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Sasaki R, Asami T, Takaishi M, Nakamura R, Roppongi T, Yoshimi A, Hishimoto A. Smaller hypothalamic subregion with paraventricular nucleus in patients with panic disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-023-00834-x. [PMID: 38376715 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In panic disorder (PD), functional disturbance of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been considered. However, in neuroimaging studies of PD, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are poorly studied.We investigated the volume of PD patients' hypothalamus and pituitary gland, enrolling 38 PD patients and 38 healthy controls. Severity of PD was mild to moderate according to the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, and the illness duration was relatively short (median = 2.8 years). The hypothalamus' gray matter was automatically extracted and segmented, whereas the pituitary gland was manually traced. Regarding the hypothalamus, the paraventricular nucleus (PVH), which produces the corticotropin-releasing hormone, was of interest.The volumes of the pituitary and the bilateral anterior-superior hypothalamic subunits, where the PVH would be located, were compared by the multiple regression analyses controlling for age and intracranial content volume. To compensate for limitation in the abovementioned segmentation and analyses, the voxel-based morphometry with small volume correction (VBM-SVC) targeting the whole hypothalamus was also performed.The multiple regression analyses did not find significant effect of PD diagnosis on the volumes. However, in the VBM-SVC analysis, volume reduction of the PVH was suggested in PD even when patients who experienced PD for ≥ 3 years were excluded [peak coordinate (x, y, z = -2, 3, -8), FWE-corrected P = .022 (cluster-level) and 0.003 (peak-level), voxel size = 63]. Our results suggested structural alteration of the PVH in PD patients for the first time, indicating importance of the HPA-axis in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Asami
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masao Takaishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohide Roppongi
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asuka Yoshimi
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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The Morphology of the Pituitary Gland: A Meta-Analysis with Implications for Diagnostic Imaging. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010089. [PMID: 36672070 PMCID: PMC9856875 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to present transparent data on the morphology of the pituitary gland (PG) using the available data in the literature. The main online medical databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched to gather all relevant studies regarding PG morphology. The mean overall volume of the PG was found to be 597.23 mm3 (SE = 28.81). The mean overall height of the PG was established to be 5.64 mm (SE = 0.11). The mean overall length of the PG was found to be 9.98 mm (SE = 0.26). In the present study, the PG's overall morphology and morphometric features were analyzed. Our results showed that, on average, females from Asia have the highest volume of PG (706.69 mm3), and males from Europe have the lowest (456.42 mm3). These values are crucial to be aware of because they represent the normal average properties of the PG, which may be used as reference points when trying to diagnose potential pathologies of this gland. Furthermore, the present study's results prove how the PG's size decreases with age. The results of the present study may be helpful for physicians, especially surgeons, performing procedures on the PG.
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Liang HB, Dong L, Cui Y, Wu J, Tang W, Du X, Liu JR. Significant Structural Alterations and Functional Connectivity Alterations of Cerebellar Gray Matter in Patients With Somatic Symptom Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:816435. [PMID: 35350558 PMCID: PMC8957795 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.816435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have revealed a strong association between the cerebellum and psychiatric disorders. However, the structural changes in the cerebellar regions and functional connectivity (FC) patterns in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) have not been elucidated. Methods Thirty-seven patients with SSD (29 drug-naive and 8 medicated patients) and 37 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The spatially unbiased infratentorial (SUIT) cerebellar atlas-based voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the changes in cerebellar regional gray matter (GM). Seed-based FC was further computed to explore the pattern of abnormal FC across the whole brain. Correlations were calculated to investigate the relationship between cerebellar structural (and FC) changes and clinical characteristics. Results After controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, medication, and mean FD covariates, all patients with SSD had increased mean GM volume (GMV) in the posterior lobules of the cerebellum bilaterally when compared with HCs, specifically, in the bilateral cerebellar crura I and II. Patients with SSD showed significantly stronger FC between the right crura I and II and bilateral precuneus inferior parietal region, and postcentral gyrus, extending to the superior parietal lobe, cingulate gyrus, and the white matter subgyral. In addition to the two clusters, right lingual gyrus was also a surviving cluster with significantly higher FC. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the degree of regional GMV increases in the two significant clusters and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score was negatively correlated. Moreover, the FC of right crura I and II with the left parietal lobe and right lingual gyrus were also negatively associated with the HAMD score. Conclusions SSD exhibited significant microstructural changes and changes in FC pattern in the posterior cerebellar lobe. These results shed new light on the psychological and neural substrates of SSD and may serve as a potential treatment target for SSD based on the cerebellar area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Bin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liao Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Du,
