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Pierce ES, Jindal C, Choi YM, Efird JT. The evidence for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) as a cause of nonsolar uveal melanoma: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:398-412. [PMID: 36915598 PMCID: PMC10007888 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Animal microorganisms have been proposed as a cause of human cancers associated with farming, agricultural occupation or residence, and related downstream exposures. Several studies have described uveal melanoma (UvM) as a farming-associated cancer. A possible suspect is the animal microorganism Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of paratuberculosis in dairy cows. This microbe is transmitted to humans through various means, including contact with animal faeces, contaminated dust and soil, organic fertilizers, and as workers in slaughterhouses/animal processing facilities. The objective of the current manuscript was to examine the putative association between Mycobacterium avium sub-species paratuberculosis and non-solar UvM. Methods Online data sources (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google) published in English between 1980 to present were searched for key words pertaining to MAP exposure, farming-related occupations and activities, and locations with or in the vicinity of dairy cattle. Key Content and Findings While higher than expected rates of eye cancer have been suggested among dairy farmers, with MAP being ubiquitous in their environment, the involvement of MAP in the aetiology of non-solar UvMs (which account for ~97% of UvM cases) remains uncertain. Conclusions Alternative explanations exist and future cause-and-effect research is needed to answer this hypothesis. A precautionary approach to exposure continues to be a prudent strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Pierce ES, Barkhaus P, Beauchamp M, Bromberg M, Carter GT, Goslinga J, Greeley D, Kihuwa-Mani S, Levitsky G, Lund I, McDermott C, Pattee G, Pierce K, Polak M, Ratner D, Wicks P, Bedlack R. ALSUntangled #66: antimycobacterial antibiotics. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35913017 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Several infections have been associated with motor neuron diseases resembling ALS, including species of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), most known for its probable etiologic association with Crohn's disease, has been suggested as another possible infectious cause of motor neuron disease. Two published case reports describe the successful treatment of ALS-like symptoms with antimycobacterial antibiotics. Both cases had atypical features. Based on these, we believe it would be reasonable to begin performing chest imaging in PALS who have features of their history or exam that are atypical for ALS such as pain, fevers, or eye movement abnormalities. If the chest imaging is abnormal, more specific testing for mycobacteria may be indicated. Until there is more clear evidence of an association between mycobacteria and ALS, we cannot endorse the widespread use of potentially toxic antimycobacterial antibiotics for PALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Barkhaus
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Morgan Beauchamp
- UNC Neurosciences Clinical Trials Unit, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Bromberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory T Carter
- Department of Rehabilitation, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jill Goslinga
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Greeley
- Northwest Neurological Associates, PLLC, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Isaac Lund
- Undergraduate, Green Hope High School, Cary, NC, USA
| | | | - Gary Pattee
- Department of Neurology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meraida Polak
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory, GA, USA
| | - Dylan Ratner
- Undergraduate, Longmeadow High School, Longmeadow, MA, USA
| | - Paul Wicks
- Independent Consultant, Lichfield, England, UK
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Borody TJ, Dolai S, Gunaratne AW, Clancy RL. Targeting the microbiome in Crohn's disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:873-877. [PMID: 35731859 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2093186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Borody
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
| | - Sibasish Dolai
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
| | - Anoja W Gunaratne
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
| | - Robert L Clancy
- Research Department, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, Australia
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