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Kwon H, An S, Lee HY, Cha WC, Kim S, Cho M, Kong HJ. Review of Smart Hospital Services in Real Healthcare Environments. Healthc Inform Res 2022; 28:3-15. [PMID: 35172086 PMCID: PMC8850169 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2022.28.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smart hospitals involve the application of recent information and communications technology (ICT) innovations to medical services; however, the concept of a smart hospital has not been rigorously defined. In this study, we aimed to derive the definition and service types of smart hospitals and investigate cases of each type. METHODS A literature review was conducted regarding the background and technical characteristics of smart hospitals. On this basis, we conducted a focus group interview with experts in hospital information systems, and ultimately derived eight smart hospital service types. RESULTS Smart hospital services can be classified into the following types: services based on location recognition and tracking technology that measures and monitors the location information of an object based on short-range communication technology; high-speed communication network-based services based on new wireless communication technology; Internet of Things-based services that connect objects embedded with sensors and communication functions to the internet; mobile health services such as mobile phones, tablets, and wearables; artificial intelligence-based services for the diagnosis and prediction of diseases; robot services provided on behalf of humans in various medical fields; extended reality services that apply hyper-realistic immersive technology to medical practice; and telehealth using ICT. CONCLUSIONS Smart hospitals can influence health and medical policies and create new medical value by defining and quantitatively measuring detailed indicators based on data collected from existing hospitals. Simultaneously, appropriate government incentives, consolidated interdisciplinary research, and active participation by industry are required to foster and facilitate smart hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuktae Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhee An
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Won Chul Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minwoo Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yoo HJ, Kim J, Kim S, Jang SM, Lee H. Development and usability evaluation of a bedside robot system for inpatients. Technol Health Care 2021; 30:337-350. [PMID: 34250913 DOI: 10.3233/thc-212901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many inpatients become anxious or frightened about scheduled treatment processes, and medical staff do not have sufficient time to provide emotional support. The recent advancement of information and communications technology (ICT) and the use of artificial intelligence (AI), including robots, in the health care field is being put to the test. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a bedside robot system to deliver information and provide emotional support to inpatients and to evaluate the usability and perceptions of the developed robot. METHODS The first stage was accomplished by deriving essential functions from the results of user demand surveys on robots and by implementing a prototype by mapping each essential function to the robot's hardware and software. For the second stage, the robot was assessed for usability and perceptions in a simulation center, a hospital-like environment, by 10 nurses, 10 inpatients, and family caregivers. Usability and perception were evaluated using the think-aloud method, a survey, and individual interviews. RESULTS Based on the usability evaluation, the perceived usefulness, ease of use, and satisfaction were 5.28 ± 1.27 points, 5.42 ± 1.55 points, and 5.27 ± 1.46 points out of 7, respectively. It was found that overall, the robot was positively perceived by participants. As a result of the qualitative data analysis, the participants perceived the robot as an object that had the positive effect of providing emotional support through communication. CONCLUSIONS The bedside robot in this study, which incorporated human-robot interaction (HRI) technology, is an alternative suited to the new normal era that will contribute to ensuring that patients have more self-directed hospital stays as well as emotional support through information delivery and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yoo
- College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Mi Jang
- Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy, Daejeon, Korea
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Freeman WD, Sanghavi DK, Sarab MS, Kindred MS, Dieck EM, Brown SM, Szambelan T, Doty J, Ball B, Felix HM, Dove JC, Mallea JM, Soares C, Simon LV. Robotics in Simulated COVID-19 Patient Room for Health Care Worker Effector Tasks: Preliminary, Feasibility Experiments. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2020; 5:161-170. [PMID: 33521585 PMCID: PMC7833738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained health care systems and personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies globally. We hypothesized that a collaborative robot system could perform health care worker effector tasks inside a simulated intensive care unit (ICU) patient room, which could theoretically reduce both PPE use and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures. We planned a prospective proof-of-concept feasibility and design pilot study to test 5 discrete medical tasks in a simulated ICU room of a COVID-19 patient using a collaborative robot: push a button on intravenous pole machine when alert occurs for downstream occlusion, adjust ventilator knob, push button on ICU monitor to silence false alerts, increase oxygen flow on wall-mounted flow meter to allow the patient to walk to the bathroom and back (dial-up and dial-down oxygen flow), and push wall-mounted nurse call button. Feasibility was defined as task completion robotically. A training period of 45 minutes to 1 hour was needed to program the system de novo for each task. In less than 30 days, the team completed 5 simple effector task experiments robotically. Selected collaborative robotic effector tasks appear feasible in a simulated ICU room of the COVID-19 patient. Theoretically, this robotic approach could reduce PPE use and staff SARS-CoV-2 exposure. It requires future validation and health care worker learning similar to other ICU device training.