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jian-Ren Liu,
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Koç M, Mermi O, Aslan S, Atmaca M. Pituitary Volume in Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2022; 32:28-32. [PMID: 38764895 PMCID: PMC11099631 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2022.21239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are no volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies on the pituitary gland in individuals with social anxiety disorder. The present study aimed to investigate pituitary volume in individuals with social anxiety disorder compared to healthy controls due to the correlation between pituitary gland volume and stress response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothesized that pituitary gland volume would be different in these individuals. Methods In this study, 21 individuals with social anxiety disorder based on fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and 20 healthy controls were included. Both patient and control groups were scanned with a 1.5-Tesla General Electric (GE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. Pituitary volume was measured with the manual tracing method. Results The statistical analysis revealed that the mean pituitary gland volume of the individuals with social anxiety disorder was significantly smaller when compared to that of healthy controls, statistically, as presented inTable 1 [594.10±104.56 mm3 for individuals with social anxiety disorder and 818.01±215.25 mm3 for healthy controls] when it was done by using the analysis of covariance controlled for age (F = 12.979, df = 1, P < .001), sex (F = 11.448, df = 1, P < .001), and total brain volume (F = 10.772, df = 1, P < .001), demonstrating that smaller pituitary volume in social anxiety disorder, when compared to healthy subjects, was an important finding independent of age, sex, or total brain volume. Conclusion We suggest that social anxiety disorder may be associated with smaller pituitary volume, supporting the notion that anxiety itself could reduce the pituitary volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Koç
- Department of Radiology, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Osman Mermi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Murad Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
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Park HY, Jang YE, Sunwoo L, Yoon IY, Park B. A Longitudinal Study on Attenuated Structural Covariance in Patients With Somatic Symptom Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:817527. [PMID: 35656354 PMCID: PMC9152139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate altered regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and structural covariance related to somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and longitudinal changes after treatment. Additionally, this study examined the relationships of structural alteration with its phenotypic subtypes. METHODS Forty-three unmedicated patients with SSD and thirty normal controls completed psychological questionnaires and neurocognitive tests, as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry and structural covariances were compared between groups and between subgroups within the SSD group. After 6 months of treatment, SSD patients were followed up for assessments. RESULTS Patients with SSD exhibited attenuated structural covariances in the pallidal-cerebellar circuit (FDR < 0.05-0.1), as well as regions in the default mode and sensorimotor network (FDR < 0.2), compared to normal controls. The cerebellar rGMVs were negatively correlated with the severity of somatic symptoms. In subgroup analyses, patients with somatic pain showed denser structural covariances between the bilateral superior temporal pole and left angular gyrus, the left middle temporal pole and left angular gyrus, and the left amygdala and right inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, while patients with headache and dizziness had greater structural covariance between the right inferior temporal gyrus and right cerebellum (FDR < 0.1-0.2). After 6 months of treatment, patients showed improved symptoms, however there was no significant structural alteration. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that attenuated structural covariance may link to dysfunctional brain network and vulnerability to SSD; they also suggested that specific brain regions and networks may contribute to different subtypes of SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Eun Jang
- Human Rights Center, Hyupsung University, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Leonard Sunwoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
