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Basthi Mohan P, Lochan R, Shetty S. Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:261-268. [PMID: 38817995 PMCID: PMC11133295 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and a major contributor to the socioeconomic burden worldwide. The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is contributed by various etiological factors like virus infection, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to toxins, or metabolic disorders. Majority of patients are diagnosed with late-stage HCC, which restricts its management to only palliative care. HCC, if diagnosed early, increases the survival and quality of life. Currently available biomarker (alpha-fetoproteins) have several limitations, that impede the early diagnosis and staging of cancer. This warrants the continous search in pursuit of a novel biomarker. Several research works in diverse areas have contributed to the identification of various novel biomarkers that have shown multifaceted application in early disease diagnosis, which further aid in targeted and effective therapy that can prevent cancer progression. This improves the overall health status of the patient along with significant reduction in caretaker's burden. With the aid of novel technologies, several biomarkers have been investigated and validated in mutliple preliminary research works. Therefore in this review, we have outlined various novel biomarkers that showed promising outcomes in their trials and we have highlighted the developing areas that act as game changers in cancer diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Basthi Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Rajiv Lochan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Lead Consultant Surgeon - HPB and Liver transplantation Surgery, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, 560017 Karnataka India
| | - Shiran Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
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2
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Xiang X, Bhowmick K, Shetty K, Ohshiro K, Yang X, Wong LL, Yu H, Latham PS, Satapathy SK, Brennan C, Dima RJ, Chambwe N, Sharifova G, Cacaj F, John S, Crawford JM, Huang H, Dasarathy S, Krainer AR, He AR, Amdur RL, Mishra L. Mechanistically based blood proteomic markers in the TGF-β pathway stratify risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with cirrhosis. Genes Cancer 2024; 15:1-14. [PMID: 38323119 PMCID: PMC10843195 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death from cancer worldwide but is often diagnosed at an advanced incurable stage. Yet, despite the urgent need for blood-based biomarkers for early detection, few studies capture ongoing biology to identify risk-stratifying biomarkers. We address this gap using the TGF-β pathway because of its biological role in liver disease and cancer, established through rigorous animal models and human studies. Using machine learning methods with blood levels of 108 proteomic markers in the TGF-β family, we found a pattern that differentiates HCC from non-HCC in a cohort of 216 patients with cirrhosis, which we refer to as TGF-β based Protein Markers for Early Detection of HCC (TPEARLE) comprising 31 markers. Notably, 20 of the patients with cirrhosis alone presented an HCC-like pattern, suggesting that they may be a group with as yet undetected HCC or at high risk for developing HCC. In addition, we found two other biologically relevant markers, Myostatin and Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2), which were significantly associated with HCC. We tested these for risk stratification of HCC in multivariable models adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, as well as batch and site. These markers reflect ongoing biology in the liver. They potentially indicate the presence of HCC early in its evolution and before it is manifest as a detectable lesion, thereby providing a set of markers that may be able to stratify risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Xiang
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Krishanu Bhowmick
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kirti Shetty
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kazufumi Ohshiro
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Linda L. Wong
- Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Patricia S. Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Department of Medicine, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, North Shore University Hospital/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Christina Brennan
- Office of Clinical Research, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Richard J. Dima
- Office of Clinical Research, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Nyasha Chambwe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Gulru Sharifova
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Fellanza Cacaj
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Sahara John
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | - Hai Huang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Aiwu R. He
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Richard L. Amdur
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Quantitative Intelligence, The Institutes for Health Systems Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Lopa Mishra
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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3
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Huang C, Xiao X, Zhou L, Chen F, Wang J, Hu X, Gao C. Chinese expert consensus statement on the clinical application of AFP/AFP-L3%/DCP using GALAD and GALAD-like algorithm in HCC. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24990. [PMID: 38063322 PMCID: PMC10756949 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent world-wide malignancies. Half of the newly developed HCC occurs in China. Optimizing the strategies for high-risk surveillance and early diagnosis are pivotal for improving 5-year survival. Constructing the scientific non-invasive detection technologies feasible for medical and healthcare institutions is among the key routes for elevating the efficacies of HCC identification and follow-up. RESULTS Based on the Chinese and international guidelines, expert consensus statements, literatures and evidence-based clinical practice experiences, this consensus statement puts forward the clinical implications, application subjects, detection techniques and results interpretations of the triple-biomarker (AFP, AFP-L3%, DCP) based GALAD, GALAD like models for liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS The compile of this consensus statement aims to address and push the reasonable application of the triple-biomarker (AFP, AFP-L3%, DCP) detections thus to maximize the clinical benefits and help improving the high risk surveillance, early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Changzheng HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Laboratory CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalShanghaiChina
