1
|
Cassio A, Marescotti G, Aversa T, Salerno M, Tornese G, Stancampiano M, Tuli G, Faienza MF, Cavarzere P, Fava D, Parpagnoli M, Bruzzi P, Ibba A, Calcaterra V, Mameli C, Grandone A, Cherubini V, Assirelli V, Franchina F, Capalbo D, Di Mase R, Tamaro G, Cavasin J, Munarin J, Russo G, Wasniewska M. Central Precocious Puberty in Italian Boys: Data From a Large Nationwide Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2061-2070. [PMID: 38308814 PMCID: PMC11244209 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT There are only a few nationwide studies on boys with central precocious puberty (CPP) and the last Italian study is a case series of 45 boys that dates back to 2000. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the causes of CPP in boys diagnosed during the last 2 decades in Italy and the relative frequency of forms with associated central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to idiopathic ones. METHODS We performed a national multicenter retrospective study collecting data from 193 otherwise normal healthy boys with a diagnosis of CPP. Based on MRI findings, the patients were divided into: Group 1, no CNS abnormalities; Group 2, mild abnormalities (incidental findings) unrelated to CPP; and Group 3, causal pathological CNS abnormalities. RESULTS The MRI findings show normal findings in 86%, mild abnormalities (incidental findings) in 8.3%, and causal pathological CNS abnormalities in 5.7% of the cases. In Group 3, we found a higher proportion of patients with chronological age at diagnosis < 7 years (P = .00001) and body mass index greater than +2 SDS (P < .01). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue therapy was started in 183/193 subjects. The final height appeared in the range of the target height in all groups and in 9 patients in whom the therapy was not started. CONCLUSION In our study on a large nationwide cohort of boys referred for precocious puberty signs, the percentage of forms associated with CNS abnormalities was one of the lowest reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cassio
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Marescotti
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Aversa
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, University Hospital, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marianna Stancampiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gerdi Tuli
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavarzere
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Fava
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa 16147, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa 16142, Italy
| | - Maria Parpagnoli
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Meyer Children Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bruzzi
- Pediatric Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Anastasia Ibba
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit and Newborn Screening Center, Pediatric Microcitemic Hospital, ASL Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Child and Adolescent Unit, Department of internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentino Cherubini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Salesi Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Assirelli
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, University Hospital, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Capalbo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child University Hospital Federico II Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Mase
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child University Hospital Federico II Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tamaro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Julia Cavasin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jessica Munarin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianni Russo
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, University Hospital, 98122 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu J, Wen L, Chen J, Chang Y, Huang R, Lin Y, Shen G, Feng J. Discover boy specific-biomarkers and reveal gender-related metabolic differences in central precocious puberty. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106305. [PMID: 36997004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP) in boys is rising, but lack of effective molecular biomarkers often leads to delayed treatment and thus the terrible clinical complications in adulthood. This study aims to identify the specific-biomarkers of CPP boys and understand the gender-related differences in metabolic characteristics of CPP. The specific-biomarkers of CPP boys were identified from serum and their combination was optimized by cross-metabolomics combined with linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis after age correction. The differences in metabolic characteristics between boys and girls with CPP were explored by cross-metabolomics and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Results show that CPP activated in advance the HPG axis and induced gender-related clinical phenotypes. Seven serum metabolites were identified as specific-biomarkers of CPP boys, including acetoacetate, aspartate, choline, creatinine, myo-inositol, N,N-dimethylglycine and N-Acetyl-glycoprotein. The combination of aspartate, choline, myo-inositol and creatinine achieved an optimized diagnosis, where AUC is 0.949, prediction accuracy for CPP boys is 91.1%, and the average accuracy is 0.865. The metabolic disorders of CPP boys mainly involve in glycerophospholipid metabolism, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Betaine, glutamine, isoleucine, lactate, leucine, lysine, pyruvate, α-&β-glucose were identified as gender-related biomarkers for CPP, and they are mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Biomarkers combination provides a promising diagnostic potential for CPP boy with a favorite sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the differences of metabolic characteristics between boys and girls with CPP will contribute to the development of individualized clinical treatments in CPP.
Collapse
|