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Önel T, Arıcıoğlu F, Yıldırım E, Zortul H, Yaba A. The effect of maternal separation stress-induced depression on ovarian reserve in Sprague Dawley Rats: The possible role of imipramine and agmatine through a mTOR signal pathway. Physiol Behav 2023:114270. [PMID: 37308044 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the possible role of impramine and agmatine through a mTOR signal pathway on rat ovary after maternal separation stress-induced depression. METHODS Sprague Dawley neonatal female rats were divided into control, maternal separation (MS), MS+imipramine, and MS+agmatine groups. Rats were subjected to MS for 4 hours daily from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and pups were exposed to social isolation (SI) on PND23 for 37 days for model establishment treated with imipramine (30 mg/kg; ip) or agmatine (40 mg/kg; ip) for 15 days. In order to examine behavioral changes rats were all subjected to locomotor activity and forced swimming tests (FST). Ovaries were isolated for morphological evaluation, follicle counting and mTOR signal pathway protein expression levels were detected. RESULTS Increased number of primordial follicles and diminished ovarian reserve in the MS groups were detected. Imipramine treatment caused diminished ovarian reserve and atretic follicle; however, agmatine treatment provided the maintenance of ovarian follicular reserve after MS. mTOR signal pathway may have an important role during rat ovarian follicular development in model of MS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that agmatine may help to protect ovarian reserve during follicular development by controlling cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Önel
- Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Feyza Arıcıoğlu
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ecem Yıldırım
- Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hacer Zortul
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aylin Yaba
- Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Türkiye..
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Kim DH, Han JH, Kwon HC, Lim SJ, Han SG, Jung HS, Lee KH, Kang JH, Han SG. Toxicity Assessment of a Single Dose of Poly(ethylene glycol) Diglycidyl Ether (PEGDE) Administered Subcutaneously in Mice. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120354. [PMID: 34941788 PMCID: PMC8708792 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) is widely used to cross-link polymers, particularly in the pharmaceutical and biomaterial sectors. However, the subcutaneous toxicity of PEGDE has not yet been assessed. PEGDE samples (500–40,000 μg/mouse) were subcutaneously injected into the paraspinal dorsum of BALB/c male mice. Cage-side observations were carried out with measurement of organ weight, body weight variation, and feed intake, as well as histopathological characterization on day 28 post-exposure. Mice that received 40,000 μg of PEGDE showed severe toxic response and had to be euthanized. Subcutaneous injection of PEGDE did not alter feed intake and organ weight; however, the body weight variation of mice injected with 20,000 μg of PEGDE was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Exposure to 10,000 and 20,000 μg of PEGDE induced epidermal ulcer formation and hair loss. The histology of skin tissue in mice administered with 20,000 μg of PEGDE showed re-epithelialized or unhealed wounds. However, the liver, spleen, and kidneys were histologically normal. Collectively, PEGDE, particularly above 10,000 μg/mouse, caused subcutaneous toxicity with ulceration, but no toxicity in the other organs. These results may indicate the optimal concentration of subcutaneously injected PEGDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-C.K.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-G.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Jong-Hyeon Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-C.K.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-G.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Hyuk-Cheol Kwon
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-C.K.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-G.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Su-Jin Lim
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-C.K.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-G.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Seo-Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-C.K.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-G.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Hyun-Su Jung
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-C.K.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-G.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Keyong-Ho Lee
- R&D Department, Across Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24398, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- R&D Department, Across Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24398, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sung-Gu Han
- Toxicology Laboratory, Sanghuh College of Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-C.K.); (S.-J.L.); (S.-G.H.); (H.-S.J.)
- Correspondence:
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