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Wilson IM, Willoughby B, Tanyos A, Graham K, Walker M, Laslett AM, Ramsoomar L. A global review of the impact on women from men's alcohol drinking: the need for responding with a gendered lens. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2341522. [PMID: 38700277 PMCID: PMC11073422 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2341522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global evidence shows that men's harmful alcohol use contributes to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other harms. Yet, interventions that target alcohol-related harms to women are scarce. Quantitative analyses demonstrate links with physical and verbal aggression; however, the specific harms to women from men's drinking have not been well articulated, particularly from an international perspective. AIM To document the breadth and nature of harms and impact of men's drinking on women. METHODS A narrative review, using inductive analysis, was conducted of peer-reviewed qualitative studies that: (a) focused on alcohol (men's drinking), (b) featured women as primary victims, (c) encompassed direct/indirect harms, and (d) explicitly featured alcohol in the qualitative results. Papers were selected following a non-time-limited systematic search of key scholarly databases. RESULTS Thirty papers were included in this review. The majority of studies were conducted in low- to middle-income countries. The harms in the studies were collated and organised under three main themes: (i) harmful alcohol-related actions by men (e.g. violence, sexual coercion, economic abuse), (ii) impact on women (e.g. physical and mental health harm, relationship functioning, social harm), and (iii) how partner alcohol use was framed by women in the studies. CONCLUSION Men's drinking results in a multitude of direct, indirect and hidden harms to women that are cumulative, intersecting and entrench women's disempowerment. An explicit gendered lens is needed in prevention efforts to target men's drinking and the impact on women, to improve health and social outcomes for women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M. Wilson
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
- Judith Lumley Centre, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bree Willoughby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amany Tanyos
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Walker
- Politics, Media and Philosophy, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Institute of Mental Health Policy Research,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leane Ramsoomar
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Lakbala P, Bordbar N, Fakhri Y. Root cause analysis and strategies for reducing falls among inpatients in healthcare facilities: A narrative review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2216. [PMID: 38946779 PMCID: PMC11211207 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a systematic process which can be applied to analyze fall incidences in reactive manner to identify contributing factors and propose actions for preventing future falls. To better understand cause of falls and effective interventions for their reduction we conducted a narrative review of RCA and Strategies for Reducing Falls among Inpatients in Healthcare Facilities. Methods In this narrative review, databases including Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, and PubMed were searched to obtain the related literature published. Databases were searched from January 2005 until the end of March 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used for quality assessment of articles. To analyze the data, a five-stage framework analysis method was utilized. Results Seven articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified for this study. All of the selected studies were interventional in nature and employed the RCA method to ascertain the underlying causes of inpatient falls. The root causes discovered for falls involved patient-related factors (37.5%), environmental factors (25%), organizational and process factors (19.6%), staff and communication factors (17.9%). Strategies to reduce falls involved environmental measures and physical protection (29.4%), identifying, and displaying the causes of risk (23.5%), education and culturalization (21.6%), standard fall risk assessment tool (13.7%), and supervision and monitoring (11.8%). Conclusion the findings identify the root causes of falls in inpatient units and provide guidance for successful action plan execution. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of considering the unique characteristics of healthcare organizations and adapting interventions accordingly for effectiveness in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Lakbala
- Department of Health Services ManagementHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran
| | - Najmeh Bordbar
- Health Human Resources Research Centre, School of Management and Medical Information SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health EngineeringHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran
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3
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Pecker LH, Cameron K. Sickle cell disease and infertility risks: implications for counseling and care of affected girls and women. Expert Rev Hematol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38913857 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2372320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD), its treatments and cures present infertility risks. Fertility counseling is broadly indicated for affected girls and women and fertility preservation may appeal to some. Several streams of evidence suggest that the reproductive lifespan of women with SCD is reduced. Pregnancy is associated with high miscarriage rates. There are enduring questions about the effects of highly effective hydroxyurea treatment on female fertility. Current conditioning regimens for gene therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplant are gonadotoxic. Fertility preservation methods exist as non-experimental standards of care for girls and women. Clinicians are challenged to overcome multifactorial barriers to incorporate fertility counseling and fertility preservation care into routine SCD care. AREAS COVERED Here we provide a narrative review of existing evidence regarding fertility and infertility risks in girls and women with SCD and consider counseling implications of existing evidence. EXPERT OPINION Addressing fertility for girls and women with SCD requires engaging concerns that emerge across the lifespan, acknowledging uncertainty and identifying barriers to care, some of which may be insurmountable without public policy changes. The contemporary SCD care paradigm can offer transformative SCD treatments alongside comprehensive counselling that addresses fertility risks and fertility preservation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia H Pecker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie Cameron
