Richterman A, Cheung HC, Meiselbach MK, Jerome G, Ternier R, Ivers LC. Risk Factors for Self-Reported Cholera Within HIV-Affected Households in Rural Haiti.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2018;
5:ofy127. [PMID:
29942825 PMCID:
PMC6007289 DOI:
10.1093/ofid/ofy127]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Cholera continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is now endemic in Haiti since first being introduced in 2010. Cholera and HIV have significant geographic overlap globally, but little is known about the clinical features and risk of cholera among HIV-infected people and their households.
METHODS
We assessed HIV-affected households originally recruited for a randomized controlled trial of food supplements. We assessed for correlation between household and individual factors and reported history of cholera since 2010 using univariable and multivariable analyses.
RESULTS
There were 352 HIV-infected household members, 32 with reported history of medically attended cholera, and 1968 other household members, 55 with reported history of medically attended cholera. Among HIV-infected individuals in this study, no variables correlated with reported history of cholera in univariable analyses. Among all household members, known HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.75; 95% CI, 2.43-5.79; P < .0001), source of income in the household (AOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05-3.15; P = .034), time required to fetch water (AOR, 1.07 per 5-minute increase; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12; P = .015), and severe household food insecurity (AOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.25-8.34; P = .016) were correlated with reported history of cholera in a multivariable analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Known HIV infection, source of household income, time required to fetch water, and severe household food insecurity were independently associated with reported history of medically attended cholera in HIV-affected households in rural Haiti. Further research is required to better understand the interactions between HIV and cholera.
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