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Heshmati R, Azmoodeh S, Caltabiano ML. Pathway Linking Different Types of Childhood Trauma to Somatic Symptoms in a Subclinical Sample of Female College Students: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:497-504. [PMID: 34170858 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Research has shown that women are more prone to childhood trauma and this state is associated with somatic symptoms. Also, people who have been exposed to traumatic experiences use experiential avoidance to reduce negative emotions. However, the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between childhood trauma and somatic symptoms is not clear, so, the present study investigated whether the relationships among different types of childhood trauma and somatic symptoms could be explained by experiential avoidance in female college students. In a cross-sectional study, 251 Iranian female college students with somatic symptoms were recruited from the University of Tabriz. Participants completed self-report scales, including the Persian version of Child Abuse Self-Reported Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Patient-health questionnaire (PHQ-15). A path analysis was used to empirically explore the relationships. Structural equation modeling analyses confirmed a partial mediation model. Study participants who had a higher level of emotional trauma reported higher levels of somatic symptoms. Emotional and neglect trauma showed significant positive relations with experiential avoidance. Bootstrapping results showed that experiential avoidance partially mediated the relationship between emotional trauma and somatic symptoms. Moreover, the association between neglect and somatic symptoms was fully mediated by experiential avoidance. These findings suggest that experiential avoidance might be one mechanism explaining how adverse emotional and neglect experiences influence somatic symptoms. Interventions addressing experiential avoidance through methods such as emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness are discussed as potential future directions for treating somatic symptoms in females who experienced emotional and neglect trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Heshmati
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz
| | - Shahin Azmoodeh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marie L Caltabiano
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
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Mermi O, Baykara S, Yildirim H, Atmaca M. 1HMRS in the Hippocampus of the Female Patients with Conversion Disorder. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2021; 58:99-102. [PMID: 34188590 PMCID: PMC8214745 DOI: 10.29399/npa.25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously, we found a lower NAA (N-acetyl aspartate)/CRE (creatine) ratio in conversion disorder patients, when compared to healthy controls. In this context, the present study was designed to determine the changes in hippocampal NAA, CHO (choline), and CRE values in conversion disorder female patients, which has similar symptom basement and hypothesize that the patients with conversion disorder would have also changed neurochemicals in their hippocampal regions. METHOD Twenty female patients and healthy controls were included in the study. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) method was used to determine the NAA/CHO, NAA/CRE, and CHO/CRE ratios. RESULTS The data were analyzed via age-controlled General Linear Model and it was found that the ratio of NAA/CHO was significantly lower in conversion disorder female patients when compared to healthy controls. However, NAA/CRE or CHO/CRE ratios were similar for conversion disorder patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION It was concluded that conversion disorder female patients might have reduced NAA/CHO ratio which implicates reduced neuronal viability, possibly related to anxiety and indirectly to somatoform symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mermi
- Fırat University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Sema Baykara
- Fırat University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Hanefi Yildirim
- Fırat University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Murad Atmaca
- Fırat University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ, Turkey
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Rossetti MG, Delvecchio G, Calati R, Perlini C, Bellani M, Brambilla P. Structural neuroimaging of somatoform disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:66-78. [PMID: 33359097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been an increment in neuroimaging research in somatoform disorders (SD), to date little is known about the neural correlates of these diseases. Therefore, in this systematic, review we aimed at summarizing the existing evidence of structural brain alterations in SD as per DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. Three electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched. Only case-control studies using structural neuroimaging were included. Forty-five out of 369 articles fulfilled inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Compared to controls, subjects with SD showed morphological alterations encompassing motor, limbic and somatosensory circuits. Although far from being conclusive, the results suggested that SD are characterized by selective alterations of large-scale brain networks implicated in cognitive control, emotion regulation and processing, stress and somatic-visceral perception. This review highlights the need for further multimodal neuroimaging studies with longitudinal designs, in larger and better-characterized samples, to elucidate the temporal and causal relationship between neuroanatomical changes and SD, which is paramount for informing tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; USD Clinical Psychology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Italy; UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy.
