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Yoo I, Kong HJ, Joo H, Choi Y, Kim SW, Lee KE, Hong J. User Experience of Augmented Reality Glasses-based Tele-Exercise in Elderly Women. Healthc Inform Res 2023; 29:161-167. [PMID: 37190740 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2023.29.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify any difference in user experience between tablet- and augmented reality (AR) glasses-based tele-exercise programs in elderly women. METHODS Participants in the AR group (n = 14) connected Nreal glasses with smartphones to display a pre-recorded exercise program, while each member of the tablet group (n = 13) participated in the same exercise program using an all-in-one personal computer. The program included sitting or standing on a chair, bare-handed calisthenics, and muscle strengthening using an elastic band. The exercise movements were presented first for the upper and then the lower extremities, and the total exercise time was 40 minutes (5 minutes of warm-up exercises, 30 minutes of main exercises, and 5 minutes of cool-down exercises). To evaluate the user experience, a questionnaire consisting of a 7-point Likert scale was used as a measurement tool. In addition, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess differences between the two groups. RESULTS Of the six user experience scales, attractiveness (p = 0.114), stimulation (p = 0.534), and novelty (p = 0.916) did not differ significantly between the groups. However, efficiency (p = 0.006), perspicuity (p = 0.008), and dependability (p = 0.049) did vary significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS When developing an AR glasses-based exercise program for the elderly, the efficiency, clarity, and stability of the program must be considered to meet the participants' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhwa Yoo
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Joo
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonjin Choi
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Wha Kim
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Hong
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Online Exercise Programming Among Older Adults: A Scoping Review. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 31:289-302. [PMID: 36087933 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Online exercise programming may promote physical activity while at home, but little is known about its use among older adults. Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, we describe the nature and extent of the research pertaining to the use of online exercise programming among adults 65 years of age and older. We ran two separate searches (January 2005-September 2020 and October 2020-October 2021), yielding 17 articles that met our inclusion criteria. A total of 1,767 participants (69% female) ranging from 65 to 94 years of age were included. Most studies delivered the online programs asynchronously. The majority of studies assessed the feasibility of online programs, with 14 studies investigating health-related outcomes such as physical, psychological, and social health. Future research should explore perceptions and experiences of online exercise programming among older adults and the mechanisms by which it impacts physical, psychological, social, and behavioral outcomes.
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Home-Based Physical Activity as a Healthy Aging Booster before and during COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074317. [PMID: 35410000 PMCID: PMC8998434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of physical activity in improving overall aspects of health regardless of age is well documented. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, preventive measures to limit airborne infection have been introduced, with people, especially older adults, advised to stay at home, thus increasing sedentary lifestyle and the risk of chronic diseases. As one of the few possible ways to stay active is home-based training, this review aims to provide evidence on alternative and feasible home-based activity programs as a tool to improve the fitness level in older adults, especially when preventive measures are needed to ensure isolation and limit interpersonal contacts. During quarantine, older adults, especially those with chronic diseases, are recommended to regularly exercise. Combined balance and muscle-strengthening training has proven to be particularly useful in limiting falls and mobility limitations. In addition, the use of virtual reality systems seems to be a potential strategy in remaining physically active, reducing physical inactivity time and significantly increasing the compliance of the older adults with physical activity programs. In conclusion, home-based programs induce improvements in physical functions in general and quality of life in older people with or without co-morbidities, and it can be considered in the future as one of the feasible and economic ways to increase physical well-being. This may be of unique importance in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 enforced limitations in out-of-home activity.
