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Cavallero S, Dekali S, Guitard N, Théry H, Hélissey C, François S. Effects of preconditioning with TNFα and IFNγ in angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1291016. [PMID: 38178868 PMCID: PMC10764498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1291016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic properties both in vitro and in vivo to treat various diseases, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic effects. These therapeutic effects are mediated by their secretome composed of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The composition of EVs reflects the molecular and functional characteristics of parental cells. MSC preconditioning can alter the composition of EVs, thereby influencing their therapeutic potential. Methods: MSCs were subjected to preconditioning with two cytokines, TNFα and IFNγ. Following 24 h of preconditioning, MSC-EVs secreted into the culture supernatant were isolated through tangential filtration. Particle concentration and size distribution were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the surface antigen expression of the EV-specific CD63 was quantified via Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay. The angiogenic potential of MSCEVs obtained after preconditioning MSCs was assessed by the analysis of their protein composition and their influence on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) proliferation, migration, and tube-forming ability. Results: Preconditioning with TNFα and IFNγ did not influence the MSC-EV profile but did induce changes in their protein content. Indeed, the expression of pro-angiogenic proteins increased in EVs from preconditioned MSCs compared to EVs from no-preconditioned MSCs. EVs from preconditioned MSCs tend to stimulate HUVEC migration, proliferation and tubeforming ability. These observations imply the presence of a pro-angiogenic potential in EVs obtained after preconditioning of MSCs with TNFα and IFNγ. Discussion: In conclusion, it appears that the pro-angiogenic potential of EVs is enhanced through preconditioning of MSCs with TNFα and IFNγ. The use of these MSCs-EVs in therapy would circumvent the limitations of current cell-based therapies. Indeed, the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs presents an attractive strategy for exploiting the clinical benefits of MSC therapy. For example, in the field of regenerative medicine, the exploitation of cell-free therapy using highly pro-angiogenic MSC-EVs is of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cavallero
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Department of Biological Effects of Radiation, Radiobiology Unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Samir Dekali
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Department of Biological Effects of Radiation, Emerging Technologies Risk Unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Nathalie Guitard
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Department of Biological Effects of Radiation, Radiobiology Unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Héléne Théry
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Department of Biological Effects of Radiation, Radiobiology Unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Carole Hélissey
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Department of Biological Effects of Radiation, Radiobiology Unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Clinical Unit Research, HIA Begin, Paris, France
| | - Sabine François
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Department of Biological Effects of Radiation, Radiobiology Unit, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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2
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Regulatory Considerations of Orthobiologic Procedures. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2023; 34:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Wu X, Jin S, Ding C, Wang Y, He D, Liu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy of Microbial Diseases: From Bench to Bed. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:804813. [PMID: 35046923 PMCID: PMC8761948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.804813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a global health threat, leading to tremendous casualties and economic losses. The strategy to treat microbial diseases falls into two broad categories: pathogen-directed therapy (PDT) and host-directed therapy (HDT). As the typical PDT, antibiotics or antiviral drugs directly attack bacteria or viruses through discerning specific molecules. However, drug abuse could result in antimicrobial resistance and increase infectious disease morbidity. Recently, the exosome therapy, as a HDT, has attracted extensive attentions for its potential in limiting infectious complications and targeted drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are the most broadly investigated. In this review, we mainly focus on the development and recent advances of the application of MSC-Exos on microbial diseases. The review starts with the difficulties and current strategies in antimicrobial treatments, followed by a comprehensive overview of exosomes in aspect of isolation, identification, contents, and applications. Then, the underlying mechanisms of the MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases are discussed in depth, mainly including immunomodulation, repression of excessive inflammation, and promotion of tissue regeneration. In addition, we highlight the latest progress in the clinical translation of the MSC-Exo therapy, by summarizing related clinical trials, routes of administration, and exosome modifications. This review will provide fundamental insights and future perspectives on MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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4