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Harvey A, Smith N, Smith M, Ostojic K, Berryman C. Chronic pain in children and young people with cerebral palsy: a narrative review of challenges, advances, and future directions. BMC Med 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38862988 PMCID: PMC11167894 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy (CP), the most common physical disability of childhood, is often accompanied by a range of comorbidities including pain. Pain is highly prevalent in children and young people with CP, yet has been poorly understood, inaccurately assessed, and inadequately managed in this vulnerable population. This narrative review presents recent research advances for understanding and managing pain in children and young people with CP, focusing on chronic pain, and highlights future research directions. MAIN BODY Pain prevalence rates in CP vary due to different methodologies of studies. Recent systematic reviews report up to 85% of children experience pain; higher in older children, females, and those with dyskinesia and greater motor impairment. Research examining the lived experience perspectives of children and their families demonstrate that even those with mild motor impairments have pain, children want to self-report pain where possible to feel heard and believed, and management approaches should be individualized. Notably, many children with cognitive and communication impairments can self-report their pain if adjustments are provided and they are given a chance. Past inadequacies of pain assessment in CP relate to a focus on pain intensity and frequency with little focus on pain interference and coping, a lack of tools appropriate for the CP population, and an assumption that many children with cognitive and/or communication limitations are unable to self-report. Recent systematic reviews have identified the most reliable and valid assessment tools for assessing chronic pain. Many were not developed for people with CP and, in their current form, are not appropriate for the spectrum of physical, communication, and cognitive limitations seen. Recently, consensus and co-design in partnership with people with lived experience and clinicians have identified tools appropriate for use in CP considering the biopsychosocial framework. Modifications to tools are underway to ensure feasibility and applicability for the spectrum of abilities seen. CONCLUSION Recent research advances have improved our understanding of the prevalence, characteristics and lived experience of chronic pain, and refined assessment methods in children and young people with CP. However, the very limited evidence for effective and novel management of chronic pain in this population is where research should now focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Harvey
- Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Nadine Smith
- Kids Rehab, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Meredith Smith
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Katarina Ostojic
- Community Paediatrics Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Western Avenue, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Carolyn Berryman
- Innovation, IMPlementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Paediatric Chronic Pain Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
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Gudenkauf LM, Hathaway CA, Carroll JE, Small BJ, Li X, Hoogland AI, Castro E, Armaiz-Pena GN, Oswald LB, Jim HSL, Tworoger SS, Gonzalez BD. Inequities in the Impacts of Hurricanes and Other Extreme Weather Events for Cancer Survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:771-778. [PMID: 38385842 PMCID: PMC11147728 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this minireview, we examine the impacts of hurricanes and other extreme weather events on cancer survivors, focusing on structural and social determinants of health. We briefly explore influences on biological, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes and discuss risk and resilience factors in cancer survivorship during and after hurricanes. Our goal is to inform future directions for research that can identify areas in which we can most efficiently improve cancer outcomes and inform changes in health systems, clinical practice, and public health policies. This timely minireview provides researchers and clinicians with an overview of challenges and opportunities for improving disaster preparedness and response for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Gudenkauf
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brent J Small
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aasha I Hoogland
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eida Castro
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura B Oswald
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Heather S L Jim
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brian D Gonzalez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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Lundqvist C, Schary DP, Jacobsson J, Korhonen L, Timpka T. Aligning categories of mental health conditions with intervention types in high-performance sports: A narrative cornerstone review and classification framework. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00150-6. [PMID: 38796375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that psychiatric disorders are as prevalent amongst high-performance athletes as in general populations, challenging the myth of invulnerability. Despite efforts of sport organisations to highlight the significance of athletes' mental health, it is still many times tough to combine the sport performance ethos with a discourse on mental health. This narrative cornerstone review examines challenges related to definitions and classifications of athlete mental health in high-performance sports and how these influence assessments and the implementation of interventions. We discuss challenges with concept creep and psychiatrisation and outline their consequences for sport healthcare professionals. Based on this, we present a framework that aligns different categories of athlete mental health conditions (from the reduction of wellbeing to psychiatric disorders) with intervention types (from the provision of supporting environments to pharmacotherapy). We conclude that researchers and sport practitioners need to carefully consider conceptual creep and the risk of pathologising normal and healthy, albeit emotionally aversive, reactions to athlete lifeworld events when assessing athlete mental health. A clear separation of terminology denoting the athlete's resources to handle the lifeworld (including salutogenic factors) and terms describing psychiatric conditions and their management is necessary to avoid misguidance in intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lundqvist
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden; Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden.