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Maruyama Y. Change in static standing balance ability of community-residing elderly females after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:183-186. [PMID: 35291472 PMCID: PMC8918099 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the changes in the balance ability of
community-residing elderly females between 2017 and 2020. [Participants and Methods] The
participants included 202 females with ≥65 years of age (average age, 78.3 ± 5.88 years),
living independently in the community and attending the salon. The balance ability was
measured through a one-legged standing test by keeping the participants’ eyes open. The
measurement duration was a maximum of 120 s while standing still. Each participant
underwent the measurement twice, and the best attempt was recorded. The survey period was
from 2017 to 2020, and the measurements were conducted once a year. [Results] The 2020
records showed a statistically significant difference compared to those of the other
3 years. The degree of decline was higher in the old-old than that in the young-old.
[Conclusion] The balance ability of the elderly females was found to reduce significantly
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, supporting physical activities in the old-old
females is necessary to improve their balance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Maruyama
- Tokai Gakuen University Miyoshi Campus: 21-233 Nishinohora, Ukigai, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0207, Japan
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5
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Dasgupta D, Chaudhry B, Greeves K, Long J, Duarte M, Chawla N. A Tablet-based App for Successful Aging in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Low Socioeconomic Status: A Feasibility Study (Preprint). JMIR Aging 2020. [DOI: 10.2196/26686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mehra S, van den Helder J, Visser B, Engelbert RHH, Weijs PJM, Kröse BJA. Evaluation of a Blended Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16380. [PMID: 32459652 PMCID: PMC7413279 DOI: 10.2196/16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity can prolong the ability of older adults to live independently. Home-based exercises can help achieve the recommended physical activity levels. A blended intervention was developed to support older adults in performing home-based exercises. A tablet and a personal coach were provided to facilitate the self-regulation of exercise behavior. OBJECTIVE In line with the Medical Research Council framework, this study aimed to carry out process evaluation of a blended intervention. The objectives were (1) to assess the long-term usability of the tablet adopted in the blended intervention and (2) to explore how the tablet, in conjunction with a personal coach, supported older adults in performing home-based exercises. METHODS The process evaluation was conducted with a mixed-methods approach. At baseline, older adults participating in the blended intervention were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their general experience with information and communication technology (ICT) devices and rate their own skill level. After 6 months, participants filled out the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of use (USE) questionnaire to assess the usefulness, satisfaction, and ease of use of the tablet. With a random selection of participants, in-depth interviews were held to explore how the tablet and coach supported the self-regulation. The interviews were double coded and analyzed with the directed content analysis method. RESULTS At baseline, 29% (65/224) of participants who started the intervention (mean age 72 years) filled out the ICT survey and 36% (37/103) of participants who used the tablet for 6 months (mean age 71 years) filled out the USE questionnaire. Furthermore, with 17% (18/103) of participants (mean age 73 years), follow-up interviews were held. The results of the baseline questionnaire showed that the large majority of participants already had experience with a tablet, used it regularly, and reported being skillful in operating ICT devices. After 6 months of use, the participants rated the usefulness, satisfaction, and ease of use of the tablet on average as 3.8, 4.2, and 4.1, respectively, on a 5-point scale. The analysis of the interviews showed that the participants felt that the tablet supported action planning, behavior execution, and self-monitoring. On the other hand, especially during the first few months, the personal coach added value during the goal setting, behavior execution, and evaluation phases of self-regulation. CONCLUSIONS The results of the process evaluation showed that older adults who participated in the study were positive about the blended intervention that was designed to support them in performing home-based exercises. Participants reported that the tablet helped them to perform the exercises better, more frequently, and safely. It supported them in various phases of self-regulation. The availability of a personal coach was nevertheless crucial. To support physical activity in older adults, a blended approach is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mehra
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Law, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- CREATE-IT Applied Research, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jantine van den Helder
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Visser
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raoul H H Engelbert
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J A Kröse