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Shokati A, Naser Moghadasi A, Nikbakht M, Sahraian MA, Mousavi SA, Ai J. A focus on allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells as a versatile therapeutic tool for treating multiple sclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:400. [PMID: 34256857 PMCID: PMC8278627 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) chronic illness with autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative effects characterized by neurological disorder and axonal loss signs due to myelin sheath autoimmune T cell attacks. Existing drugs, including disease-modifying drugs (DMD), help decrease the intensity and frequency of MS attacks, inflammatory conditions, and CNS protection from axonal damage. As they cannot improve axonal repair and show side effects, new therapeutic options are required. In this regard, due to their neuroprotection properties, immunomodulatory effects, and the ability to differentiate into neurons, the transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be used for MS therapy. The use of adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) or autologous bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) has demonstrated unexpected effects including the invasive and painful isolation method, inadequate amounts of bone marrow (BM) stem cells, the anti-inflammatory impact reduction of AdMSCs that are isolated from fat patients, and the cell number and differentiation potential decrease with an increase in the age of BMSCs donor. Researchers have been trying to search for alternate tissue sources for MSCs, especially fetal annexes, which could offer a novel therapeutic choice for MS therapy due to the limitation of low cell yield and invasive collection methods of autologous MSCs. The transplantation of MSCs for MS treatment is discussed in this review. Finally, it is suggested that allogeneic sources of MSCs are an appealing alternative to autologous MSCs and could hence be a potential novel solution to MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Shokati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nikbakht
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Jin L, Lu N, Zhang W, Zhou Y. Altered properties of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell during continuous in vitro cultivation. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:657-667. [PMID: 34349354 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are now recognized as an accessible, abundant, and reliable stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, ASCs should be expanded long term in order to harvest higher cell number for clinical application. In this study, ASCs isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue and senescence after long-term expansion was evaluated. The results showed that following in vitro expansion to the 15th passage, ASCs show changes in morphology (toward the "fried egg" morphology) and decrease in proliferation potential. Nonetheless, ASCs maintained differentiation potential toward osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The senescent ASCs show impaired migration capacity under the same basal conditions. OXPHOS and glycolysis decreased slightly in culture from passage 5 to passage 15. ASCs also showed increased accumulation of beta-galactosidase in culture. Expression of senescence markers p53, p16, and p21 were also increased accompanied with the increase of passages. Experiment data showed that ASCs biological characteristics depended and changed with age. We recommend the use of early-passage cells, particularly those before passage 5, for efficacious therapeutic application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Jin
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Na Lu
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Pillat MM, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, das Neves Oliveira M, Andrejew R, Turrini N, Baranova J, Lah Turnšek T, Ulrich H. Mesenchymal stem cell-glioblastoma interactions mediated via kinin receptors unveiled by cytometry. Cytometry A 2021; 99:152-163. [PMID: 33438373 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant and devastating brain tumors. The presence of highly therapy-resistant GBM cell subpopulations within the tumor mass, rapid invasion into brain tissues and reciprocal interactions with stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment contributes to an inevitable fatal prognosis for the patients. We highlight the most recent evidence of GBM cell crosstalk with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which occurs either by direct cell-cell interactions via gap junctions and microtubules or cell fusion. MSCs and GBM paracrine interactions are commonly observed and involve cytokine signaling, regulating MSC tropism toward GBM, their intra-tumoral distribution, and immune system responses. MSC-promoted effects depending on their cytokine and receptor expression patterns are considered critical for GBM progression. MSC origin, tumor heterogeneity and plasticity may also determine the outcome of such interactions. Kinins and kinin-B1 and -B2 receptors play important roles in information flow between MSCs and GBM cells. Kinin-B1 receptor activity favors tumor migration and fusion of MSCs and GBM cells. Flow and image (tissue) cytometry are powerful tools to investigate GBM cell and MSC crosstalk and are applied to analyze and characterize several other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Turrini