| | - David P Schary
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Performance, Winthrop University, USA. https://twitter.com/DrDavidSchary
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Barnafrid and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Linköping University, Sweden; Regional Executive Office, Region Östergötland, Sweden
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Buckey TM, Mathew SA, Sacta MA, Apter AJ. Scarcity of medical ethics research in allergy and immunology: A review and call to action. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00288-6. [PMID: 38750723 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Medical ethics is relevant to the clinical practice of allergy and immunology regardless of the type of patient, disease state, or practice setting. When engaging in clinical care, performing research, or enacting policies on the accessibility and distribution of healthcare resources, physicians regularly make and justify decisions using the fundamental principles of medical ethics. Thus, knowledge of these principles is paramount for allergists/immunologists. To date, there has been a shortage of medical ethics research in allergy and immunology. This review describes this scarcity, highlights publication trends over time, and advocates for additional support for research and training in medical ethics with a focus on topics germane to the practice of allergy and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Buckey
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Sheryl A Mathew
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria A Sacta
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea J Apter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Leatham SJ, Winckel KR, De Guzman KR. Management and Pharmacological Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease. J Pharm Pract 2024:8971900241250084. [PMID: 38693597 DOI: 10.1177/08971900241250084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a complex, heterogeneous condition that has become a leading health concern globally. Peripheral arterial disease often co-exists with other vascular disease states, including cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. Optimal therapy for managing symptoms and progression of disease employs non-pharmacological, pharmacological, and contemporary revascularisation techniques to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life. However, large well-designed randomised control trials (RCT) and corresponding evidence-based guidelines for management of PAD are lacking, with current practice standards often extrapolated from evidence in coronary artery disease.Purpose: This review article aims to discuss currently accepted best pharmacological practice for PAD.Method: Relevant articles were searched between May 2023 and January 2024 through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and international guidelines, focusing on pharmacological management for PAD.Results: This narrative review discusses holistic pharmacological treatments for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Leatham
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karl R Winckel
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Keshia R De Guzman
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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9
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Azevedo RA, Gualano B, Teixeira TA, Nascimento BCG, Hallak J. Abusive use of anabolic androgenic steroids, male sexual dysfunction and infertility: an updated review. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1379272. [PMID: 38711907 PMCID: PMC11070513 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1379272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolving prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse among nonathletes is alarming because of the known harm to an individual's health. Among the adverse effects of AAS abuse, male infertility and sexual dysfunction have been often reported in the literature, but little is known regarding its actual prevalence, possible underpinning mechanisms, and potential treatments either during or post-AAS usage. Thus, the current narrative review summarizes the state-of-art regarding the effects of AAS on male fertility and sexual function. Evidence was gathered from the latest reviews and recent original studies, specifically from prospective cohorts and clinical trials, ultimately resulting in five main topics of discussion. First, AAS usage is briefly characterized by its historical background, main physiological mechanisms, and the most frequently used AAS substances. Second, data on the prevalence of AAS-induced male infertility and sexual dysfunction are described. Third, some new insights on possible underpinning mechanisms of AAS-induced male infertility and sexual dysfunction are thoroughly discussed, with particular attention to histological data derived from animal models and the latest insights from prospective cohorts in humans. Fourth, the potential treatments during and after the AAS usage are presented, highlighting the odds of resolving male infertility and sexual dysfunction. Fifth, future directions on this topic are discussed, focusing on the methodological robustness of scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Almeida Azevedo
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Afonso Teixeira
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, School of Medicine and Drug Research Laboratory, Federal University of Amapa, Macapá, Brazil
- Men’s Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Androscience Institute for Science, Education and Advanced Projects in Male Health, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Hallak