- CREATE-IT Applied Research, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Pauly T, Lay JC, Kozik P, Graf P, Mahmood A, Hoppmann CA. Technology, Physical Activity, Loneliness, and Cognitive Functioning in Old Age. GEROPSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to benefit aging processes. This study examined portable ICT usage and associated changes in physical activity, loneliness, and cognitive functioning. Ninety-two mostly-novice tablet-users aged 51–85 years participated in technology workshops and then reported on their portable ICT use biweekly for 6+ months. Physical activity, loneliness, and executive functioning were assessed before and after this period. More frequent use of exercise functions was associated with more moderate-intensity physical activity and less sitting, controlling for pretracking levels. More frequent use of social functions was associated with more social loneliness and a tendency toward less emotional loneliness, controlling for pretracking levels of loneliness. The use of exercise and social functions showed no associations with executive functioning. Portable ICT thus may bring both risks and benefits for physical and social functioning in older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pauly
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer C. Lay
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pavel Kozik
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Graf
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Atiya Mahmood
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mehra S, Visser B, Cila N, van den Helder J, Engelbert RH, Weijs PJ, Kröse BJ. Supporting Older Adults in Exercising With a Tablet: A Usability Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2019; 6:e11598. [PMID: 30707106 PMCID: PMC6376334 DOI: 10.2196/11598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For older adults, physical activity is vital for maintaining their health and ability to live independently. Home-based programs can help them achieve the recommended exercise frequency. An application for a tablet computer was developed to support older adults in following a personal training program. It featured goal setting, tailoring, progress tracking, and remote feedback. Objective In line with the Medical Research Council Framework, which prescribes thorough testing before evaluating the efficacy with a randomized controlled trial, the aim of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-based app that was designed to support older adults in doing exercises at home. Methods A total of 15 older adults, age ranging from 69 to 99 years old, participated in a usability study that utilized a mixed-methods approach. In a laboratory setting, novice users were asked to complete a series of tasks while verbalizing their ongoing thoughts. The tasks ranged from looking up information about exercises and executing them to tailoring a weekly exercise schedule. Performance errors and time-on-task were calculated as proxies of effective and efficient usage. Overall satisfaction was assessed with a posttest interview. All responses were analyzed independently by 2 researchers. Results The participants spent 13-85 seconds time-on-task. Moreover, 79% (11/14)-100% (14/14) participants completed the basic tasks with either no help or after having received 1 hint. For expert tasks, they needed a few more hints. During the posttest interview, the participants made 3 times more positive remarks about the app than negative remarks. Conclusions The app that was developed to support older adults in doing exercises at home is usable by the target audience. First-time users were able to perform basic tasks in an effective and efficient manner. In general, they were satisfied with the app. Tasks that were associated with behavior execution and evaluation were performed with ease. Complex tasks such as tailoring a personal training schedule needed more effort. Learning effects, usefulness, and long-term satisfaction will be investigated through longitudinal follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mehra
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Law, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,CREATE-IT Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Visser
- Amsterdam Centre for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nazli Cila
- CREATE-IT Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jantine van den Helder
- Amsterdam Centre for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raoul Hh Engelbert
- Amsterdam Centre for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Jm Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Ja Kröse
- CREATE-IT Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Choi M, Lee M, Lee MJ, Jung D. Physical activity, quality of life and successful ageing among community-dwelling older adults. Int Nurs Rev 2018; 64:396-404. [PMID: 28837231 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the relationships between physical activity, quality of life and successful ageing among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. BACKGROUND With increasing numbers of financially stable and active older adults, it has become imperative to understand successful ageing to promote well-being in this population. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected from senior welfare centres from August to November 2013. Participants were adults aged 65 years or older living in urban areas. Participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires assessing physical activity, quality of life and successful ageing. Data from 212 participants were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVAs with Scheffe tests and ordinary least square and quantile regression models using STATA 12.0. FINDINGS In the ordinary least square model, the association between physical activity and successful ageing was not statistically significant, whereas quantile regression revealed significant associations within the 75th and 90th percentiles of successful ageing scores. Quality of life was significantly associated with successful ageing in the ordinary least square model and with the median and 75th percentiles of successful ageing in quantile regressions. CONCLUSION Results suggested that physical activity and quality of life were both in part significantly associated with successful ageing among Korean older adults. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICIES Physical activity and quality of life play an important role in enhancing successful ageing. The development of an effective exercise programme advertised towards community-dwelling older adults may be essential for maintaining their successful ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Choi
