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Chiș A, Noubissi PA, Pop OL, Mureșan CI, Fokam Tagne MA, Kamgang R, Fodor A, Sitar-Tăut AV, Cozma A, Orășan OH, Hegheș SC, Vulturar R, Suharoschi R. Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera: Mechanisms of Action, Focus on Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 38202328 PMCID: PMC10780634 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a tropical tree native to Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan; it is cultivated for its nutritious leaves, pods, and seeds. This scientific study was conducted to outline the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds from M. oleifera. The existing research has found that the plant is used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals: flavonoids and polyphenols. The compounds are thought to exert their anti-inflammatory effects due to: (1) inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes: quercetin and kaempferol inhibit the pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase); (2) regulation of cytokine production: isothiocyanates modulate signaling pathways involved in inflammation, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway; isothiocyanates inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) and IL-1β (interleukin-1β); and (3) antioxidant activity: M. oleifera contains flavonoids, polyphenols, known to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. The review includes M. oleifera's effects on cardiovascular protection, anti-hypertensive activities, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This research could prove valuable for exploring the pharmacological potential of M. oleifera and contributing to the prospects of developing effective medicines for the benefit of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Paul Aimé Noubissi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Oana-Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Ioana Mureșan
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michel Archange Fokam Tagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454, Cameroon;
| | - René Kamgang
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (P.A.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orășan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.S.-T.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Simona Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-L.P.); (R.S.)
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Lab, CDS3, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Zerumbone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel Enhances Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1129297. [PMID: 36124067 PMCID: PMC9482501 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1129297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the healing effects of topical application of zerumbone, a well-known anti-inflammatory compounds loaded on nanostructured lipid carrier gel (Carbopol 940) (ZER-NLCG) on excisional wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats with inflicted superficial skin wound were topically treated with ZER-NLCG, empty NLCG, and silver sulfadiazine cream (SSDC) once daily for 21 days. Wound tissue samples were analyzed for proinflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hydroxyproline contents, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, and lipid peroxidation level, and were subjected to histopathological analysis, respectively. Among the treated groups, ZER-NLCG was the most effective at decreasing proinflammatory cytokine level and inflammatory cell infiltration while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, hydroxyproline content, and granulation of wound tissues of diabetic rats. ZER-NLCG is a potent formulation for the enhancement of wound healing in diabetic rats through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue repair activities.
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Fadhel Abbas Albaayit S, Khan MA, Abdullah R, Hezmee Mohd Noor M. Ethyl acetate extract of Clausena excavata induces growth inhibition of non-small-lung cancer, NCI-H460, cell line via apoptosis. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:40-47. [PMID: 34907714 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Clausena excavata Burm. f is a plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of various ailments in South East Asia. The plant parts contain chemical components that are cytotoxic to many cancer cells. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform C. excavata leaf extracts on the non-small-lung cancer, NCI-H460, cell line. METHODS Based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, among extracts, ethyl acetate C. excavata leaf extract (EACE) was the most potent anti-NCI-H460 cells, with IC50 value of 47.1 ± 6.1 μg/ml. The effects of EACE on NCI-H460 cells were also determined by clonogenic, 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide-PI flow cytometric assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptotic gene expressions was determined via flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. RESULTS EACE-treated NCI-H460 cells after 48 h underwent apoptosis as evident by loss of cell viability, cell shrinkage, and chromatin condensation. The results also showed EACE mediated increase in ROS production by the NCI-H460 cells. After 48 h treatment, EACE increased the pro-apoptotic BAX and decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Survivin and c-Myc gene expressions. CONCLUSIONS EACE is a potential anti-lung cancer by increasing cancer cell ROS production and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam Ashfaq Khan
- University of Karachi, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Dr. Panjwani center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Selangor, Malaysia
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Albaayit SFA, Maharjan R, Abdullah R, Noor MHM. Anti- Enterococcus Faecalis, Cytotoxicity, Phytotoxicity, and Anticancer Studies on Clausena excavata Burum. f. (Rutaceae) Leaves. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3123476. [PMID: 33748267 PMCID: PMC7954634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clausena excavata Burum. f. has long been applied in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various disorders like rhinitis, headache, cough, wound healing, fever, and detoxification. This study is aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49532 using AlamarBlue assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as the cytotoxicity, anticancer, and phytotoxicity of C. excavata. METHOD Bacterial cell viability was performed by using microplate AlamarBlue assay. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine morphological changes in the surface of bacterial cells. Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity were determined by brine shrimp lethality and Lemna minor bioassay. Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell line was used for the evaluation of the anticancer effects. RESULT Among the fractions tested, ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was found to be active with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 750 μg/mL against E. faecalis, but other fractions were found to be insensitive to bacterial growth. Microscopically, the EA fraction-treated bacteria showed highly damaged cells with their cytoplasmic content scattered all over. The LC50 value of the EA fraction against brine shrimp was more than 1000 μg/mL showing the nontoxic nature of this fraction. Chloroform (CH), EA, and methanol (MOH) fractions of C. excavata were highly herbicidal at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL. EA inhibited Caco-2 cell line with an IC50 of 20 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to reveal anti-E. faecalis property of EA fraction of C. excavata leaves, natural herbicidal, and anticancer agents thus highlight the potential compound present in its leaf which needs to be isolated and tested against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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