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4
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Piratvisuth T, Hou J, Tanwandee T, Berg T, Vogel A, Trojan J, De Toni EN, Kudo M, Eiblmaier A, Klein HG, Hegel JK, Madin K, Kroeniger K, Sharma A, Chan HLY. Development and clinical validation of a novel algorithmic score (GAAD) for detecting HCC in prospective cohort studies. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0317. [PMID: 37938100 PMCID: PMC10635602 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), also known as protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II [DCP]) are biomarkers for HCC with limited diagnostic value when used in isolation. The novel GAAD algorithm is an in vitro diagnostic combining PIVKA-II (DCP) and AFP measurements, age, and gender (biological sex) to generate a semi-quantitative result. We conducted prospective studies to develop, implement, and clinically validate the GAAD algorithm for differentiating HCC (early and all-stage) and benign chronic liver disease (CLD), across disease stages and etiologies. METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years with HCC or CLD were prospectively enrolled internationally into algorithm development [n = 1084; 309 HCC cases (40.7% early-stage) and 736 controls] and clinical validation studies [n = 877; 366 HCC cases (47.6% early-stage) and 303 controls]. Serum samples were analyzed on a cobas® e 601 analyzer. Performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to calculate AUC. RESULTS For algorithm development, AUC for differentiation between early-stage HCC and CLD was 90.7%, 84.4%, and 77.2% for GAAD, AFP, and PIVKA-II, respectively. The sensitivity of GAAD for the detection of early-stage HCC was 71.8% with 90.0% specificity. Similar results were shown in the clinical validation study; AUC for differentiation between early-stage HCC and CLD was 91.4% with 70.1% sensitivity and 93.7% specificity. GAAD also showed strong specificity, with a lower rate of false positives regardless of disease stage, etiology, or region. CONCLUSIONS The GAAD algorithm significantly improves early-stage HCC detection for patients with CLD undergoing HCC surveillance. Further phase III and IV studies are warranted to assess the utility of incorporating the algorithm into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerha Piratvisuth
- NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Jinlin Hou
- Institute of Hepatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tawesak Tanwandee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thomas Berg
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Hanover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anja Eiblmaier
- Laboratory Services, Microcoat Biotechnologie GmbH, Bernried, Germany
| | - Hanns-Georg Klein
- Center of Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Kolja Hegel
- Studies, Collaborations, and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ashish Sharma
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Henry L Y Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Ugonabo O, Udoh UAS, Rajan PK, Reeves H, Arcand C, Nakafuku Y, Joshi T, Finley R, Pierre SV, Sanabria JR. The Current Status of the Liver Liquid Biopsy in MASH Related HCC: Overview and Future Directions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1369. [PMID: 37759769 PMCID: PMC10526956 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is one of the major risk factors for chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of MASH in Western countries continues to rise, driving HCC as the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC has become a major global health challenge, partly from the obesity epidemic promoting metabolic cellular disturbances but also from the paucity of biomarkers for its early detection. Over 50% of HCC cases are clinically present at a late stage, where curative measures are no longer beneficial. Currently, there is a paucity of both specific and sensitive biological markers for the early-stage detection of HCC. The search for biological markers in the diagnosis of early HCC in high-risk populations is intense. We described the potential role of surrogates for a liver biopsy in the screening and monitoring of patients at risk for nesting HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye Ugonabo
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (O.U.); (T.J.)
| | - Utibe-Abasi Sunday Udoh
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (U.-A.S.U.); (P.K.R.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.R.); (C.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar Rajan
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (U.-A.S.U.); (P.K.R.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.R.); (C.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Heather Reeves
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.R.); (C.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Christina Arcand
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.R.); (C.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Yuto Nakafuku
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (U.-A.S.U.); (P.K.R.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.R.); (C.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Tejas Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (O.U.); (T.J.)
| | - Rob Finley
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.R.); (C.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Sandrine V. Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (U.-A.S.U.); (P.K.R.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Juan Ramon Sanabria
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25703, USA; (U.-A.S.U.); (P.K.R.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.R.); (C.A.); (R.F.)
