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Qing Z, Luo Q, Duan J, Lin J, Huang H, Yang S, Zeng Z. SENP1 attenuates hypoxia‑reoxygenation injury in liver sinusoid endothelial cells by relying on the HIF‑1α signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:64. [PMID: 38426545 PMCID: PMC10926105 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) have an important role in hepatic ischemia‑reperfusion injury (I/R), but the specific molecular mechanism of action is unknown. LSEC proliferation is regulated and fenestration is maintained via the Sentrin/SUMO‑specific protease 1 (SENP1)/hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) signaling axis under hypoxic conditions. In the present study, a hypoxia‑reoxygenation (H‑R) injury model was established using mouse LSECs to explore the relationship between SENP1 and H‑R injury in vitro, and the specific underlying mechanism was identified, revealing new targets for the clinical attenuation of hepatic I/R injury. Following the culture of LSECs under H‑R conditions, it was demonstrated that the expression of SENP1 was upregulated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting (WB). In addition, scanning electron microscopy indicated that fenestrae damage was increased, a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay demonstrated that the proliferation of cells was impaired and flow cytometry showed that apoptosis was increased. After silencing SENP1 expression with short interfering RNA, the proliferation activity of LSECs decreased, the fenestrae damage increased, the apoptosis rate increased and the expression levels of SENP1, HIF‑1α, heme oxygenase and Bcl‑2 were downregulated (as demonstrated by WB), while the expression levels of apoptosis‑related proteins, cleaved‑caspase‑3 and Bax, were upregulated. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay detection showed that the level of vascular endothelial growth factor in the supernatant decreased and the level of IL‑6 and TNF‑α increased. Following the administration of an HIF‑1α signaling pathway agonist, the situation was reversed. These results therefore suggested that SENP1 attenuated the reduction in proliferation, apoptosis and fenestration of LSECs observed following H‑R injury through the HIF‑1α signaling pathway. In conclusion, SENP1 may attenuate H‑R injury in LSECs in a HIF‑1α signaling pathway‑dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qing
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Duan
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hanfei Huang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Jaishankar D, Quinn KM, Sanders J, Plumblee L, Morinelli TA, Nadig SN. Connexins in endothelial cells as a therapeutic target for solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2502-2508. [PMID: 35612993 PMCID: PMC9643625 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Connexins are a class of membrane proteins widely distributed throughout the body and have various functions based on their location and levels of expression. More specifically, connexin proteins expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) have unique roles in maintaining EC barrier integrity and function-a highly regulated process that is critical for pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant reactions. In this minireview, we discuss the regulatory influence connexin proteins have in maintaining EC barrier integrity and their role in ischemia-reperfusion injury as it relates to organ transplantation. It is evident that certain isoforms of the connexin protein family are uniquely positioned to have far-reaching effects on preserving organ function; however, there is still much to be learned of their roles in transplant immunology and the application of this knowledge to the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kristen M. Quinn
- Department of Surgery, Division of TransplantMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jes Sanders
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Leah Plumblee
- Department of Surgery, Division of TransplantMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas A. Morinelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of TransplantMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Satish N. Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA,Department of Surgery, Division of TransplantMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA,Department of Microbiology‐Immunology and Pediatrics, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA,Simpson Querrey InstituteNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Wang X, Walkey CJ, Maretti-Mira AC, Wang L, Johnson DL, DeLeve LD. Susceptibility of Rat Steatotic Liver to Ischemia-Reperfusion Is Treatable With Liver-Selective Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition. Hepatology 2020; 72:1771-1785. [PMID: 32060938 PMCID: PMC7523533 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study examined whether enhanced susceptibility of steatotic liver to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is due to impaired recruitment of bone marrow (BM) progenitors of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs, also called sinusoidal endothelial cell progenitor cells [sprocs]) with diminished repair of injured LSECs and whether restoring signaling to recruit BM sprocs reduces I/R injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hepatic vessels were clamped for 1 hour in rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 5, 10, or 15 weeks. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or an MMP inhibitor were used to induce liver-selective MMP-9 inhibition. HFHF rats had mild, moderate, and severe steatosis, respectively, at 5, 10, and 15 weeks. I/R injury was enhanced in HFHF rats; this was accompanied by complete absence of hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stromal cell-derived factor 1 (sdf1) signaling, leading to lack of BM sproc recruitment. Liver-selective MMP-9 inhibition to protect against proteolytic cleavage of hepatic VEGF using either MMP-9 ASO or intraportal MMP inhibitor in 5-week and 10-week HFHF rats enhanced hepatic VEGF-sdf1 signaling, increased BM sproc recruitment, and reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 92% and 77% at 5 weeks and by 80% and 64% at 10 weeks of the HFHF diet, respectively. After I/R injury in 15-week HFHF rats, the MMP inhibitor reduced active MMP-9 expression by 97%, ameliorated histologic evidence of injury, and reduced ALT by 58%, which is comparable to control rats sustaining I/R injury. Rescue therapy with intraportal MMP inhibitor, given after ischemia, in the 5-week HFHF rat reduced ALT by 71% and reduced necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Lack of signaling to recruit BM sprocs that repair injured LSECs renders steatotic liver more susceptible to I/R injury. Liver-selective MMP-9 inhibition enhances VEGF-sdf1 signaling and recruitment of BM sprocs, which markedly protects against I/R injury, even in severely steatotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Wang