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Changes in brain glucose metabolism and connectivity in somatoform disorders: an 18F-FDG PET study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:881-891. [PMID: 31720787 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatoform disorders (SFD) are defined as a syndrome characterized by somatic symptoms which cannot be explained by organic reasons. Chronic or recurrent forms of somatization lead to heavy emotional and financial burden to the patients and their families. However, the underlying etiology of SFD is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changed brain glucose metabolic pattern in SFD. In this study, 18 SFD patients and 21 matched healthy controls were enrolled and underwent an 18F-FDG PET scan. First, we explored the altered brain glucose metabolism in SFD. Then, we calculated the mean 18F-FDG uptake values for 90 AAL regions, and detected the changed brain metabolic connectivity between the most significantly changed regions and all other regions. In addition, the Pearson coefficients between the neuropsychological scores and regional brain 18F-FDG uptake values were computed for SFD patients. We found that SFD patients showed extensive hypometabolism in bilateral superolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and regions in bilateral temporal gyrus, right angular gyrus, left gyrus rectus, right fusiform gyrus, right rolandic operculum and bilateral occipital gyrus. The metabolic connectivity between right insula and prefrontal areas, as well as within prefrontal areas was enhanced in SFD. And several brain regions were associated with the somatic symptoms, including insula, putamen, middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal gyrus and orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus. Our study revealed widespread alterations of the brain glucose metabolic pattern in SFD patients. Those findings might elucidate the neuronal mechanisms with glucose metabolism and shed light on the pathology of SFD.
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Zhao J, Su Q, Liu F, Zhang Z, Yang R, Guo W, Zhao J. Enhanced Connectivity of Thalamo-Cortical Networks in First-Episode, Treatment-Naive Somatization Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:555836. [PMID: 33061917 PMCID: PMC7518236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctions of the thalamus and its projections to cortical cortices have been implicated in patient with somatization disorder (SD). However, changes in the anatomical specificity of thalamo-cortical functional connectivity (FC) in SD remain unclear. METHODS Resting-state fMRI scans were collected in 25 first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD, as well as 28 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls. We parcellated the thalamus with seven predefined regions of interest (ROIs) and used them as seeds to map whole-brain FC. Correlation analysis was conducted in the patients. RESULTS We found an increased pattern of thalamic ROI-cortex connectivity in patients with SD. Patients with SD demonstrated enhanced thalamic connectivity to the bilateral anterior/middle cingulum, motor/sensory cortex, visual cortex, and auditory cortex. A significantly negative correlation was found between the right occipital thalamic ROI to the anterior cingulum and EPQ extraversion scores (r=0.404, p=0.045) after the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that anatomical specificity of enhanced thalamo-cortical FCs exists in first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD. These findings further highlight the importance of the thalamic subregions in the pathophysiology of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qinji Su
- Mental Health Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Delvecchio G, Rossetti MG, Caletti E, Arighi A, Galimberti D, Basilico P, Mercurio M, Paoli R, Cinnante C, Triulzi F, Altamura AC, Scarpini E, Brambilla P. The Neuroanatomy of Somatoform Disorders: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019; 60:278-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Bègue I, Adams C, Stone J, Perez DL. Structural alterations in functional neurological disorder and related conditions: a software and hardware problem? Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101798. [PMID: 31146322 PMCID: PMC6484222 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional neurological (conversion) disorder (FND) is a condition at the interface of neurology and psychiatry. A "software" vs. "hardware" analogy describes abnormal neurobiological mechanisms occurring in the context of intact macroscopic brain structure. While useful for explanatory and treatment models, this framework may require more nuanced considerations in the context of quantitative structural neuroimaging findings in FND. Moreover, high co-occurrence of FND and somatic symptom disorders (SSD) as defined in DSM-IV (somatization disorder, somatoform pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatoform disorder; referred to as SSD for brevity in this article) raises the possibility of a partially overlapping pathophysiology. In this systematic review, we use a transdiagnostic approach to review and appraise the structural neuroimaging literature in FND and SSD. While larger sample size studies are needed for definitive characterization, this article highlights that individuals with FND and SSD may exhibit sensorimotor, prefrontal, striatal-thalamic, paralimbic, and limbic structural alterations. The structural neuroimaging literature is contextualized within the neurobiology of stress-related neuroplasticity, gender differences, psychiatric comorbidities, and the greater spectrum of functional somatic disorders. Future directions that could accelerate the characterization of the pathophysiology of FND and DSM-5 SSD are outlined, including "disease staging" discussions to contextualize subgroups with or without structural changes. Emerging neuroimaging evidence suggests that some individuals with FND and SSD may have a "software" and "hardware" problem, although if structural alterations are present the neural mechanisms of functional disorders remain distinct from lesional neurological conditions. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether structural alterations relate to predisposing vulnerabilities or consequences of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrit Bègue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin Adams
