieki
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.
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Sontag S, Förster M, Seré K, Zenke M. Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells) and Embryonic Stem Cells (ES Cells) into Dendritic Cell (DC) Subsets. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2419. [PMID: 34541147 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are engineered stem cells, which exhibit properties very similar to embryonic stem cells (ES cells; Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2016). Both iPS cells and ES cells have an extraordinary self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into all cell types of our body, including hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and dendritic cells (DC) derived thereof. This makes iPS cells particularly well suited for studying molecular mechanisms of diseases, drug discovery and regenerative therapy ( Grskovic et al., 2011 ; Bellin et al., 2012 ; Robinton and Daley, 2012). DC are the major antigen presenting cells of the immune system and thus they are key players in modulating and directing immune responses ( Merad et al., 2013 ). DC patrol peripheral and interface tissues (e.g., lung, intestine and skin) to detect invading pathogens, and upon activation they migrate to lymph nodes to activate and prime lymphocytes. DC comprise a phenotypically heterogeneous family with functionally specialized subsets (Schlitzer and Ginhoux, 2014). Generally, classical DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) are distinguished, exhibiting a classical and plasma cell-like DC morphology, respectively. cDC recognize a multitude of pathogens and secrete proinflammatory cytokines upon activation, while pDC are specialized to detect intracellular pathogens and secrete type I interferons ( Merad et al., 2013 ; Schlitzer and Ginhoux, 2014). cDC are further divided into cross-presenting cDC1 and conventional cDC2, in the human system referred to as CD141+ Clec9a+ cDC1 and CD1c+ CD14- cDC2. Human pDC are characterized as CD303+ CD304+ ( Jongbloed et al., 2010 ; Joffre et al., 2012 ; Swiecki and Colonna, 2015). To investigate subset specification and function of human DC, we established a protocol to generate cDC1, cDC2 and pDC in vitro from human iPS cells (or ES cells) ( Sontag et al., 2017 ). Therefore, we differentiated iPS cells (or ES cells), via mesoderm commitment and hemato-endothelial specification, into CD43+ CD31+ hematopoietic progenitors. Subsequently, those were seeded onto inactivated OP9 stromal cells with FLT3L, SCF, GM-CSF and IL-4 or FLT3L, SCF and GM-CSF to specify cDC1 and cDC2, or cDC1 and pDC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sontag
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Malrun Förster
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristin Seré
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Ishikawa T. Next-generation sequencing traces human induced pluripotent stem cell lines clonally generated from heterogeneous cancer tissue. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:77-88. [PMID: 28596815 PMCID: PMC5440771 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i5.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate genotype variation among induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines that were clonally generated from heterogeneous colon cancer tissues using next-generation sequencing.
METHODS Human iPSC lines were clonally established by selecting independent single colonies expanded from heterogeneous primary cells of S-shaped colon cancer tissues by retroviral gene transfer (OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4). The ten iPSC lines, their starting cancer tissues, and the matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues were analyzed using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis using the human reference genome hg19. Non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) (missense, nonsense, and read-through) were identified within the target region of 612 genes related to cancer and the human kinome. All SNVs were annotated using dbSNP135, CCDS, RefSeq, GENCODE, and 1000 Genomes. The SNVs of the iPSC lines were compared with the genotypes of the cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. The putative genotypes were validated using allelic depth and genotype quality. For final confirmation, mutated genotypes were manually curated using the Integrative Genomics Viewer.
RESULTS In eight of the ten iPSC lines, one or two non-synonymous SNVs in EIF2AK2, TTN, ULK4, TSSK1B, FLT4, STK19, STK31, TRRAP, WNK1, PLK1 or PIK3R5 were identified as novel SNVs and were not identical to the genotypes found in the cancer and non-cancerous tissues. This result suggests that the SNVs were de novo or pre-existing mutations that originated from minor populations, such as multifocal pre-cancer (stem) cells or pre-metastatic cancer cells from multiple, different clonal evolutions, present within the heterogeneous cancer tissue. The genotypes of all ten iPSC lines were different from the mutated ERBB2 and MKNK2 genotypes of the cancer tissues and were identical to those of the non-cancerous tissues and that found in the human reference genome hg19. Furthermore, two of the ten iPSC lines did not have any confirmed mutated genotypes, despite being derived from cancerous tissue. These results suggest that the traceability and preference of the starting single cells being derived from pre-cancer (stem) cells, stroma cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells that co-existed in the tissues along with the mature cancer cells.
CONCLUSION The genotypes of iPSC lines derived from heterogeneous cancer tissues can provide information on the type of starting cell that the iPSC line was generated from.
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Sontag S, Förster M, Qin J, Wanek P, Mitzka S, Schüler HM, Koschmieder S, Rose-John S, Seré K, Zenke M. Modelling IRF8 Deficient Human Hematopoiesis and Dendritic Cell Development with Engineered iPS Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:898-908. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sontag
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Malrun Förster
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Paul Wanek
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Saskia Mitzka
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Herdit M. Schüler
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation; RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Kristin Seré
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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Abstract
Immunotherapy using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is an approved approach for harnessing the potential of a patient's own immune system to eliminate tumor cells in metastatic hormone-refractory cancer. Overall, although many DC vaccines have been tested in the clinic and proven to be immunogenic, and in some cases associated with clinical outcome, there remains no consensus on how to manufacture DC vaccines. In this review we will discuss what has been learned thus far about human DC biology from clinical studies, and how current approaches to apply DC vaccines in the clinic could be improved to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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16
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Wang Y, Cao Y, Meng Y, You Z, Liu X, Liu Z. The novel role of thymopentin in induction of maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs). Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:255-60. [PMID: 24861251 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thymopentin is an immune-modulating peptide that can stimulate cellular immune responses and has been used in many immune handicapped cases [1]. However, despite documented reports proving its efficacy in immunoregulation, there have been no reports, as yet, concerning its impact on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we analyzed the effects of thymopentin on the detailed regulation of maturation of murine bone-marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). The phenotypic and structural maturation of BMDCs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM). The functional maturation was confirmed by an acid phosphatase (ACP) activity test, FITC-dextran bio-assay, test of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), labeled CD4(+)T cell proliferation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We determined that thymopentin up-regulated the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC II molecules on BMDCs, down-regulated phagocytosis of BMDCs, increased BMDCs driven CD4(+)T cell proliferation, and enhanced BMDC production of IL-12 and TNF-α. Therefore, we concluded that thymopentin highly induces BMDC maturation and intensifies DC/T-cell pathways. These data also provide direct evidence and rationale concerning the potential clinical use of thymopentin in various immune handicapped cases and suggest that thymopentin should be considered as a potent adjuvant for DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Emergency, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yiming Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhenyu You
- Department of Oncology, 202 Army Hospital, PLA, No. 5, Guangdong Street, Shenyang 110812, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Emergency, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Emergency, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China
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