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Lee
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-J Lee
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Jung
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Hong J, Kong HJ, Yoon HJ. Web-Based Telepresence Exercise Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly Women With a High Risk of Falling: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e132. [PMID: 29807877 PMCID: PMC5996181 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While physical exercise is known to help prevent falls in the elderly, bad weather and long distance between the home and place of exercise represent substantial deterrents for the elderly to join or continue attending exercise programs outside their residence. Conventional modalities for home exercise can be helpful but do not offer direct and prompt feedback to the participant, which minimizes the benefit. Objective We aimed to develop an elderly-friendly telepresence exercise platform and to evaluate the effects of a 12-week telepresence exercise program on fall-related risk factors in community-dwelling elderly women with a high risk of falling. Methods In total, 34 women aged 68-91 years with Fall Risk Assessment scores >14 and no medical contraindication to physical training-based therapy were recruited in person from a senior citizen center. The telepresence exercise platform included a 15-inch tablet computer, custom-made peer-to-peer video conferencing server system, and broadband Internet connectivity. The Web-based program included supervised resistance exercises performed using elastic resistance bands and balance exercise for 20-40 minutes a day, three times a week, for 12 weeks. During the telepresence exercise session, each participant in the intervention group was supervised remotely by a specialized instructor who provided feedback in real time. The women in the control group maintained their lifestyle without any intervention. Fall-related physical factors (body composition and physical function parameters) and psychological factors (Korean Falls Efficacy Scale score, Fear of Falling Questionnaire score) before and after the 12-week interventional period were examined in person by an exercise specialist blinded to the group allocation scheme. Results Of the 30 women enrolled, 23 completed the study. Compared to women in the control group (n=13), those in the intervention group (n=10) showed significant improvements on the scores for the chair stand test (95% confidence interval -10.45 to -5.94, P<.001), Berg Balance Scale (95% confidence interval -2.31 to -0.28, P=.02), and Fear of Falling Questionnaire (95% confidence interval 0.69-3.5, P=.01). Conclusions The telepresence exercise program had positive effects on fall-related risk factors in community-dwelling elderly women with a high risk of falling. Elderly-friendly telepresence technology for home-based exercises can serve as an effective intervention to improve fall-related physical and psychological factors. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service KCT0002710; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/ search_result_st01.jsp?seq=11246 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zdSUEsmb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Hong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic Of Korea.,Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic Of Korea.,Medical Information Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic Of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Yoon
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic Of Korea
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11
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Mehra S, Visser B, Dadema T, van den Helder J, Engelbert RH, Weijs PJ, Kröse BJ. Translating Behavior Change Principles Into a Blended Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: Design Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e117. [PMID: 29720358 PMCID: PMC5956161 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity can prevent or delay age-related impairments and prolong the ability of older adults to live independently. Community-based programs typically offer classes where older adults can exercise only once a week under the guidance of an instructor. The health benefits of such programs vary. Exercise frequency and the duration of the program play a key role in realizing effectiveness. An auxiliary home-based exercise program can provide older adults the opportunity to exercise more regularly over a prolonged period of time in the convenience of their own homes. Furthermore, mobile electronic devices can be used to motivate and remotely guide older adults to exercise in a safe manner. Such a blended intervention, where technology is combined with personal guidance, needs to incorporate behavior change principles to ensure effectiveness. Objective The aim of this study was to identify