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Cavallero S, Riccobono D, Drouet M, François S. MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: New Emergency Treatment to Limit the Development of Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Syndrome? HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:21-36. [PMID: 32384375 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear accidents or acts of terrorism involving radioactive sources might lead to mass casualties irradiation. The hematopoietic system is one of the most critical and radiation-sensitive tissues because the limited life span of blood cells requires the continuous division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into the bone marrow. The radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome, RI-HS, is an impairment of the hematopoiesis that will result in pancytopenia of various degrees. In fact, treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is considered as a valuable adjunct to treatment controls in some irradiated patients. Nevertheless, these overexposed patients with bone marrow suppression have minimal medullary territories that do not allow complete recovery of hematopoiesis but lead to significant immunoreactivity following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The high morbidity and mortality of these overexposed patients is a reminder of the lack of effective treatment for hematopoietic syndrome. During the last 20 y, a therapeutic approach for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been proposed for the management of accidentally irradiated victims. Many preclinical animal studies have shown that MSC, mainly by their secretory activity, in particular extracellular vesicles (EVs), contribute to the control of inflammation and promote regeneration of tissues by accelerating angiogenesis and re-epithelialization processes. Therefore, we investigated the potential effect of EVs on the reduction of early bone marrow ionization toxicity, early anti-apoptotic therapy, and vascular protection in the RI-HS model. The main purpose is to propose an innovative treatment of non-patient-specific RI-HS emergency treatment in order to limit allogeneic HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cavallero
- DEBR/Rad Unit/ Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces, 1 place du général Valérie André, 91223 Brétigny sur orge, France
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8
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Ai J, Ketabchi N, Verdi J, Gheibi N, Khadem Haghighian H, Kavianpour M. Mesenchymal stromal cells induce inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma through various signaling pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:329. [PMID: 31827403 PMCID: PMC6894473 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent type of malignant liver disease worldwide. Molecular changes in HCC collectively contribute to Wnt/β-catenin, as a tumor proliferative signaling pathway, toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as well as the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), predominant signaling pathways linked to the release of tumor-promoting cytokines. It should also be noted that the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in organ size control, particularly in promoting tumorigenesis and HCC development. Nowadays, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapies have been the subject of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies for liver such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and HCC. At present, despite the importance of basic molecular pathways of malignancies, limited information has been obtained on this background. Therefore, it can be difficult to determine the true concept of interactions between MSCs and tumor cells. What is known, these cells could migrate toward tumor sites so apply effects via paracrine interaction on HCC cells. For example, one of the inhibitory effects of MSCs is the overexpression of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) as an important antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. A growing body of research challenging the therapeutic roles of MSCs through the secretion of various trophic factors in HCC. This review illustrates the complex behavior of MSCs and precisely how their inhibitory signals interface with HCC tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Ai
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ketabchi
- 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- 3Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- 4Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maria Kavianpour
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,5Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Tappenbeck N, Schröder HM, Niebergall-Roth E, Hassinger F, Dehio U, Dieter K, Kraft K, Kerstan A, Esterlechner J, Frank NY, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Murphy GF, Orgill DP, Beck J, Frank MH, Ganss C, Kluth MA. In vivo safety profile and biodistribution of GMP-manufactured human skin-derived ABCB5-positive mesenchymal stromal cells for use in clinical trials. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:546-560. [PMID: 30878384 PMCID: PMC6513723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background aims. Human dermal ABCB5-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells (ABCB5+ MSCs) represent a promising candidate for stem cell based therapy of various currently uncurable diseases in several fields of regenerative medicine. We have developed and validated a method to isolate, from human skin samples, and expand ABCB5+ MSCs that meet the guideline criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. We are able to process these cells into a Good Manufacturing Practice conforming, MSC-based advanced-therapy medicinal product. Methods. To support the development of ABCB5+ MSCs for potential therapeutic topical, intramuscular and intravenous administration, we have tested our product in a series of Good Laboratory Practice compliant nonclinical in-vivo studies addressing all relevant aspects of biosafety, including potential long-term persistence and proliferation, distribution to nontarget tissues, differentiation into undesired cell types, ectopic tissue formation, tumor formation and local tissue reaction. Results. (i) Subcutaneous application of 1 × 107 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal and intravenous application of 2 × 106 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal, respectively, to immunocompromised mice did not result in safety-relevant biodistribution, persistence or proliferation of the cells; (ii) three monthly subcutaneous injections of ABCB5+ MSCs at doses ranging from 1 × 105 to 1 × 107 cells/animal and three biweekly intravenous injections of 2 × 106 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal, respectively, to immunocompromised mice were nontoxic and revealed no tumorigenic potential; and (iii) intramuscular injection of 5 × 106 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal to immunocompromised mice was locally well tolerated. Discussion. The present preclinical in vivo data demonstrate the local and systemic safety and tolerability of a novel advanced-therapy medicinal product based on human skin-derived ABCB5+ MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ulf Dehio