- Men’s Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Androscience Institute for Science, Education and Advanced Projects in Male Health, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Androscience—Science and Innovation Center and High Complexity Clinical and Research Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Brown CK, Wallace CL. Psychosocial Distress Screening Among Interprofessional Palliative Care Teams: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN END-OF-LIFE & PALLIATIVE CARE 2024; 20:161-184. [PMID: 38652646 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2024.2343052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
With increased need for palliative care and limited staffing resources, non-social workers are increasingly responsible for screening for urgent psychosocial distress. The National Consensus Project guidelines call for all palliative care team members to be competent in screening across domains. Yet, in contrast to an abundance of evidence-informed tools for palliative social work assessments, standardization for interprofessional psychosocial screening is lacking. This lack of standardized practice may lead to harmful disparities in care delivery. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine current literature on evidence-informed practices for psychosocial screening within palliative care. Google Scholar, a university Summon library search engine, and prominent palliative care journals were searched using the same phrases to locate articles for inclusion. Each article was reviewed and synthesized across common themes. Although an abundance of validated screening tools exists for outpatient oncology-specific settings, there is minimal guidance on psychosocial screening tools intended for specialty palliative care. The most oft-cited tools have been met with concern for validity across diverse palliative care populations and settings. Additional research is needed to operationalize and measure brief psychosocial screening tools that can be validated for use by interprofessional palliative care teams, a stepping-stone for increased equity in palliative care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea K Brown
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cara L Wallace
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Ashley-Martin J, Hammond J, Velez MP. Assessing preconception exposure to environmental chemicals and fecundity: Strategies, challenges, and research priorities. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108578. [PMID: 38522558 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, approximately one out of six people globally experienced infertility at some point in their life. Environmental chemicals, particularly those with endocrine disrupting activity, may contribute to impaired fecundity and infertility. We review existing prospective cohort studies of environmental chemicals and fecundity, identify methodological challenges and biases, and outline future research priorities. Studies of preconception environmental chemical exposures and fecundity have occurred in US, Singapore, China and Denmark with recruitment as early as 1982-1986, as recent as 2015-2017 and sample sizes ranging from 99 to 936. Higher exposure to certain chemicals (e.g. heavy metals, perfluoroalkyl substances) was associated with longer time to pregnancy; yet the literature is scarce or nonexistent for many chemicals. Furthermore, prospective studies face challenges and potential biases related to recruiting participants prior to conception, measuring environmental chemicals during critical windows of exposure, and ascertaining when pregnancy occurred. Research priorities include expanding the scope of biomonitoring data collected during the preconception period, continuing to develop and validate analytic methods for self-sampled biospecimens in traditional and novel matrices, collecting data in male partners and investigating etiologic associations according to indicators of marginalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Hammond
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maria P Velez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queens University, Canada
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12
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Varpio L, Parker R, MacLeod A. Understanding the Differences That Differentiate: A Model for Deciding Which Literature Review to Conduct. J Grad Med Educ 2024; 16:146-150. [PMID: 38993309 PMCID: PMC11234308 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-24-00151.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Varpio
- Lara Varpio, PhD, is Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and Co-Director, Research in Medical Education, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robin Parker
- Robin Parker, MLIS, is Evidence Synthesis Librarian, W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; and
| | - Anna MacLeod
- Anna MacLeod, PhD, is Professor and Director, Education Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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13
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Malik J, Kumar L. Comment on "Revisiting beta-blocker therapy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction". Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102203. [PMID: 37967802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Malik
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd, Nanak Wara Nanakwara, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Laksh Kumar
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Lyari Hospital Rd, Rangiwara Karachi, Karachi 75010, Pakistan.