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolomic Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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6
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G. Synergistic Nanomedicine: Photodynamic, Photothermal and Photoimmune Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Fulfilling the Myth of Prometheus? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098308. [PMID: 37176014 PMCID: PMC10179579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, with high morbidity and mortality, which seriously threatens the health and life expectancy of patients. The traditional methods of treatment by surgical ablation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and more recently immunotherapy have not given the expected results in HCC. New integrative combined therapies, such as photothermal, photodynamic, photoimmune therapy (PTT, PDT, PIT), and smart multifunctional platforms loaded with nanodrugs were studied in this review as viable solutions in the synergistic nanomedicine of the future. The main aim was to reveal the latest findings and open additional avenues for accelerating the adoption of innovative approaches for the multi-target management of HCC. High-tech experimental medical applications in the molecular and cellular research of photosensitizers, novel light and laser energy delivery systems and the features of photomedicine integration via PDT, PTT and PIT in immuno-oncology, from bench to bedside, were introspected. Near-infrared PIT as a treatment of HCC has been developed over the past decade based on novel targeted molecules to selectively suppress cancer cells, overcome immune blocking barriers, initiate a cascade of helpful immune responses, and generate distant autoimmune responses that inhibit metastasis and recurrences, through high-tech and intelligent real-time monitoring. The process of putting into effect new targeted molecules and the intelligent, multifunctional solutions for therapy will bring patients new hope for a longer life or even a cure, and the fulfillment of the myth of Prometheus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- President of the International Society for Medical Laser Applications (ISLA Transcontinental), German Vice President of the German-Chinese Research Foundation (DCFG) for TCM, Honorary President of the European Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies, 8053 Graz, Austria
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7
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Suarez-Rodriguez JI, Liu CC, Dehghanpir S, Johnston AN. Lymphopenia predicts reduced survival in canine hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e36. [PMID: 37271504 PMCID: PMC10244132 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a prognostic marker in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) however, its utility in canine HCC has not been explored. The aim of the study was to determine if PLR could predict survival outcomes in 42 dogs with HCC. PLR was not a significant predictive factor (p = 0.15) but lymphopenia alone was significantly correlated with a reduced probability of survival (p = 0.024). Further studies are needed to evaluate if peripheral lymphocyte count mirrors that of the tumor microenvironment in canine HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Israel Suarez-Rodriguez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shannon Dehghanpir
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Andrea N Johnston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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8
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Villalba-López F, Sáenz-Mateos LF, Sánchez-Lorencio MI, De La Orden-García V, Alconchel-Gago F, Cascales-Campos PA, García-Bernardo C, Noguera-Velasco JA, Baroja-Mazo A, Ramírez-Romero P. Usefulness of PIVKA-II for monitoring after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5621. [PMID: 37024609 PMCID: PMC10079651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has encouraged the search for new biomarkers to be used alongside alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and imaging tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical contribution of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for HCC monitoring after liver transplantation (LT) and compare it with AFP, a routinely used tumour marker. A total of 46 HCC patients (Milan criteria) were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of PIVKA-II and AFP were measured before and after transplantation. Clinical features were determined for all the patients that were included. Significant correlations were found between PIVKA-II expression levels and some clinicopathological features, such as tumour size and number of pre-transplant transarterial chemoembolizations (TACEs). Serum levels of PIVKA-II and AFP decreased significantly after LT and increased in patients with tumour recurrence. Serum PIVKA-II levels may play an important role in predicting disease severity. Furthermore, monitoring PIVKA-II levels in HCC transplant recipients reflects the tumor early recurrence after transplantation and could be used, complementing AFP and imaging tests, as a novel biomarker of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Alconchel-Gago
- Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Ramírez-Romero
- Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Genetic Predisposition to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010035. [PMID: 36676960 PMCID: PMC9864136 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the genetically susceptible F344 and resistant BN rats cluster, respectively, with human HCC with better (HCCB) and poorer prognosis (HCCP); therefore, they represent a valid model to study the molecular alterations determining the genetic predisposition to HCC and the response to therapy. The ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of ERK-inhibitor DUSP1, which characterizes HCC progression, favors the unrestrained ERK activity. DUSP1 represents a valuable prognostic marker, and ERK, CKS1, or SKP2 are potential therapeutic targets for human HCC. In DN (dysplastic nodule) and HCC of F344 rats and human HCCP, DUSP1 downregulation and ERK1/2 overexpression sustain SKP2-CKS1 activity through FOXM1, the expression of which is associated with a susceptible phenotype. SAM-methyl-transferase reactions and SAM/SAH ratio are regulated by GNMT. In addition, GNMT binds to CYP1A, PARP1, and NFKB and PREX2 gene promoters. MYBL2 upregulation deregulates cell cycle and induces the progression of premalignant and malignant liver. During HCC progression, the MYBL2 transcription factor positively correlates with cells proliferation and microvessel density, while it is negatively correlated to apoptosis. Hierarchical supervised analysis, regarding 6132 genes common to human and rat liver, showed a gene expression pattern common to normal liver of both strains and BN nodules, and a second pattern is observed in F344 nodules and HCC of both strains. Comparative genetics studies showed that DNs of BN rats cluster with human HCCB, while F344 DNs and HCCs cluster with HCCP.