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Affiliation(s)
- W David Freeman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi M Felix
- Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jesse C Dove
- Medical Simulation Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jorge M Mallea
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Christy Soares
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee
| | - Leslie V Simon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Lee H, Kim J, Kim S, Kong HJ, Joo H, Lee D, Ryu H. Usability Evaluation of User Requirement-Based Teleconsultation Robots: A Preliminary Report from South Korea. Methods Inf Med 2020; 59:86-95. [PMID: 33126278 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telepresence robots used to deliver a point-of-care (POC) consultation system that may provide value to enable effective decision making by healthcare providers at care sites. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate usability of teleconsultation robots, based on endusers' needs, that can improve acceptance in future robot applications. METHODS This is a single group postdesign study using mixed methods to assess the usability of teleconsultation robots using scenarios. To collect opinions from various departments, 15 nurses or physicians currently working at medical institutions in Korea were selected using purposive sampling. The usability evaluation was conducted on healthcare providers twice at the simulation center; the think-aloud method was used and surveys and interviews were conducted to identify problems or improvements that may arise from the use of robots in hospital settings. RESULTS The results showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and satisfaction level each scored 4 points or higher out of 7 points, showing usability of midhigh level. Camera angle control and robot driving functions were the most difficult. Other basic robot user interface was shown to be relatively easy. There was no difference in usability depending on the characteristics of the evaluator. Some functions including user interface were modified based on the usability test. CONCLUSION Using robots in health care institutions may support effective communication among healthcare providers, thus contributing to health care improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsuk Lee
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyun Lee
- School of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Ryu
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Kim J, Kim S, Kong HJ, Ryu H. Investigating the Need for Point-of-Care Robots to Support Teleconsultation. Telemed J E Health 2019; 25:1165-1173. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsuk Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Ryu
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hong J, Kong HJ, Yoon HJ. Web-Based Telepresence Exercise Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly Women With a High Risk of Falling: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e132. [PMID: 29807877 PMCID: PMC5996181 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While physical exercise is known to help prevent falls in the elderly, bad weather and long distance between the home and place of exercise represent substantial deterrents for the elderly to join or continue attending exercise programs outside their residence. Conventional modalities for home exercise can be helpful but do not offer direct and prompt feedback to the participant, which minimizes the benefit. Objective We aimed to develop an elderly-friendly telepresence exercise platform and to evaluate the effects of a 12-week telepresence exercise program on fall-related risk factors in community-dwelling elderly women with a high risk of falling. Methods In total, 34 women aged 68-91 years with Fall Risk Assessment scores >14 and no medical contraindication to physical training-based therapy were recruited in person from a senior citizen center. The telepresence exercise platform included a 15-inch tablet computer, custom-made peer-to-peer video conferencing server system, and broadband Internet connectivity. The Web-based program included supervised resistance exercises performed using elastic resistance bands and balance exercise for 20-40 minutes a day, three times a week, for 12 weeks. During the telepresence exercise session, each participant in the intervention group was supervised remotely by a specialized instructor who provided feedback in real time. The women in the control group maintained their lifestyle without any intervention. Fall-related physical factors (body composition and physical function parameters) and psychological factors (Korean Falls Efficacy Scale score, Fear of Falling Questionnaire score) before and after the 12-week interventional period were examined in person by an exercise specialist blinded to the group allocation scheme. Results Of the 30 women enrolled, 23 completed the study. Compared to women in the control group (n=13), those in the intervention group (n=10) showed significant improvements on the scores for the chair stand test (95% confidence interval -10.45 to -5.94, P<.001), Berg Balance Scale (95% confidence interval -2.31 to -0.28, P=.02), and Fear of Falling Questionnaire (95% confidence interval 0.69-3.5, P=.01). Conclusions The telepresence exercise program had positive effects on fall-related risk factors in community-dwelling elderly women with a high risk of falling. Elderly-friendly telepresence technology for home-based exercises can serve as an effective intervention to improve fall-related physical and psychological factors. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service KCT0002710; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/ search_result_st01.jsp?seq=11246 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zdSUEsmb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Hong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic Of Korea.,Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic Of Korea.,Medical Information Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic Of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Yoon
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic Of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic Of Korea
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