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Kaddoura DR, Patel DA. COMMENT ON "Revisiting Beta-Blocker Therapy in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction", Current Problems in Cardiology (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102203. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102379. [PMID: 38184127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dr Rasha Kaddoura
- Pharmacy Department, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Dr Ashfaq Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Hauenstein EJ, Schimmels J. Providing Gender Sensitive and Responsive Trauma-Informed Psychiatric Nursing Care. How Hard Can It Be? Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:202-216. [PMID: 38412453 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2310663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This paper addresses the challenge of providing gender sensitive and responsive trauma-informed care (TIC) in psychiatric nursing practice. Gender identity, gender subordination, and gender-related trauma history are examined as three key individual-level factors that affect nurses' capacity to engage therapeutically to provide gender sensitive and responsive TIC. Using Peplau's Interpersonal Theory and building on a shared trauma and resilience model, gender-sensitive and responsive TIC is situated within interpersonal science and the ability of the psychiatric nurse to attune to her own and her patient's gender ideologies. Strategies for transforming practice including self-reflection, self-compassion, and peer and supervisor support are reviewed. Noting the import of the practice environment, several observations of changes needed at the level of the unit, organization, and society to effect gender equitable policies that enable the implementation of gender-sensitive and responsive TIC are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Hauenstein
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Villegas-Serna T, Wilson LJ, Curtis C. Topical application of L-Menthol - Physiological and genetic considerations to assist in developing female athlete research: A narrative review. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103758. [PMID: 38070272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
L-menthol is a cyclic monoterpene derived from aromatic plants, which gives a cooling sensation upon application. With this in mind, L-menthol is beginning to be considered as a potential ergogenic aid for exercise and sporting competitions, particularly in hot environments, however female-specific research is lacking. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize available literature relating to topical application of L-menthol and provide commentary on avenues of consideration relating to future research developments of topical L-menthol in female athletes. From available studies in male participants, L-menthol topical application results in no endurance exercise performance improvements, however decreases in thermal sensation are observed. Mixed results are observed within strength performance parameters. Several genetic variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in relation to sweat production, fluid loss and body mass changes - factors which may influence topical application of L-menthol. More specifically to female athletes, genetic variations relating to sweat responses and skin thickness, phases of the menstrual cycle, and body composition indices may affect the ergogenic effects of L-menthol topical application, via alterations in thermogenic responses, along with differing tissue distribution compared to their male counterparts. This narrative review concludes that further development of female athlete research and protocols for topical application of L-menthol is warranted due to physiological and genetic variations. Such developments would benefit research and practitioners alike with further personalized sport science strategies around phases of the menstrual cycle and body composition indices, with a view to optimize ergogenic effects of L-menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Villegas-Serna
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura J Wilson
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Curtis
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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James AA, OShaughnessy KL. Environmental chemical exposures and mental health outcomes in children: a narrative review of recent literature. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1290119. [PMID: 38098750 PMCID: PMC10720725 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1290119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental health is an important factor for children's overall wellbeing. National health statistics show that millions of children are diagnosed with mental health disorders every year, and evidence from studies on chemical pollutants like lead and bisphenols indicate that environmental exposures are linked to mental health illnesses in youth. However, the relationship between children's mental health and the environment is not well understood. This paper aims to review recent literature on prenatal and/or childhood environmental chemical exposures and mental health problems related to mood, anxiety, and behavior. This work also identifies areas of insufficient data and proposes suggestions to fill the data gaps. Methods: A narrative review was performed by searching Google Scholar and PubMed for literature published in the last 6 years (2017-2022), using search terms related to children, mental health, and environmental chemical exposure. Additional relevant studies were identified by screening the references in these papers. Results: A total of 29 studies are included in this review and results are summarized by chemical category: heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and pesticides. The majority of studies reported positive and significant associations between chemical exposures and child mental health outcomes including internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that there is a growing body of literature that suggests developmental exposure to some environmental chemicals increases a child's risk of mood, anxiety, and behavior problems. Future research should expand on these findings to understand cumulative impacts, chemical mixtures, neurotoxic mechanisms, sex differences, and windows of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. James
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Children’s Health Protection, Regulatory Support and Science Policy Division, Washington, DC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Katherine L. OShaughnessy