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10
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Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Carrasco-Morales O, Sanchez Z EA, Osorio-Perez SM, Estrada-Meza C, Pathak S, Banerjee A, Bandyopadhyay A, Duttaroy AK, Paul S. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of key signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma: A mechanistic insight. Front Genet 2022; 13:910733. [PMID: 36118880 PMCID: PMC9478853 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.910733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies due to the different etiologies and genotoxic insults. The development of HCC is characterized by complex interactions between several etiological factors that result in genetic and epigenetic changes in proto-onco and/or tumor suppressor genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that also can act as oncomiRs or tumor suppressors regulating the expression of cancer-associated genes post-transcriptionally. Studies revealed that several microRNAs are directly or indirectly involved in cellular signaling, and dysregulation of those miRNAs in the body fluids or tissues potentially affects key signaling pathways resulting in carcinogenesis. Therefore, in this mini-review, we discussed recent progress in microRNA-mediated regulation of crucial signaling networks during HCC development, concentrating on the most relevant ones such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Hippo-YAP/TAZ, and Wnt/β-catenin, which might open new avenues in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Adrian Sanchez Z
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, Mexico
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11
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Analysis of mutations in DNA damage repair pathway gene in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12330. [PMID: 35853969 PMCID: PMC9296649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased in these years. DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway is required in response to DNA damage Gene mutations in DDR pathway play an important role in different stages of tumorigenesis and development. Based on the importance of DDR pathway in precision therapy of multiple cancers, we analyzed DDR gene mutations in Chinese patients with HCC. The results showed that (tumor mutation burden) TMB was significantly higher in HCC patients who carried somatic mutations in DDR than in non-carriers, and TMB in patients with DS, MMR mutations and DDR genes mutations such as RAD50, MLH1, MSH2, CHEK2 was significantly higher than that in wild-type patients. Based on the results of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing, we are trying to provide clues for targeted therapy and provide feasible basis for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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12
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Książek W, Turza F, Pławiak P. NCA-GA-SVM: A new two-level feature selection method based on neighborhood component analysis and genetic algorithm in hepatocellular carcinoma fatality prognosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3599. [PMID: 35403827 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major challenges facing biomedical research. Despite the high lethality, methods to predict mortality for this type of aggressive malignant tumor are insufficient. Machine learning is recognized by many authors as a valuable, yet poorly studied tool in this field. Undoubtedly, searching for new feature selection methods is significant in building an effective machine-learning model. In this study, we propose the novel hybrid model using neighborhood components analysis, genetic algorithm and support vector machine classifier (NCA-GA-SVM). Because SVM works with default parameters characterized by low classification results, we decided to use GA for the proper optimization and feature selection. As reported in the available literature, NCA and GA obtain high classification results. Here, we decided to combine these approaches, building a two-level algorithm for HCC fatality prognosis. We used a well-known dataset collected from 165 patients at Coimbra's Hospital and University Center, Portugal. Our results revealed 96.36% classification accuracy and 95.52% F1-score. Additionally, we compared all data for these metrics published so far. We demonstrated that our algorithm achieved the highest accuracy and can be successfully applied for the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality in the future. Our findings bring methodological value for future HCC studies and emphasize the possibility of using machine-learning techniques to improve the quality of medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Książek
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Filip Turza
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Pławiak
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gliwice, Poland
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13
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Zhao D, Cao J, Zhang L, Zhang S, Wu S. Targeted Molecular Imaging Probes Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis and Treatment. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050342. [PMID: 35624643 PMCID: PMC9138815 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most commonly malignant tumor and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, and the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with HCC is core in improving its prognosis. The early diagnosis of HCC depends largely on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has good soft-tissue resolution, which is the international standard method for the diagnosis of HCC. However, MRI is still insufficient in the diagnosis of some early small HCCs and malignant nodules, resulting in false negative results. With the deepening of research on HCC, researchers have found many specific molecular biomarkers on the surface of HCC cells, which may assist in diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, molecular imaging has progressed rapidly in recent years, especially in the field of cancer theranostics. Hence, the preparation of molecular imaging probes that can specifically target the biomarkers of HCC, combined with MRI testing in vivo, may achieve the theranostic purpose of HCC in the early stage. Therefore, in this review, taking MR imaging as the basic point, we summarized the recent progress regarding the molecular imaging targeting various types of biomarkers on the surface of HCC cells to improve the theranostic rate of HCC. Lastly, we discussed the existing obstacles and future prospects of developing molecular imaging probes as HCC theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.Z.); (S.W.)
