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Different Repeat Annual Influenza Vaccinations Improve the Antibody Response to Drifted Influenza Strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5258. [PMID: 28701762 PMCID: PMC5507920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccine formulas change almost every year yet information about how this affects the antibody repertoire of vaccine recipients is inadequate. New vaccine virus strains are selected, replacing older strains to better match the currently circulating strains. But even while the vaccine is being manufactured the circulating strains can evolve. The ideal response to a seasonal vaccine would maintain antibodies toward existing strains that might continue to circulate, and to generate cross-reactive antibodies, particularly towards conserved influenza epitopes, potentially limiting infections caused by newly evolving strains. Here we use the hemagglutination inhibition assay to analyze the antibody repertoire in subjects vaccinated two years in a row with either identical vaccine virus strains or with differing vaccine virus strains. The data indicates that changing the vaccine formulation results in an antibody repertoire that is better able to react with strains emerging after the vaccine virus strains are selected. The effect is observed for both influenza A and B strains in groups of subjects vaccinated in three different seasons. Analyses include stratification by age and sex.
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Wang H, Xiao X, Lu J, Chen Z, Li K, Liu H, Luo L, Wang M, Yang Z. Factors associated with clinical outcome in 25 patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) infection in Guangzhou, China. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:534. [PMID: 27716101 PMCID: PMC5048464 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guangzhou reported its first laboratory-confirmed case of influenza A (H7N9) on January 10, 2014. A total of 25 cases were reported from the first wave of the epidemic until April 8, 2014. The fatality rate was much higher than in previous reports. The objective of the current work was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of A (H7N9) patients in Guangzhou and explore possible reasons for the high fatality rate. METHODS Clinical and epidemiological information regarding A (H7N9) cases in Guangzhou was collected through review of medical records and field research. Data regarding clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcomes were extracted. RESULTS Of the 25 patients, 84 % (21/25) had one or more underlying diseases. Fifteen patients (60.0 %) developed moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and 14 (56 %) died of the ARDS or multiorgan failure. Patients with longer delay between onset of illness and initiation of oseltamivir treatment were more likely to develop ARDS. Elevated C-creative protein, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lymphocytopenia predicted a higher risk of developing ARDS. CONCLUSIONS The presence of underlying diseases and clinical complications predicted poor clinical outcome. Early oseltamivir treatment was associated with a reduced risk of developing ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - XinCai Xiao
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Zongqiu Chen
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Kuibiao Li
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - ZhiCong Yang
- Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1, Qide Rd, Jiahe, Baiyun, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
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Khuntirat B, Love CS, Buddhari D, Heil GL, Gibbons RV, Rothman AL, Srikiatkhachorn A, Gray GC, Yoon IK. Absence of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A/H5N1 virus among children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. J Clin Virol 2015. [PMID: 26209384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A/H5N1 actively circulated in Kamphaeng Phet (KPP), Thailand from 2004 to 2006. A prospective longitudinal cohort study of influenza virus infection in 800 adults conducted during 2008-2010 in KPP suggested that subclinical or mild H5N1 infections had occurred among this adult cohort. However, this study was conducted after the peak of H5N1 activity in KPP. Coincidentally, banked serum samples were available from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school children who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses from 2004 to 2007 and lived in the same district of KPP as the adult cohort. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate whether subclinical or mild H5N1 infections had occurred among KPP residents during the peak of H5N1 activity from 2004 to 2006. STUDY DESIGN H5N1 microneutralization (MN) assay was performed on banked serum samples from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school children who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses in KPP. Annual blood samples collected from 2004 to 2006 from 251 children were selected based on the criteria that they lived in villages with documented H5N1 infection. RESULT No H5N1 neutralizing antibodies were detected in 753 annual blood samples from 251 children. CONCLUSION During 2004-2006, very few subclinical or mild H5N1 infections occurred in KPP. Elevated H5N1 MN titers found in the adult cohort in 2008 were likely due to cross-reactivity from other influenza virus subtypes highlighting the complexities in interpreting influenza serological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjawan Khuntirat
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gary L Heil
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert V Gibbons
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gregory C Gray
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ambati A, Valentini D, Montomoli E, Lapini G, Biuso F, Wenschuh H, Magalhaes I, Maeurer M. H1N1 viral proteome peptide microarray predicts individuals at risk for H1N1 infection and segregates infection versus Pandemrix(®) vaccination. Immunology 2015; 145:357-66. [PMID: 25639813 PMCID: PMC4479535 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A high content peptide microarray containing the entire influenza A virus [A/California/08/2009(H1N1)] proteome and haemagglutinin proteins from 12 other influenza A subtypes, including the haemagglutinin from the [A/South Carolina/1/1918(H1N1)] strain, was used to gauge serum IgG epitope signatures before and after Pandemrix® vaccination or H1N1 infection in a Swedish cohort during the pandemic influenza season 2009. A very narrow pattern of pandemic flu-specific IgG epitope recognition was observed in the serum from individuals who later contracted H1N1 infection. Moreover, the pandemic influenza infection generated IgG reactivity to two adjacent epitopes of the neuraminidase protein. The differential serum IgG recognition was focused on haemagglutinin 1 (H1) and restricted to classical antigenic sites (Cb) in both the vaccinated controls and individuals with flu infections. We further identified a novel epitope VEPGDKITFEATGNL on the Ca antigenic site (251–265) of the pandemic flu haemagglutinin, which was exclusively recognized in serum from individuals with previous vaccinations and never in serum from individuals with H1N1 infection (confirmed by RNA PCR analysis from nasal swabs). This epitope was mapped to the receptor-binding domain of the influenza haemagglutinin and could serve as a correlate of immune protection in the context of pandemic flu. The study shows that unbiased epitope mapping using peptide microarray technology leads to the identification of biologically and clinically relevant target structures. Most significantly an H1N1 infection induced a different footprint of IgG epitope recognition patterns compared with the pandemic H1N1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ambati
- Therapeutic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Therapeutic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Guilia Lapini
- VisMederi srl, Enterprise in Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Therapeutic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Therapeutic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The age distribution of influenza A(H5N1) cases reported during 2006–2013 varied substantially between countries. As well as underlying demographic profiles, it is possible that cross-immunity contributed to the age distribution of reported cases: seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and avian influenza A(H5N1) share the same neuraminidase subtype, N1. Using a mechanistic model, we measured the extent to which population age distribution and heterosubtypic cross-immunity could explain the observed age patterns in Cambodia, China, Egypt, Indonesia and Vietnam. Our results support experimental evidence that prior infection with H1N1 confers partial cross-immunity to H5N1, and suggest that more than 50% of spillover events did not lead to reported cases of infection as a result. We also identified age groups that have additional risk factors for influenza A(H5N1) not captured by demography or infection history.
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