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Lewi A, Bonnaire C. Mediating Effect of Perceived Personal Luck in the Relationship Between Narcissism and Problem Gambling in Strategic Gamblers: An Exploratory Study. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10360-0. [PMID: 39356409 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Gambling is becoming increasingly frequent among the French population, which has led to an increased number of individuals exhibiting problematic gambling patterns. Studies have found links between narcissism and cognitive distortions in relation to problem gambling, specifically among strategic gamblers, but none has tested perceived personal luck as one type of cognitive distortion in this regard. This study's purpose was to explore the relationship between narcissism, perceived personal luck and problem gambling among strategic gamblers, and to test for the mediating role of perceived personal luck in the relationship between narcissism and problem gambling. A total of 88 regular strategic gamblers were included (mean age = 37.8), with 49 non-problematic gamblers and 39 problematic gamblers. Participants completed the Problematic Gambling Severity Index, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and the Personal Luck Usage Scale. Results showed a significant relationship between narcissism and problem gambling, but no significant link between perceived personal luck and problem gambling and no significant mediation effect of perceived personal luck. These results may indicate a strong perception of personal skills compared to a weak perception of personal luck among problem gamblers of strategic games. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing types of gambling and types of cognitive distortions when investigating problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewi
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Céline Bonnaire
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
- Centre de Soins d'Accompagnement et de Prévention en Addictologie Pierre Nicole, Croix-Rouge Française, 75005, Paris, France.
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Moreau A, Chauchard É, Sévigny S, Giroux I. Tilt in Online Poker: Loss of Control and Gambling Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5013. [PMID: 32668576 PMCID: PMC7400001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Online poker is a form of gambling where an element of skill may influence the outcome of the game. 'Tilt' in poker describes an episode during which the player can no longer control their game by rational decisions. It leads to a loss of control over the game, a loss of emotional regulation, higher cognitive distortion, and a loss of money. This phenomenon, experienced by most players, could be the gateway to excessive gambling. The aim of this study was to assess the links between the frequency of tilt episodes, cognitive distortion, anxiety, depression, sensation seeking and excessive online poker gambling. Our sample is composed of 291 online poker players, with a mean age of 33.8 years (SD = 10.6). Participants completed an online self-assessment questionnaire, measuring the frequency of tilt episodes, cognitive distortion, anxiety, depression and impulsivity. The findings indicated that the frequency of tilt episodes and cognitive distortion were the only significant predictors of excessive online gambling (respectively, r = 0.49 and r = 0.20). Tilt frequency and cognitive distortion were strongly correlated (GRCS, r = 0.60), moderate to low correlations were found for tilt and anxiety (HADS, r = 0.40), and positive and negative urgency (UPPS, r = 0.27). To date, tilt has seldom been studied, and could improve our understanding of online poker gamblers. It could be a new means of identifying at risk gamblers, and thus facilitating preventive measures specifically adapted to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Moreau
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Québec, QC G1V 0A6Q, Canada;
- Institut Universitaire sur les Dépendances, Montréal, QC H2M 2E8, Canada
| | - Émeline Chauchard
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Serge Sévigny
- Département des Fondements et Pratiques en Éducation, Faculté des Sciences de L’éducation, Pavillon des Sciences de L’éducation, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Québec, QC G1V 0A6Q, Canada;
- Institut Universitaire sur les Dépendances, Montréal, QC H2M 2E8, Canada
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Hamel A, Bastien C, Jacques C, Moreau A, Giroux I. Sleep or Play Online Poker?: Gambling Behaviors and Tilt Symptoms While Sleep Deprived. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:600092. [PMID: 33505324 PMCID: PMC7829254 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Online poker has the convenience of being accessible 24/7 allowing a large proportion of players to gamble at night. Although some studies postulate a bi-directional relationship between excessive online poker playing and sleep disturbances, sleep has yet to be studied as a primary outcome variable in online poker studies. Sleep deprivation has been linked to alterations in emotional regulation, decision-making, and risk-taking behaviors. All of which are known to induce episodes of tilt. Conversely, online poker playing during regular sleep hours may interfere with sleep quality. The objectives of the present study are (a) to explore the effects of sleep deprivation on tilt symptoms and gambling behaviors and (b) to assess whether playing an online poker session shortly before bedtime (120 min) influences the player's sleep quality. Sleeping habits, tilt symptoms, and online poker behaviors of 23 regular online poker players (22 men, 1 woman) were monitored daily for 28 days using questionnaires and hand histories. Tilt and gambling behaviors during online poker sessions (n = 588) played while the player was sleep-deprived were compared to sessions played while not sleep-deprived. Different sleep variables were also compared for sessions (n = 897) played 2 h before bedtime to no sessions played before sleep. Sleep-deprived poker sessions revealed higher