- Functional Neurology Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Inpatient Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Stone
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David L Perez
- Functional Neurology Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Zhao J, Su Q, Liu F, Zhang Z, Li R, Zhu F, Wu R, Zhao J, Guo W. Regional white matter volume abnormalities in first-episode somatization disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 133:12-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Atmaca M, Yildirim H, Yilmaz S, Caglar N, Baykara S, Kekilli Y, Koseoglu F, Turkcapar H. Pituitary gland volumes in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 40:420-423. [PMID: 29898196 PMCID: PMC6899379 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The beneficial effects of psychopharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the brain are not well understood. In a previous study, we found smaller pituitary volumes in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CBT on pituitary gland volume. METHODS A total of 81 patients with various anxiety disorders and the same number of healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and their pituitary gland volumes were compared at baseline. Pituitary gland volumes were also measured before and after CBT in the patient group. RESULTS OCD patients had smaller pituitary gland volumes at baseline than healthy controls (0.54±0.29 cm3 for OCD patients vs. 0.82±0.30 cm3 for healthy controls; p < 0.001). We found no significant changes in OCD patient pituitary gland volume after the 16-week treatment period, with mean pre- and post-treatment values of 0.54±0.29 cm3 and 0.56±0.32 cm3, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate an absence of post-CBT volumetric changes in the pituitary gland of OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hanefi Yildirim
- Department of Radiology, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seda Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Caglar
- Department of Psychiatry, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Yasemin Kekilli
- Yildirim Beyazit Dışkapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hakan Turkcapar
- Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li R, Liu F, Su Q, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu R, Zhao J, Guo W. Bidirectional Causal Connectivity in the Cortico-Limbic-Cerebellar Circuit Related to Structural Alterations in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Somatization Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:162. [PMID: 29755373 PMCID: PMC5932337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anatomical and functional deficits in the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit are involved in the neurobiology of somatization disorder (SD). The present study was performed to examine causal connectivity of the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit related to structural deficits in first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD at rest. Methods: A total of 25 first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD and 28 healthy controls underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry and Granger causality analysis (GCA) were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that patients with SD exhibited decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the right cerebellum Crus I, and increased GMV in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and left angular gyrus. Causal connectivity of the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit was partly affected by structural alterations in the patients. Patients with SD showed bidirectional cortico-limbic connectivity abnormalities and bidirectional cortico-cerebellar and limbic-cerebellar connectivity abnormalities. The mean GMV of the right MFG was negatively correlated with the scores of the somatization subscale of the symptom checklist-90 and persistent error response of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in the patients. A negative correlation was observed between increased driving connectivity from the right MFG to the right fusiform gyrus/cerebellum IV, V and the scores of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire extraversion subscale. The mean GMV of the left ACC was negatively correlated with the WCST number of errors and persistent error response. Negative correlation was found between the causal effect from the left ACC to the right middle temporal gyrus and the scores of WCST number of categories achieved. Conclusions: Our findings show the partial effects of structural alterations on the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit in first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD. Correlations are observed between anatomical alterations or causal effects and clinical variables in patients with SD, and bear clinical significance. The present study emphasizes the importance of the cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit in the neurobiology of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinji Su
- Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Guo W, Liu F, Chen J, Wu R, Li L, Zhang Z, Chen H, Zhao J. Anatomical distance affects cortical-subcortical connectivity in first-episode, drug-naive somatization disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:153-158. [PMID: 28411503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain structural and functional alterations in the cortical-subcortical circuits have been observed in somatization disorder (SD). However, whether and how anatomical distance affects the cortical-subcortical connectivity in SD remain unclear. This study aims to examine whether anatomical distance affects the cortical-subcortical in first-episode, drug-naive SD. METHODS Twenty-five first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD and twenty-eight healthy controls were recruited for a resting-state scan. Regional functional connectivity strength (FCS) was calculated for each voxel in the brain, which was further divided into short- and long-range FCSs. Correlation analyses were conducted between abnormal FCS and clinical/cognitive variables in the patients. RESULTS Compared with the controls, the patients showed increased short-range positive FCS (spFCS) in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and decreased spFCS in the left pallidum, and increased long-range positive FCS (lpFCS) in the left middle frontal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Positive correlations were observed between the spFCS values in the right SFG and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire psychoticism scores (r=0.441, p=0.027, uncorrected) and between the lpFCS values in the right ITG and scores of digit symbol-coding of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (r=0.416, p=0.039, uncorrected) in the patients CONCLUSIONS: The patients exhibited increased spFCS/lpFCS in the cortical regions and decreased spFCS in the subcortical regions. The left pallidum is first reported here to show decreased spFCS in SD. The present results suggest that abnormal cortical-subcortical circuits may play an important role in SD neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Atmaca M, Ozer O, Korkmaz S, Taskent I, Yildirim H. Evidence for the changes of pituitary volumes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 260:49-52. [PMID: 28013068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In pubertal and postpubertal patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), significantly greater pituitary gland volumes have been reported. Moving from this point, in the present study, we aimed to investigate pituitary gland volumes in patients with PTSD and hypothesized that volumes of the gland would be structurally changed. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland was performed among sixteen patients with PTSD and fifteen healthy control subjects. We found that the mean volume of the pituitary gland was statistically significant and smaller than that of healthy subjects (0.69±0.08cm3 for patient group and 0.83±0.21 for control subjects). Consequently, in the present study, we found that patients with PTSD had smaller pituitary gland volumes than those of healthy controls like other anxiety disorders. It is important to provide support for this finding in future longitudinal investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Atmaca
- Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Omer Ozer
- Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sevda Korkmaz
- Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ismail Taskent
- Firat University School of Medicine Department of Radiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hanefi Yildirim
- Firat University School of Medicine Department of Radiology, Elazig, Turkey
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18
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Boeckle M, Schrimpf M, Liegl G, Pieh C. Neural correlates of somatoform disorders from a meta-analytic perspective on neuroimaging studies. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:606-613. [PMID: 27182487 PMCID: PMC4857221 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatoform disorders (SD) are common medical disorders with prevalence rates between 3.5% and 18.4%, depending on country and medical setting. SD as outlined in the ICD-10 exhibits various biological, social, and psychological pathogenic factors. Little is known about the neural correlates of SD. The aims of this meta-analysis are to identify neuronal areas that are involved in SD and consistently differ between patients and healthy controls. We conducted a systematic literature research on neuroimaging studies of SD. Ten out of 686 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using activation likelihood estimation. Five neuronal areas differ between patients with SD and healthy controls namely the premotor and supplementary motor cortexes, the middle frontal gyrus, the anterior cingulate cortex, the insula, and the posterior cingulate cortex. These areas seem to have a particular importance for the occurrence of SD. Out of the ten studies two did not contribute to any of the clusters. Our results seem to largely overlap with the circuit network model of somatosensory amplification for SD. It is conceivable that functional disorders, independent of the clinical impression, show similar neurobiological processes. While overlaps do occur it is necessary to understand single functional somatic syndromes and their aetiology for future research, terminology, and treatment guidelines. Five neurobiological areas correlate with the occurrence of somatoform disorders (SD). Areas are crucial for emotional, evaluative and cognitive aspects of pain processing. Prefrontal areas indicate involvement of pain memory in SD. Functional disorders might have central sensitization as an underlying factor. Results do not support the classification of SD as medically unexplained symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Boeckle
- Department of Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Donau-Universität Krems, Krems, Austria.