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Kerstan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - George F Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joachim Beck
- Aesthetic Quartier Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christoph Ganss
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany; TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark A Kluth
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany; TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Erpicum P, Weekers L, Detry O, Bonvoisin C, Delbouille MH, Grégoire C, Baudoux E, Briquet A, Lechanteur C, Maggipinto G, Somja J, Pottel H, Baron F, Jouret F, Beguin Y. Infusion of third-party mesenchymal stromal cells after kidney transplantation: a phase I-II, open-label, clinical study. Kidney Int 2019; 95:693-707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Cabon Q, Febre M, Gomez N, Cachon T, Pillard P, Carozzo C, Saulnier N, Robert C, Livet V, Rakic R, Plantier N, Saas P, Maddens S, Viguier E. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Single or Repeated Intra-Articular Injection of Allogeneic Neonatal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Managing Pain and Lameness in Moderate to Severe Canine Osteoarthritis Without Anti-inflammatory Pharmacological Support: Pilot Clinical Study. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:10. [PMID: 30805348 PMCID: PMC6371748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the long-term safety and efficacy of canine allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) administered intra-articularly as single or repeated injections in appendicular joints of dogs affected by moderate to severe refractory osteoarthritis. Study Design: 22 pet dogs were recruited into a non-randomized, open and monocentric study initially administering one cellular injection. A second injection was offered after 6 months to owners if the first injection did not produce expected results. Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory treatment (if prescribed) was discontinued at last one week before the onset of treatment. Each injection consisted of at least 10 million viable neonatal allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from fetal adnexa. Medical data was collected from veterinary clinical evaluations of joints up to 6 months post-injection and owner's assessment of their dog's mobility and well-being followed for a further 2 years when possible. Results: Mild, immediate self-limiting inflammatory joint reactions were observed in 5/22 joints after the first injection, and in almost all dogs having a subsequent injection. No other MSC-related adverse medical events were reported, neither during the 6 months follow up visits, nor during the long-term (2-years) safety follow up. Veterinary clinical evaluation showed a significant and durable clinical improvement (up to 6 months) following MSC administration. Eight dogs (11 joints) were re-injected 6 months apart, sustaining clinical benefits up to 1 year. Owner's global satisfaction reached 75% at 2 years post-treatment Conclusion: Our data suggest that a single or repeated intra-articular administration of neonatal MSC in dogs with moderate to severe OA is a safe procedure and confer clinical benefits over a 24-month period. When humoral response against MSC is investigated by flow cytometry, a positive mild and transient signal was detected in only one dog from the studied cohort, this dog having had a positive clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Cabon
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Niels Gomez
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Thibaut Cachon
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction Cellule Environnement, ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Paul Pillard
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Claude Carozzo
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction Cellule Environnement, ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Livet
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Saas
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Eric Viguier
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interaction Cellule Environnement, ICE, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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12
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Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 6:bioengineering6010004. [PMID: 30598033 PMCID: PMC6466099 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely studied because of their excellent therapeutic potential. EVs from different types of stem cell can improve vascularization as well as aid in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The skin is a complex organ that is susceptible to various types of injury. Strategies designed to restore epithelial tissues’ integrity with stem cell EVs have shown promising results. Different populations of stem cell EVs are able to control inflammation, accelerate skin cell migration and proliferation, control wound scarring, improve angiogenesis, and even ameliorate signs of skin aging. However, large-scale production of such stem cell EVs for human therapy is still a challenge. This review focuses on recent studies that explore the potential of stem cell EVs in skin wound healing and skin rejuvenation, as well as challenges of their use in therapy.