theory-based components of a blended intervention that supports older adults to exercise at home. Methods The Medical Research Council framework was used to develop the blended intervention. Insights from focus group, expert panels, and literature were combined into leading design considerations. Results A client-server system had been developed that combined a tablet app with a database in the cloud and a Web-based dashboard that can be used by a personal coach to remotely monitor and guide older adults. The app contains several components that facilitate behavior change—an interactive module for goal setting, the ability to draw up a personal training schedule from a library containing over 50 exercise videos, progress monitoring, and possibilities to receive remote feedback and guidance of a personal coach. Conclusions An evidence-based blended intervention was designed to promote physical activity among older adults. The underlying design choices were underpinned by behavior change techniques that are rooted in self-regulation. Key components of the tablet-supported intervention were a tailored program that accommodates individual needs, demonstrations of functional exercises, monitoring, and remote feedback. The blended approach combines the convenience of a home-based exercise program for older adults with the strengths of mobile health and personal guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mehra
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Law, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Digital Life - CREATE-IT Applied Research, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Visser
- Amsterdam Center for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Dadema
- Amsterdam Center for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jantine van den Helder
- Amsterdam Center for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raoul Hh Engelbert
- Amsterdam Center for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Jm Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Ja Kröse
- Digital Life - CREATE-IT Applied Research, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industries, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Chung J, Kim K, Hong J, Kong HJ. Effects of prolonged exercise versus multiple short exercise sessions on risk for metabolic syndrome and the atherogenic index in middle-aged obese women: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28830404 PMCID: PMC5567732 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people, although they may recognise the positive effects of exercise, do not exercise regularly owing to lack of time. This study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged single-session exercise and multiple short sessions of exercise on the risk of metabolic syndrome and the atherogenic index in middle-aged obese women. METHODS Thirty-six participants were divided into the single-session group, multiple-session group, and control group. The single-session group engaged in one session of treadmill exercise for 30 min a day; the multiple-session group had three sessions of 10 min a day. Both groups exercised 3 days/week for 12 weeks. The control group did not perform any exercise. RESULTS The single-session group showed decreases in weight (0.97 kg [95% C.I. = 0.09-1.83], p < .05), body mass index (0.43 kg/m2 [95% C.I. = 0.03-0.81], p < .05), and fat mass (1.65 kg, [95% C.I. = 0.78-2.51], p < .01). Systolic blood pressure dropped in the single-session group (6.66 mmHg, [95% C.I. = 1.44-11.88], p < .05), and diastolic blood pressure dropped in the multiple-session group (3.38 mmHg, [95% C.I. = 1.44-5.88], p < .01). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol rose in the single-session group (4.08 mg/dL, [95% C.I. = -8.08-(-)0.07], p < .05) and dropped in the control group (10.75 mg/dL [95% C.I. = 1.95-19.54], p < .01). According to post hoc analysis, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased more in the single-session group than the control group (95% C.I. = 0.61-21.88, p < .05). Glucose levels decreased in both the single-session group (16 mg/dL [95% C.I. = 5.64-26.35], p < .01) and the multiple-session group (12.16 mg/dL, [95% C.I. = 2.18-22.14], p < .05). Waist circumference decreased in the single-session group (2.65 cm [95% C.I. = 1.46-3.83], p < .001) and multiple-session group (2.04 cm, [95% C.I. = 1.51-2.73], p < .001). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels rose in both the multiple-session group (-15.79 mg/dL [95% C.I. = -34.24-(-)3.78], p < .05) and the control group (-22.94 mg/dL [95% C.I. = -44.63-(-)1.24], p < .05). The atherogenic index increased in the control group (-1.06 [95% C.I. = -1.69-(-)0.41], p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that prolonged exercise is superior to multiple short sessions for improving the risk of metabolic syndrome and the atherogenic index in middle-aged obese women. However, multiple short sessions can be recommended as an alternative to prolonged exercise when the goal is to decrease blood glucose or waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinWook Chung
- Sport Culture Science Department, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - KwangJun Kim
- Sports Science Department, Korea Instiute of Sports Science, 727 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01794 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Hong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 71 IhwaJang-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03087 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Munhwa-ro 266, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University Hospital, Munhwa-ro 282, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
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