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14
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Role of circulating microRNAs to predict hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in patients treated with radiofrequency ablation or surgery. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:244-254. [PMID: 34366240 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.06.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loco-regional treatments have improved the survival of patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but tumor relapse is a frequent event and survival rates remain low. Moreover, conflicting evidences address early HCC patients to surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), with the clinical need to find predictive non-invasive biomarkers able to guide treatment choice and define patients survival. METHODS Two independent case series of treatment-naïve HCC patients treated with local RFA, and a cohort of 30 HCC patients treated with liver surgery were enrolled. On the basis of literature evidence, we customized a panel of 21 miRNAs correlated with relapse and prognosis after local curative treatment of HCC. RESULTS Expression levels of let-7c predict tumor relapse after RFA; we also investigated the same panel in a small cohort of HCC patients undergoing surgery, finding no statistically significance in predicting tumor relapse or survival. Moreover, interaction test indicated that let-7c expression levels are predictive for identifying a subset of patients that should be addressed to surgery. CONCLUSION Results from this study could predict prognosis of early HCC patients, helping to address early HCC patients to surgery or RFA treatment.
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15
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Mir IH, Jyothi KC, Thirunavukkarasu C. The prominence of potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current scenario and future anticipation. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:1607-1623. [PMID: 34897788 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive and truculent types of cancer. Early detection of HCC is a massive concern that can boost the overall survival rates of HCC patients. As a result, there is a continual quest for advancements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to enhance the prognosis at its early stages. However, the confluence of inflammation and cirrhosis hampers the early detection of HCC. The analysis of different types of biomarkers such as tissue biomarkers, serum biomarkers, protein biomarkers, autoantibody markers, and improved imaging techniques has played a vital role in ameliorating HCC monitoring responses. Therefore biomarkers that can identify HCC early with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity might be prodigiously serviceable in the diagnosis and treatment of this notorious disorder. This study offers an overview of the contemporary understanding of several types of biomarkers implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis and their applications in monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis presage. In additament, we address the role of image techniques associated with HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Hassan Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - K C Jyothi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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16
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Zamora-León SP. Hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers, an imminent need. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1847-1849. [PMID: 34853655 PMCID: PMC8603452 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the liver and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The identification of novel, highly specific and more sensitive biomarkers for HCC is crucial because existing ones are deficient and non-confirmatory without histological biopsy or imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pilar Zamora-León
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
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17
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for approximately 80% of all liver cancers. The serum concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the only validated biomarker for HCC diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 21–30 nucleotides playing a critical role in human carcinogenesis, with types of miRNAs with oncogenic (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor features. The altered expression of miRNAs in HCC is associated with many pathological processes, such as cancer initiation, tumor growth, apoptosis escape, promotion of migration and invasion. Moreover, circulating miRNAs have been increasingly investigated as non-invasive biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. MiRNAs’ expression patterns are altered in HCC and several single miRNAs or miRNAs panels have been found significantly up or downregulated in HCC with respect to healthy controls or non-oncological patients (cirrhotic or with viral hepatitis). However, any of the investigated miRNAs or miRNAs panels has entered clinical practice so far. This has mostly to do with lack of protocols standardization, small sample size and discrepancies in the measurement techniques. This review summarizes the major findings regarding the diagnostic role of miRNAs in HCC and their possible use together with standard biomarkers in order to obtain an early diagnosis and easier differential diagnosis from non-cancerous liver disease.