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Wong G, Kenny R, Hannam M, Colucci G. Is simulation useful in preparing doctors-to-be for patient death: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:240. [PMID: 37727433 PMCID: PMC10506752 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1559_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and communication skills involved in managing patient death are essential for medical practitioners, yet these skills are often neglected in undergraduate medical education. We aim to review current reported evidence of simulation-based education on medical students' preparedness and performance toward patient death. A narrative review of the literature on simulation-based education for medical students on patient death was conducted. Data on study design, simulation dimension, evaluation tool, and outcome were collected and summarized. Eleven prospective studies were included for narrative review. Simulation modalities included mannequins, standardized patients, and online virtual reality. Heterogeneity in the evaluation tool of simulation-based education was demonstrated. Ninety percent of studies concluded positive outcome of simulation on improving medical students' preparedness in patient death. No negative or adverse learner reaction was reported. Simulation-based education may safely improve medical students' competence in handling patient death. Current data and evaluation tools of education outcomes are sparse and heterogeneous. Future research is encouraged to explore this under-researched topic, amid increasing interest in the use of simulation in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Wong
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, UK
| | - Ross Kenny
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Gianluca Colucci
- Department of General Surgery, Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Worthing Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, UK
- Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK
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Ajjawi R, Bearman M, Molloy E, Noble C. The role of feedback in supporting trainees who underperform in clinical environments. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1121602. [PMID: 37181376 PMCID: PMC10167016 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Underperformance in clinical environments can be costly and emotional for all stakeholders. Feedback is an important pedagogical strategy for working with underperformance - both formal and informal strategies can make a difference. Feedback is a typical feature of remediation programs, and yet there is little consensus on how feedback should unfold in the context of underperformance. Methods This narrative review synthesises literature at the intersections of feedback and underperformance in clinical environments where service, learning and safety need to be considered. We do so with a critical eye towards generating insights for working with underperformance in the clinical environment. Synthesis and discussion There are compounding and multi-level factors that contribute to underperformance and subsequent failure. This complexity overwrites simplistic notions of 'earned' failure through individual traits and deficit. Working with such complexity requires feedback that goes beyond educator input or 'telling'. When we shift beyond feedback as input to process, we recognise that these processes are fundamentally relational, where trust and safety are necessary for trainees to share their weaknesses and doubts. Emotions are always present and they signal action. Feedback literacy might help us consider how to engage trainees with feedback so that they take an active (autonomous) role in developing their evaluative judgements. Finally, feedback cultures can be influential and take effort to shift if at all. A key mechanism running through all these considerations of feedback is enabling internal motivation, and creating conditions for trainees to feel relatedness, competence and autonomy. Broadening our perceptions of feedback, beyond telling, might help create environments for learning to flourish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Ajjawi
- Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret Bearman
- Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Molloy
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christy Noble
- Academy for Medical Education, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Tjin A, Traynor A, Doyle B, Mulhall C, Eppich W, O’Toole M. Turning to 'Trusted Others': A Narrative Review of Providing Social Support to First Responders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16492. [PMID: 36554368 PMCID: PMC9778548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
First responders, such as paramedics and firefighters, encounter duty-related traumatic exposures, which can lead to post-traumatic stress (PTS). Although social support protects against PTS, we know little about how first responders' families, spouses/partners, friends, and care-partners (i.e., 'trusted others') provide social support. This narrative review explores support behaviors, coping strategies, and resources trusted others use to support first responders. A structured literature search yielded 24 articles. We used House's (1981) conceptual framework to inform our analysis. We identified three main themes: providing support, finding support, and support needs. Additionally, we describe trusted others' self-reported preparedness, coping strategies, and barriers to providing social support. We found that trusted others provided different types of support: (a) emotional (fostering a safe space, giving autonomy over recovery, facilitating coping mechanisms, prioritizing first responders' emotional needs); (b) instrumental (prioritizing first responders' practical needs, handling household tasks, supporting recovery); (c) appraisal (active monitoring, verbal reassurance, positive reframing), and (d) informational (seeking informal learning). In their role, trusted others sought formal (organizational) and informal (peer and personal) support and resources, alongside intrapersonal and interpersonal coping strategies. Identified barriers include inadequate communication skills, maladaptive coping, and disempowering beliefs. Thus, we offer practical, treatment, and social support recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Sukhera
- Javeed Sukhera, MD, PhD, FRCPC, is, Chair/Chief, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Living and Hartford Hospital
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