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13
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Bauer G, Elsallab M, Abou-El-Enein M. Concise Review: A Comprehensive Analysis of Reported Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Unproven Stem Cell-Based Interventions. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:676-685. [PMID: 30063299 PMCID: PMC6127222 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The promise of stem cell (SC) therapies to restore functions of damaged tissues and organs brings enormous hope to patients, their families, loved ones, and caregivers. However, limits may exist for which indications SC therapies might be useful, efficacious, and safe. Applications of innovative therapies within regulatory boundaries and within the framework of controlled clinical trials are the norm in the scientific and medical community; such a system minimizes patient risk by setting a clear and acceptable safety and efficacy profile for new therapeutics before marketing authorization. This careful clinical validation approach often takes time, which patients suffering from terminal or debilitating diseases do not have. Not validated, unproven stem cell interventions (SCI) that promise a working treatment or cure for severe diseases have therefore found their way into the patient community, and providers of such treatments often take advantage of the public's willingness to pay large amounts of money for the misguided hope of a reliable recovery from their illnesses. We conducted a review of scientific publications, clinical case reports, and mass media publications to assess the reported cases and safety incidents associated with unproven SCI. The review also analyzes the main factors that were identified as contributing to the emergence and global rise of the “stem cell tourism” phenomenon. stemcellstranslationalmedicine2018;1–10
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bauer
- University of California Davis, Institute For Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Magdi Elsallab
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charite' - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abou-El-Enein
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charite' - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Systemically administered allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells do not aggravate the progression of precancerous lesions: a new biosafety insight. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:137. [PMID: 29751770 PMCID: PMC5948822 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of stromal cells currently tested for multiple therapeutic purposes. Their potential to home into tumors, to secrete trophic/vasculogenic factors, and to suppress immune response raises questions regarding their biosafety. Our aim was to evaluate whether systemically administered allogeneic MSCs modify the natural progression of precancerous lesions and whether their putative effect depends on cancer stage and/or cell dose. Methods Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was induced in Syrian golden hamsters by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in one buccal pouch. At hyperplasia, dysplasia, or papilloma stage, animals received intracardially the vehicle or 0.7 × 106, 7 × 106, or 21 × 106 allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs/kg. OSCC progression was assessed according to the presence of erythroplakia and leukoplakia, extent of inflammation and vascularization, and appearance, volume, and staging of tumors. Also, the homing of donor cells was studied. Results Precancerous lesions progressed from hyperplasia to dysplasia in 2 weeks, from dysplasia to papilloma in 3 weeks, and from papilloma to carcinoma in 4 weeks. This time course was unmodified by the systemic administration of MSCs at hyperplasia or dysplasia stages. When MSCs were administered at papilloma stage, lesions did not progress to carcinoma stage. Tumors developed in hamsters receiving 0.7 × 106 or 7 × 106 MSCs/kg at hyperplasia stage were significantly smaller than those found in control animals (25 ± 4 or 23 ± 4 mm3 versus 72 ± 19 mm3, p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained when 0.7 × 106, 7 × 106, or 21 × 106 MSCs/kg were administered at papilloma stage (44 ± 15, 28 ± 7, or 28 ± 5 mm3 versus 104 ± 26 mm3, p < 0.05). For dysplasia stage, only the lower concentration of MSCs reached statistical significance (21 ± 9 mm3 versus 94 ± 39 mm3, p < 0.05). Animals receiving 21 × 106 MSCs/kg at hyperplasia stage developed tumors larger than those found in animals that received the vehicle (147 ± 47 mm3 versus 72 ± 19 mm3, p < 0.05). Donor cells were rarely found in precancerous lesions. Conclusions Systemically administered allogeneic MSCs do not aggravate the progression of precancerous lesions. Moreover, they preclude cancer progression and tumor growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0878-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Clément F, Grockowiak E, Zylbersztejn F, Fossard G, Gobert S, Maguer-Satta V. Stem cell manipulation, gene therapy and the risk of cancer stem cell emergence. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:67. [PMID: 28815178 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have been extensively studied in the context of regenerative medicine. Human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based therapies have been applied to treat leukemic patients for decades. Handling of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has also raised hopes and concerns in the field of tissue engineering. Lately, discovery of cell reprogramming by Yamanaka's team has profoundly modified research strategies and approaches in this domain. As we gain further insight into cell fate mechanisms and identification of key actors and parameters, this also raises issues as to the manipulation of SCs. These include the engraftment of manipulated cells and the potential predisposition of those cells to develop cancer. As a unique and pioneer model, the use of HSCs to provide new perspectives in the field of regenerative and curative medicine will be reviewed. We will also discuss the potential use of various SCs from embryonic to adult stem cells (ASCs), including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as well as MSCs. Furthermore, to sensitize clinicians and researchers to unresolved issues in these new therapeutic approaches, we will highlight the risks associated with the manipulation of human SCs from embryonic or adult origins for each strategy presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Clément