emotional and behavioral tilt, a higher number of hands played and unfavorable financial results than at-rest sessions. Also, emotional and behavioral tilt was higher when alcohol was consumed. Sessions played 2 h before bedtime revealed a shorter sleep onset latency than when no sessions were played before bedtime. Post-hoc mixed regression analyses revealed that emotional and behavioral tilt is associated with shorter total sleep time and shorter sleep onset latency, while cognitive tilt is associated with a decrease in sleep efficiency. This study is the first to specifically explore sleep variables with online poker players within an ecological study design. The findings shed light on the daily impacts of nighttime online gambling practices. Future studies are needed to further explore the interaction between subjective and objective sleep variables and online gambling habits as well as investigate players' motives for playing while sleep deprived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Hamel
- Centre québécois d'excellence pour la prévention et le traitement du jeu (CQEPTJ), École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Célyne Bastien
- Laboratoire de neurosciences humaines comportementales - Sommeil et Potentiels Évoqués (SPEC), École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Jacques
- Centre québécois d'excellence pour la prévention et le traitement du jeu (CQEPTJ), École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Axelle Moreau
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Institut universitaire sur les dépendances, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Centre québécois d'excellence pour la prévention et le traitement du jeu (CQEPTJ), École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Moreau A, Sévigny S, Giroux I, Chauchard E. Ability to Discriminate Online Poker Tilt Episodes: A New Way to Prevent Excessive Gambling? J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:699-711. [PMID: 31679089 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tilt is a very common term in online poker players' vocabulary, it describes a state where the player is no longer able to make rational decisions because they are overwhelmed by strong emotions. This study aims to explore the relation existing between the frequency of Tilt episodes, the player's perception of these episodes and excessive gambling in online poker. The sample is composed of 291 adult French-speaking online poker players. All participants completed an online self-assessment questionnaire. The results of the classification analysis showed that the sample could be divided into three groups. The first group, named ''players in control'' included low excessive gambling tendencies with low perceived and measured Tilt frequencies. The two other groups showed high measured tilt levels, with perceived tilt levels that were different from the measured levels. Furthermore, these two groups present a moderate usage risk of developing an excessive gambling tendency in a money-based game of chance. These results show the existence of a relation between the player's capacity to perceive tilt and the online poker player's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Moreau
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Institut Universitaire sur les Dépendances, 950 Rue De Louvain Est, Montréal, QC, H2M 2E8, Canada.
| | - Serge Sévigny
- Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Pavillon des Sciences de l'éducation, 2320 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institut Universitaire sur les Dépendances, 950 Rue De Louvain Est, Montréal, QC, H2M 2E8, Canada
| | - Emeline Chauchard
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, 1 quai de Tourville, BP 13522, 44035, Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Dufour M, Morvannou A, Brunelle N, Kairouz S, Laverdière É, Nadeau L, Berbiche D, Roy É. Gambling Problem Trajectories and Associated Individuals Risk Factors: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study Among Poker Players. J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:355-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chrétien M, Giroux I, Goulet A, Jacques C, Bouchard S. Cognitive restructuring of gambling-related thoughts: A systematic review. Addict Behav 2017; 75:108-121. [PMID: 28728039 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gamblers' thoughts have a fundamental influence on their gambling problem. Cognitive restructuring is the intervention of choice to correct those thoughts. However, certain difficulties are noted in the application of cognitive restructuring techniques and the comprehension of their guidelines. Furthermore, the increase of skill game players (e.g. poker) entering treatment creates a challenge for therapists, as these gamblers present with different thoughts than those of the gamblers usually encountered in treatment (e.g. chance-only games like electronic gambling machines). This systematic review aims to describe how cognitive restructuring is carried out with gamblers based on the evidence available in empirical studies that include cognitive interventions for gambling. Of the 2607 studies collected, 39 were retained. The results highlight exposure as the most frequently used technique to facilitate identification of gambling-related thoughts (imaginal=28.2%; in vivo=10.3%). More than half of the studies (69.2%) clearly reported therapeutic techniques aimed to correct gamblers' thoughts, of which 37% involved visual support to challenge those thoughts (e.g. ABC log). Of the 39 studies retained, 48.7% included skill game players (i.e., poker, blackjack, sports betting) in their sample. However, none of these studies mentioned whether cognitive restructuring had been adapted for these gamblers. Several terms referring to gamblers' thoughts were used interchangeably (e.g. erroneous, dysfunctional or inadequate thoughts), although each of these terms could refer to specific content. Clinical implications of the results are discussed with regard to the needs of therapists. This review also suggests recommendations for future research.
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