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18
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Philips CA, Rajesh S, Nair DC, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK, Augustine P. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2021: An Exhaustive Update. Cureus 2021; 13:e19274. [PMID: 34754704 PMCID: PMC8569837 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a challenging global health concern with an estimated more than a million persons to be affected annually by the year 2025. The commonest type is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has been increasing in incidence the world over, mostly due to chronic viral hepatitis B infection. In the last decade, paradigm changes in the etiology, understanding of molecular biology, and pathogenesis, including the role of gut microbiota; medical and surgical treatments, and outcome trends are notable. The application of omics-based technology has helped us unlock the molecular and immune landscape of HCC, through which novel targets for drug treatment such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors have been identified. Novel tools for the surveillance and diagnosis of HCC include protein-, genomics-, and composite algorithm-based clinical/biomarker panels. Magnetic resonance imaging-based novel techniques have improved HCC diagnosis through ancillary features that enhance classical criteria while positron emission tomography has shown value in prognostication. Identification of the role of gut microbiota in the causation and progression of HCC has opened areas for novel therapeutic research. A select group of patients still benefit from modified surgical and early interventional radiology treatments. Improvements in radiotherapy protocols, identification of parameters of futility among radiological interventions, and the emergence of novel first-line systemic therapies that include a combination of antiangiogenic and immune-checkpoint inhibitors have seen a paradigm change in progression-free and overall survival. The current review is aimed at providing exhaustive updates on the etiology, molecular biology, biomarker diagnosis, imaging, and recommended treatment options in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A Philips
- Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Interventional Hepatobiliary Radiology, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Dinu C Nair
- Interventional Hepatobiliary Radiology, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Jinsha K Abduljaleel
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
| | - Philip Augustine
- Gastroenterology and Advanced Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, IND
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19
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Fei W, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Tang M, Qian Y, Zhang X, Zhao M, Zhang M, Wang F. Silica-Based Nanoframeworks Involved Hepatocellular Carcinoma Theranostic. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:733792. [PMID: 34557478 PMCID: PMC8452863 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.733792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica-based nanoframeworks have been extensively studied for diagnosing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several reviews have summarized the advantages and disadvantages of these nanoframeworks and their use as drug-delivery carriers. Encouragingly, these nanoframeworks, especially those with metal elements or small molecular drugs doping into the skeleton structure or modifying onto the surface of nanoparticles, could be multifunctional components participating in HCC diagnosis and treatment rather than functioning only as drug-delivery carriers. Therefore, in this work, we described the research progress of silica-based nanoframeworks involved in HCC diagnosis (plasma biomarker detection, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, photoacoustic imaging, fluorescent imaging, ultrasonography, etc.) and treatment (chemotherapy, ferroptotic therapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, sonodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, etc.) to clarify their roles in HCC theranostics. Further, the future expectations and challenges associated with silica-based nanoframeworks were highlighted. We believe that this review will provide a comprehensive understanding for researchers to design novel, functional silica-based nanoframeworks that can effectively overcome HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Jun SY, Yoon HR, Yoon JY, Jeon SJ, Lee JJ, Halder D, Kim JM, Kim NS. The Human TOR Signaling Regulator Is the Key Indicator of Liver Cancer Patients' Overall Survival: TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 as Potential Biomarkers for Early Liver Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2925. [PMID: 34208132 PMCID: PMC8230774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported the involvement of TIPRL/LC3/CD133 in liver cancer aggressiveness. This study assessed the human TOR signaling regulator (TIPRL)/microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3)/prominin-1 (CD133)/cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early liver cancer. For the assessment, we stained tissues of human liver disease/cancer with antibodies against TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46, followed by confocal observation. The roles of TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46 in liver normal and cancer cell lines were determined by in vitro studies. We analyzed the prognostic and diagnostic potentials of TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46 using the receiver-operating characteristic curve, a Kaplan-Meier and uni-/multi-Cox analyses. TIPRL and LC3 were upregulated in tissues of HCCs and adult hepatocytes-derived liver diseases while downregulated in iCCA. Intriguingly, TIPRL levels were found to be critically associated with liver cancer patients' survivability, and TIPRL is the key player in liver cancer cell proliferation and viability via stemness and self-renewal induction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TIPRL/LC3/CD133 have shown prominent efficiency for diagnosing patients with grade 1 iCCA. TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 have also provided excellent potential for prognosticating patients with grade 1 iCCA and grade 1 HCCs, together with demonstrating that TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 are, either individually or in conjunction, potential biomarkers for early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Jun