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Elodie Grockowiak
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Florence Zylbersztejn
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Gaëlle Fossard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hematology Department, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Gobert
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Véronique Maguer-Satta
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
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16
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Mesenchymal stem cells induce epithelial mesenchymal transition in melanoma by paracrine secretion of transforming growth factor-β. Melanoma Res 2017; 27:74-84. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Schwartz YS, Belogorodtsev SN, Filimonov PN, Cherednichenko AG, Pustylnikov SV, Krasnov VA. BCG infection in mice is promoted by naïve mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and suppressed by poly(A:U)-conditioned MSC. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101:130-136. [PMID: 27865382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) transplantation is an actively studied therapeutic approach used in regenerative medicine and in the field of control of immunoinflammatory response. Conditioning of MSC in culture can form their predominantly pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We demonstrated that poly(A:U)-conditioning of bone marrow-derived mouse MSC induced predominantly pro-inflammatory phenotype. The effects of administration of naïve MSC (nMSC) or conditioned MSC (cMSC) on the course of mycobacterial infection were studied. BALB/c mice infected i.p. with 5 × 106 M. bovis BCG were successively injected i.v. with 0.75 × 106 of nMSC or cMSC in 11 and 12.5 weeks after infection and sacrificed at the week 14. Histological and bacteriological examination of BCG-infected animals revealed low bacterial loads in liver, lungs and spleen; the bacterial load in spleen was higher than in other organs. Treatment with nMSC induced 3-fold increase of the number of bacteria in spleen granulomas, while cMSC decreased significantly the number of bacteria in BCG-positive granulomas. Analysis of preparations of organ homogenates by luminescent microscopy, MGIT cultures and CFU count on Lowenstein-Jensen medium revealed that nMSC promoted mycobacterial growth whereas cMSC suppressed mycobacterial growth significantly. We concluded that MSC therapy can be effective in mycobacterial infection, but only in a case of appropriate conditioning of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov Sh Schwartz
- Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Okhotskaya 81a, Novosibirsk, 630040, Russia; Research Institute for Internal and Preventive Medicine, Borisa Bogatkova 175/1, Novosibirsk, 630089, Russia.
| | - Sergey N Belogorodtsev
- Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Okhotskaya 81a, Novosibirsk, 630040, Russia; Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Krasny Prospekt 42a, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.
| | - Pavel N Filimonov
- Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Okhotskaya 81a, Novosibirsk, 630040, Russia.
| | | | - Sergey V Pustylnikov
- Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Okhotskaya 81a, Novosibirsk, 630040, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Krasnov
- Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, Okhotskaya 81a, Novosibirsk, 630040, Russia.
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Norozi F, Ahmadzadeh A, Shahrabi S, Vosoughi T, Saki N. Mesenchymal stem cells as a double-edged sword in suppression or progression of solid tumor cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11679-11689. [PMID: 27440203 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are able to attract mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to primary tumor site. On the other hand, MSCs secrete various factors to attract tumor cells towards BM. In this review, in addition to assessment of MSCs function at tumor sites and their impact on growth and metastasis of tumor cells, the importance of MSC in attraction of malignant cells to BM and their involvement in drug resistance of tumor cells have also been studied. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (2000-2015) of English-language literature using the terms mesenchymal stem cells, cancer cell, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. MSCs migrate towards tumor microenvironment and are involved in both pro-tumorigenic and antitumorigenic functions. The dual function of MSCs at tumor sites is dependent upon a variety of factors, including the type and origin of MSCs, the cancer cell line under study, in vivo or in vitro conditions, the factors secreted by MSCs and interactions between MSCs, host immune cells and cancer cells. Therefore, MSCs can be regarded both as friends and enemies of cancer cells. Although the role of a number of pathways, including IL-6/STAT3 pathway, has been indicated in controlling the interaction between MSCs and tumor cells, other mechanisms by which MSCs can control the tumor cells are not clear yet. A better understanding of these mechanisms through further studies can determine the exact role of MSCs in cancer progression and identify them as important therapeutic agents or targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Norozi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of biochemistry and hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of medical sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tina Vosoughi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Long-term safety of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus: a 6-year follow-up study. