1
|
Jia Q, Yang Y, Yao S, Chen X, Hu Z. Emerging Roles of Galectin-3 in Pulmonary Diseases. Lung 2024:10.1007/s00408-024-00709-y. [PMID: 38850292 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a multifunctional protein that is involved in various physiological and pathological events. Emerging evidence suggests that galectin-3 also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. Galectin-3 can be produced and secreted by various cell types in the lungs, and the overexpression of galectin-3 has been found in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary fibrosis diseases, lung cancer, lung infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. Galectin-3 exerts diverse effects on the inflammatory response, immune cell activation, fibrosis and tissue remodeling, and tumorigenesis in these pulmonary disorders, and genetic and pharmacologic modulation of galectin-3 has therapeutic effects on the treatment of pulmonary illnesses. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of galectin-3 and the underlying mechanisms of galectin-3 in pulmonary disease pathologies; we also discuss preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of galectin-3 inhibitors in these pulmonary disorders. Additionally, targeting galectin-3 may be a very promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng LH, Yu XJ, Zhang H, Zhang HJ, Jia Z, Wang XH. Advances in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast research: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36631. [PMID: 38181281 PMCID: PMC10766274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast represents a rare subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 1% to 2% of all breast cancers worldwide. Although clinically asymptomatic, they are usually detected during routine breast screenings. The common symptoms include breast lumps, skin or nipple changes, and nipple discharge. Histopathologically, IMPCs are characterized by tumor cells forming small papillary-like structures inside the glandular spaces, and arranged in an inverted pattern, with their apex pointing toward the center of the gland. This unique morphological feature is critical for diagnosing these cases. Another notable characteristic is its high propensity for lymph node metastasis (LNM). While the precise mechanism of metastasis is not clear, unique cellular arrangement and cellular interactions with the surrounding environment might promote tumorigenesis and higher node positivity. Hence, proper lymph node dissection and assessment are particularly crucial for this type of breast cancer. This review aims to discuss the recent progress in managing IMPC cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-hao Cheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao-jie Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhongming Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao-hong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeethy Ram T, Lekshmi A, Darvin P, Rajappan P, Jagathnath Krishna KM, Anoop TM, Augustine P, Mathew AP, Cherian K, Bhargavan RV, Somanathan T, Radhakrishna Pillai M, Santhosh Kumar TR, Sujathan K. Co-expression of galectin-3 and vimentin in triple negative breast cancer cells promotes tumor progression, metastasis and survival. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:31-54. [PMID: 37574746 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of druggable targets and complex expression heterogeneity of known targets is common among TNBC subtypes. An enhanced expression of galectin-3 in TNBCs has already been documented. We have observed a tumor progression-dependent galectin-3 expression in TNBCs compared to adjacent epithelium and non TNBCs. OBJECTIVE To unravel the association of galectin- 3 in tumor progression, aggressiveness and drug resistance in TNBC patients. METHODS Galectin-3 expression in 489 breast cancer tissues was correlated with clinicopathological features and the results were validated in cell lines and mouse model by silencing galectin-3 using shRNA and the proteins were profiled by western blot and qRT-PCR. Protein interaction was analyzed by GFP Trap and Mass spectrometry. RESULTS Galectin-3 expression correlated with tumor stage in TNBC and a lower galectin-3 expression was associated with poor patient survival. The positive correlation between galectin-3, vimentin and CD44 expression, pinpoints galectin-3 contribution to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, drug resistance and stemness. Vimentin was found as an interacting partner of galectin-3. Duplexing of galecin-3 and vimentin in patient samples revealed the presence of tumor cells co-expressing both galectin-3 and vimentin. In vitro studies also showed its role in tumor cell survival and metastatic potential, elementary for tumor progression. In vivo studies further confirmed its metastatic potential. CONCLUSIONS Tumor progression dependent expression pattern of galectin 3 was found to indicate prognosis. Co-expression of galectin-3 and vimentin in tumor cells promotes tumor dissemination, survival and its metastatic capability in TNBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Jeethy Ram
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Lekshmi
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Prakash Rajappan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - T M Anoop
- Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Paul Augustine
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Peter Mathew
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kurian Cherian
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Rexeena V Bhargavan
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Somanathan
- Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K Sujathan
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|