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyang Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yong Yoon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jeon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Debasish Halder
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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21
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Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Terentiev AA. Genomic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Personalized Medicine. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:369-383. [PMID: 33994362 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advanced-stage HCC patients have poor survival rates and this requires the discovery of novel clear biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis and prognosis, identifying risk factors, distinguishing HCC from non-HCC liver diseases, and assessment of treatment response. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel minimally invasive approach to enable monitoring tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Since the liquid biopsy analysis has relatively high specificity and low sensitivity in cancer early detection, there is a risk of bias. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide accurate and comprehensive gene expression and mutational profiling of liquid biopsies including cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and genomic components of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Since HCC is a highly heterogeneous cancer, HCC patients can display various genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic patterns and exhibit varying sensitivity to treatment options. Identification of individual variabilities in genomic signatures in liquid biopsy has the potential to greatly enhance precision oncology capabilities. In this review, we highlight and critically discuss the latest progress in characterizing the genomic landscape of liquid biopsy, which can advance HCC personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey P Zavadskiy
- A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Ren X, Li A, Ying E, Fang J, Li M, Yu J. Upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) predicts poor prognosis and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1530-1542. [PMID: 33934686 PMCID: PMC8806210 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1918507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reportedly, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) is closely related to the progression of several malignancies. This work is aimed to probe the role of UBE2T in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The microarray analysis was executed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) databases, PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to validate the dysregulation of UBE2T in HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to determine the relationship between UBE2T expression and the prognosis of HCC patients. PCR was carried out to detect UBE2T protein expression in HCC cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (BrdU) experiments were conducted to examine the proliferation of HCC cells. Scratch healing and Transwell experiments were conducted to examine the migration of HCC cells. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments predicted and validated the targeting relationship with miR-212-5p and UBE2T. We found that UBE2T expression was remarkably up-modulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and its high expression was linked to a worse prognosis in HCC patients. UBE2T overexpression enhanced HCC cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, UBE2T was verified as a downstream target of miR-212-5p. In conclusion, UBE2T overexpression is markedly linked to unfavorable prognosis in HCC patients. UBE2T, regulated by miR-212-5p, significantly enhances the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells, which can be used as a target for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alex Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Edward Ying
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jhin Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Mansouri V, Razzaghi M, Nikzamir A, Ahmadzadeh A, Iranshahi M, Haghazali M, Hamdieh M. Assessment of liver cancer biomarkers. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:S29-S39. [PMID: 33585001 PMCID: PMC7881406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. It is primarily divides into two main types, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) and cholangiocarcinoma (IC). Due to the increasing number of patients with liver cancer and the high mortality rate, early diagnosis of the disease can be helpful in treatment, but most patients are diagnosed atlate stages of HC. The aim of this study is to screen and provide an overview on candidate biomarkers related to primary liver cancer to introduce the critical ones. In this study, various biomarkers related to the diagnosis of primary liver cancer have been studied. Accordingly, biomarkers are divided into different groups as blood biomarkers classified as serum and plasma biomarkers, tissue biomarkers, microRNA biomarkers, proteomic biomarkers and altered genes. Previous researches have focused on liver cells and bile ducts, the surround cellular environment, how cells differentiate, and the types of genes expressed in liver cancer. Some even have focused on the origin of tumor cells and how they differentiate and develop. In all these studies, the expression of specific proteins and genes in liver cancer has been considered. Based on available sources, biomarkers can be considered as candidates to diagnose and prognosis of various types of primary liver cancer, from sources such as blood, tissue, mic-RNA, proteome and genes. However, more investigations are required to introduce a biomarker for precise detection of early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohhamadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Faculty of Medicine, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadzadeh
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Iranshahi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Haghazali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Department of Psychosomatic, Taleghani Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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