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Özbek O, Saglam B, Usta NC, Budak Y. GC–MS analysis and anti–microbial activity of Prunella vulgaris L. extracts. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Resolution of a vocal fold polyp treated with Chinese herbal medicine: One case report with literature review. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jergens AE, Parvinroo S, Kopper J, Wannemuehler MJ. Rules of Engagement: Epithelial-Microbe Interactions and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:669913. [PMID: 34513862 PMCID: PMC8432614 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.669913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex, multifactorial disorders that lead to chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation. The exact etiology remains unknown, however multiple factors including the environment, genetic, dietary, mucosal immunity, and altered microbiome structure and function play important roles in disease onset and progression. Supporting this notion that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in IBD pathogenesis, studies in gnotobiotic mice have shown that mouse models of intestinal inflammation require a microbial community to develop colitis. Additionally, antimicrobial therapy in some IBD patients will temporarily induce remission further demonstrating an association between gut microbes and intestinal inflammation. Finally, a dysfunctional intestinal epithelial barrier is also recognized as a key pathogenic factor in IBD. The intestinal epithelium serves as a barrier between the luminal environment and the mucosal immune system and guards against harmful molecules and microorganisms while being permeable to essential nutrients and solutes. Beneficial (i.e., mutualists) bacteria promote mucosal health by strengthening barrier integrity, increasing local defenses (mucin and IgA production) and inhibiting pro-inflammatory immune responses and apoptosis to promote mucosal homeostasis. In contrast, pathogenic bacteria and pathobionts suppress expression and localization of tight junction proteins, cause dysregulation of apoptosis/proliferation and increase pro-inflammatory signaling that directly damages the intestinal mucosa. This review article will focus on the role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the luminal environment acting as mediators of barrier function in IBD. We will also share some of our translational observations of interactions between IECs, immune cells, and environmental factors contributing to maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, as it relates to GI inflammation and IBD in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shadi Parvinroo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jamie Kopper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Wymore Brand M, Sahin O, Hostetter JM, Trachsel J, Zhang Q, Wannemuehler MJ. Campylobacter jejuni persistently colonizes gnotobiotic altered Schaedler flora C3H/HeN mice and induces mild colitis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5937419. [PMID: 33098301 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne human bacterial gastroenteritis but animal models for C. jejuni mediated disease remain limited because C. jejuni poorly colonizes immunocompetent, conventionally-reared (Conv-R) mice. Thus, a reliable rodent model (i.e. persistent colonization) is desirable in order to evaluate C. jejuni-mediated gastrointestinal disease and mechanisms of pathogenicity. As the nature and complexity of the microbiota likely impacts colonization resistance for C. jejuni, Conv-R and gnotobiotic C3H/HeN mice were used to evaluate the persistence of C. jejuni colonization and development of disease. A total of four C. jejuni isolates readily and persistently colonized ASF mice and induced mild mucosal inflammation in the proximal colon, but C. jejuni did not stably colonize nor induce lesions in Conv-R mice. This suggests that the pathogenesis of C. jejuni is influenced by the microbiota, and that ASF mice offer a reproducible model to study the influence of the microbiota on the ability of C. jejuni to colonize the gut and to mediate gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Wymore Brand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jesse M Hostetter
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Julian Trachsel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Michael J Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Wang SJ, Wang XH, Dai YY, Ma MH, Rahman K, Nian H, Zhang H. Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:359-369. [PMID: 30864498 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190313121608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and is widely distributed in the northeastern Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China. It is reported to display diverse biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation as determined by in vitro or in vivo studies. So far, about 200 compounds have been isolated from PV plant and a majority of these have been characterized mainly as triterpenoids, sterols and flavonoids, followed by coumarins, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides and volatile oils. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a future medicinal plant. Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanisms of action have been investigated, the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Wang
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.,Department of Drug Preparation, Hospital of TCM and Hui Nationality Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 751100, China
| | - Xiao-He Wang
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Dai
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Nian
- Pharmaceutical Center of Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Bassaganya-Riera J. Activation of LANCL2 by BT-11 Ameliorates IBD by Supporting Regulatory T Cell Stability Through Immunometabolic Mechanisms. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1978-1991. [PMID: 29718324 PMCID: PMC6241665 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) afflicts 5 million people and is increasing in prevalence. There is an unmet clinical need for safer and effective treatments for IBD. The BT-11 is a small molecule oral therapeutic that ameliorates IBD by targeting lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) and has a benign safety profile in rats. METHODS Mdr1a-/-, dextran sodium sulphate , and adoptive transfer mouse models of colitis were employed to validate therapeutic efficacy and characterize the mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy of BT-11. In vitro cultures of CD4+ T cell differentiation and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Crohn's disease patients were used to determine its potential for human translation. RESULTS BT-11 reduces inflammation in multiple mouse models of IBD. Oral treatment with BT-11 increases the numbers of lamina propria regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a LANCL2-dependent manner. In vitro, BT-11 increases the differentiation in Treg phenotypes, the upregulation of genes implicated in Treg cell stability, and conditions Treg cells to elicit greater suppressive actions. These immunoregulatory effects are intertwined with the ability of BT-11 to regulate late stage glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Immunometabolic mechanistic findings translate into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and Crohn's disease patients. CONCLUSIONS BT-11 is a safe, efficacious oral therapeutic for IBD with a human translatable mechanism of action that involves activation of LANCL2, immunometabolic modulation of CD4+ T cell subsets leading to stable regulatory phenotypes in the colonic LP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Landos Biopharma Inc, Blacksburg, VA,Correspondence address: Dr Josep Bassaganya-Riera Landos Biopharma Inc, 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216 Blacksburg VA 24060. E-mail:
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Komal S, Kazmi SAJ, Khan JA, Gilani MM. Antimicrobial activity of Prunella Vulgaris extracts against multi-drug resistant Escherichia Coli from patients of urinary tract infection. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:616-620. [PMID: 30034426 PMCID: PMC6041530 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.343.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Escherichia Coli is the most common etiological agent of UTI and accounts for more then 100, 0000 hospitalization annually. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Prunella vulgaris against E. coli from urinary tract infection patients. Methods: Urine samples of forty four suspected patients from Tertiary Care Hospital Faisalabad were used in this study. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Prunella vulgris (PV), a medicinal plant was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the growth of 38 resistant isolates of Escherichia coli strains and compared to Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Cefixime and Tobramycin by well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was measured by using broth micro dilution method. Results: PV showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strains, however Tobramycin at 10 microgram (10μg) inhibited the resistant E. coli to a greater extent as compared to other antibiotics and was resistant to twice less number of strains, about 82% of E. coli isolates have MDR pattern. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin has more efficacy than PV and no synergistic effect with extracts of PV. Cefixime is least efficacious against resistant E. coli, however it has synergistic effect with extracts of PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Sumra Komal, Pharm-D, M. Phil (Pharmacology). Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Asif Jahanzeb Kazmi
- Syed Asif Jahanzeb Kazmi, MBBS, M.Phil, Ph.D Scholar (Pharmacology). Associate Professor, CMH Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Junaid Ali Khan, DVM, MSc, M.S., Ph. D (Endocrinology). Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin Gilani
- Mashkoor Mohsin Gilani, DVM, Ph.D (Molecular Microbiology). Assistant Professor, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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