- USC Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC Los Angeles CA
| | - Christopher J. Walkey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Ana C. Maretti-Mira
- USC Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC Los Angeles CA
| | - Lei Wang
- USC Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC Los Angeles CA
| | - Deborah L. Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Laurie D. DeLeve
- USC Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC Los Angeles CA
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Sun X, Ye C, Deng Q, Chen J, Guo C. Contribution of glutaredoxin-1 to Fas s-glutathionylation and inflammation in ethanol-induced liver injury. Life Sci 2020; 264:118678. [PMID: 33127518 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The reversible protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) modification of Fas augments apoptosis, which can be reversed by the cytosolic deglutathionylation enzyme glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), but its roles in alcoholic liver injury remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of genetic ablation of Grx1 on Fas S-glutathionylation (Fas-SSG) in regulating ethanol-induced injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the Grx1 activity and oxidative damage, hepatic injury related indicators, Fas-SSG, we also assess the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, its downstream signal, and Akt signaling cascades, Furthermore, the number of Kupffer cells and related proinflammatory cytokines between WT and Grx1- groups after alcohol exposure. KEY FINDINGS Ethanol-fed mice had increased Grx1 activity and oxidative damage in the liver. Grx1-deficient mice had more serious liver damage when exposed to ethanol compared to that of wild-type mice, accompanied by increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, Fas-SSG, cleaved caspase-3 and hepatocyte apoptosis. Grx1 ablation resulted in the suppression of ethanol-induced NF-κB signaling, its downstream signal, and Akt signaling cascades, which are required for protection against Fas-mediated apoptosis. Accordingly, blocking NK-κB prevented Fas-induced apoptosis in WT mice but not Grx1-/- mice. Furthermore, the number of Kupffer cells and related proinflammatory cytokines, including Akt, were lower in Grx1-/- livers than those of the controls. SIGNIFICANCE Grx1 is essential for adaptation to alcohol exposure-induced oxidative injury by modulating Fas-SSG and Fas-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cuilian Ye
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Abstract
In this paper we will describe anaesthetic management of solid organ and reconstructive transplantation (RT) patients. We will focus on similar underlying principles of reperfusion, ischaemic-reperfusion injury, preconditioning and extracorporeal donor organ preservation. Special concerns for anaesthetic management of these patients need to focus on pre-assessment, pre-operative optimisation, vascular access, fluid management, blood and products replacement, cardiovascular monitoring, use of inotropes and vasoconstrictors, maintaining electrolyte balance and regional anaesthesia. Despite the complexity and long duration of transplant procedures, fast-tracking to the surgical ward after transplantation is becoming more popular and its benefits are well recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoka Milan
- Anaesthetic Department, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, SE5 9RS London, UK.
| | - Miriam Cortes
- Surgical Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Boteon YL, Afford SC. Machine perfusion of the liver: Which is the best technique to mitigate ischaemia-reperfusion injury? World J Transplant 2019; 9:14-20. [PMID: 30697517 PMCID: PMC6347667 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v9.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Longstanding research describes the mechanisms whereby the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation (reperfusion) aggravates the ischaemic injury caused by a period of anoxia to a donor liver. This phenomenon, called ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), leads to parenchymal cell death, microcirculatory failure, and inflammatory immune response. Clinically, IRI is the main factor responsible for the occurrence of posttransplant graft dysfunction and ischaemic-type biliary lesions. While extended criteria donor livers are more vulnerable to IRI, their utilisation is required to address the shortfall in donor organs. Thus, the mitigation of IRI should drive the setting of a new benchmark for marginal organ preservation. Herein, strategies incorporating different modalities of machine perfusion of the liver to alleviate IRI are discussed in conjunction with advantages and disadvantages of individual protocols. Techniques leading to reperfusion of the liver during machine perfusion (in situ normothermic regional perfusion and ex situ normothermic machine perfusion) may mitigate IRI by shortening the ischaemic period of the organs. This benefit potentially escalates from the minimum level, obtained following just partial alleviation of the ischaemic period, to the maximum level, which can be potentially achieved with ischaemia-free organ transplantation. Techniques that do not lead to reperfusion of the liver during machine perfusion (hypothermic, subnormothermic, and controlled-oxygenated rewarming) optimise mitochondrial oxidative function and replenish cellular energy stores, thereby lowering reactive oxygen species production as well as the activation of downstream inflammatory pathways during reperfusion. Further mechanistic insights into IRI may guide the development of donor-specific protocols of machine perfusion on the basis of the limitations of individual categories of extended criteria donor organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Boteon
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Afford
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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