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:333-340. [PMID: 27270729 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the long-term safety of allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC MSCs) transplantation for patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nine SLE patients, who were refractory to steroid and immunosuppressive drugs treatment and underwent MSCs transplantation in 2009, were enrolled. One million allogeneic UC MSCs per kilogram of body weight were infused intravenously at days 0 and 7. The possible adverse events, including immediately after MSCs infusions, as well as the long-term safety profiles were observed. Blood and urine routine test, liver function, electrocardiogram, chest radiography and serum levels of tumor markers, including alpha fetal protein (AFP), cancer embryo antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 155 (CA155) and CA199, were assayed before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 years after MSCs transplantation. All the patients completed two times of MSCs infusions. One patient had mild dizzy and warm sensation 5 min after MSCs infusion, and the symptoms disappeared quickly. No other adverse event, including fluster, headache, nausea or vomit, was observed. There was no change in peripheral white blood cell count, red blood cell count and platelet number in these patients after followed up for 6 years. Liver functional analysis showed that serum alanine aminotransferase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin remained in normal range after MSCs infusions. No newly onset abnormality was detected on electrocardiogram and chest radiography. Moreover, we found no rise of serum tumor markers, including AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA199, before and 6 years after MSCs infusions. Our long-term observational study demonstrated a good safety profile of allogeneic UC MSCs in SLE patients.
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Vittori M, Breznik B, Gredar T, Hrovat K, Bizjak Mali L, Lah TT. Imaging of human glioblastoma cells and their interactions with mesenchymal stem cells in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic brain. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:159-67. [PMID: 27247548 PMCID: PMC4852964 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An attractive approach in the study of human cancers is the use of transparent zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, which enable the visualization of cancer progression in a living animal. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implanted mixtures of fluorescently labeled glioblastoma (GBM) cells and bonemarrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into zebrafish embryos to study the cellular pathways of their invasion and the interactions between these cells in vivo. RESULTS By developing and applying a carbocyanine-dye-compatible clearing protocol for observation of cells in deep tissues, we showed that U87 and U373 GBM cells rapidly aggregated into tumor masses in the ventricles and midbrain hemispheres of the zebrafish embryo brain, and invaded the central nervous system, often using the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord. However, the GBM cells did not leave the central nervous system. With co-injection of differentially labeled cultured GBM cells and MSCs, the implanted cells formed mixed tumor masses in the brain. We observed tight associations between GBM cells and MSCs, and possible cell-fusion events. GBM cells and MSCs used similar invasion routes in the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS This simple model can be used to study the molecular pathways of cellular processes in GBM cell invasion, and their interactions with various types of stromal cells in double or triple cell co-cultures, to design anti-GBM cell therapies that use MSCs as vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tajda Gredar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Lilijana Bizjak Mali
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Schimke MM, Marozin S, Lepperdinger G. Patient-Specific Age: The Other Side of the Coin in Advanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Front Physiol 2015; 6:362. [PMID: 26696897 PMCID: PMC4667069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are present as a rare subpopulation within any type of stroma in the body of higher animals. Prominently, MSC have been recognized to reside in perivascular locations, supposedly maintaining blood vessel integrity. During tissue damage and injury, MSC/pericytes become activated, evade from their perivascular niche and are thus assumed to support wound healing and tissue regeneration. In vitro MSC exhibit demonstrated capabilities to differentiate into a wide variety of tissue cell types. Hence, many MSC-based therapeutic approaches have been performed to address bone, cartilage, or heart regeneration. Furthermore, prominent studies showed efficacy of ex vivo expanded MSC to countervail graft-vs.-host-disease. Therefore, additional fields of application are presently conceived, in which MSC-based therapies potentially unfold beneficial effects, such as amelioration of non-healing conditions after tendon or spinal cord injury, as well as neuropathies. Working along these lines, MSC-based scientific research has been forged ahead to prominently occupy the clinical stage. Aging is to a great deal stochastic by nature bringing forth changes in an individual fashion. Yet, is aging of stem cells or/and their corresponding niche considered a determining factor for outcome and success of clinical therapies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Schimke
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabrina Marozin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
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Verbovšek U, Van Noorden CJ, Lah TT. Complexity of cancer protease biology: Cathepsin K expression and function in cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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