| | - Marlene Schrimpf
- Department of Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Donau-Universität Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Gregor Liegl
- Department of Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Donau-Universität Krems, Krems, Austria; Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department of Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Donau-Universität Krems, Krems, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Wei S, Su Q, Jiang M, Liu F, Yao D, Dai Y, Long L, Song Y, Yu M, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Guo W. Abnormal default-mode network homogeneity and its correlations with personality in drug-naive somatization disorder at rest. J Affect Disord 2016; 193:81-8. [PMID: 26771948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the default-mode network (DMN) appears to play a crucial role in patients suffering from somatization disorder (SD), the abnormalities of the network homogeneity (NH) of the DMN in SD patients have been poorly explored. The aim of this study is to examine DMN NH using an NH approach in patients suffering from SD at rest and determine its correlations with personality as measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). METHODS A total of 25 drug-naive patients with SD and 28 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at rest. The data were analyzed by an automated NH method. RESULTS Patients showed increased NH in the left superior frontal gyrus and decreased NH in the bilateral precuneus. Moreover, a significantly negative correlation was observed between the NH values in the bilateral precuneus and the EPQ--Neuroticism scores. LIMITATIONS The present study should be considered preliminary due to a lenient, uncorrected threshold of p<0.01. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that abnormal DMN NH exists in drug-naive SD and further highlight the importance of the DMN in the pathophysiology of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubao Wei
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qinji Su
- Mental Health Institute, The 303rd Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Muliang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Dapeng Yao
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Liling Long
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yan Song
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Miaoyu Yu
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Atmaca M, Karakoc T, Mermi O, Kilic F, Gurok MG, Yildirim H. Pituitary volumes of the patients with borderline personality disorder are not changed. Int J Psychiatry Med 2015; 49:237-44. [PMID: 26060257 DOI: 10.1177/0091217415589286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although it has important relationships with psychiatric symptoms via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, there have been limited investigations of pituitary neuroimaging in psychiatric disorder. Moreover, there have been no studies of borderline personality disorder. In the present investigation, we examined pituitary gland volumes in patients with borderline personality disorder. Seventeen right-handed female patients with borderline personality disorder, selected among the patients who had presented to Firat University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry outpatient and inpatient clinics, and the same number of healthy control subjects were included in the present investigation. Pituitary gland volumes were manually detected. The results demonstrated that the mean volumes of the gland of the patients with borderline personality disorder were not significantly different than those of healthy control subjects (mean volume of 0.79 cm3 in the patient group, with a value of SD±0.11 and 0.81 cm3 in the healthy control group, with a value of SD±0.23; t=-0.21; p>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Karakoc
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Osman Mermi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Faruk Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Hanefi Yildirim
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Neuroradiology Section, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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21
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Song Y, Su Q, Jiang M, Liu F, Yao D, Dai Y, Long L, Yu M, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xiao C, Guo W. Abnormal regional homogeneity and its correlations with personality in first-episode, treatment-naive somatization disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 97:108-12. [PMID: 26026373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural and functional abnormalities of the default mode network (DMN) and their correlations with personality have been found in somatization disorder (SD). However, no study is conducted to identify regional neural activity and its correlations with personality in SD. In this study, regional homogeneity (ReHo) was applied to explore whether abnormal regional neural activity is present in patients with SD and its correlations with personality measured by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). METHODS Twenty-five first-episode, treatment-naive patients with SD and 28 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls participated in the whole study. During the scanning, all subjects were instructed to lie still with their eyes closed and remain awake. A ReHo approach was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS The SD group had a significantly increased ReHo in the left angular gyrus (AG) compared to healthy controls. The increased ReHo positively correlated to the neuroticism scores of EPQ (EPQ-N). No other correlations were detected between the ReHo values and other related factors, such as symptom severity and education level. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that abnormal regional neural activity of the DMN may play a key role in SD with clinical implications and emphasize the importance of the DMN in the pathophysiological process of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qinji Su
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Muliang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Dapeng Yao
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Liling Long
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Miaoyu Yu
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Changqing Xiao
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Abstract
In this paper, it was reviewed neuroimaging results of the pituitary gland in psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders. The author made internet search in detail by using PubMed database including the period between 1980 and 2012 October. It was included in the articles in English, Turkish and French languages on pituitary gland in psychiatric disorders through structural or functional neuroimaging results. After searching mentioned in the Methods section in detail, investigations were obtained on pituitary gland neuroimaging in a variety of psychiatric disorders. There have been so limited investigations on pituitary neuroimaging in psychiatric disorders including major psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia and mood disorders. Current findings are so far from the generalizability of the results. For this reason, it is required to perform much more neuroimaging studies of pituitary gland in all psychiatric disorders to reach the diagnostic importance of measuring it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey,
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