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Umeh OD, Chegwe S, Utomi IL. An evaluation of cephalometric predictors of anterior open bite; An assessment of dental and skeletal parameters in an orthodontic population. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:10. [PMID: 38516112 PMCID: PMC10953722 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_56_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior open bite (AOB) malocclusion is one of the highly challenging malocclusions. Cephalometric radiographs have been used for the diagnosis of occlusal anomalies in the vertical and anteroposterior directions. This study aims to compare skeletal and dental features in open and non-open bite subjects to identify factors that help predict and categorize open bites in a Nigerian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment cephalometric radiographs of 82 patients were recruited into this study. This study comprised 41 AOB patients and 41 (Class 1 malocclusion) patients (control group). The radiographs were obtained from the orthodontic unit, Department of Child Dental Health of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba Lagos. Cephalometric tracing and analysis of the obtained radiographs were used to identify and compare the skeletal and dental differences between the two groups. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 20.47 ± 8.05 years. The patients consisted of 26 (31.7%) males and 56 (68.3%) females. There was a significant difference in the open bite depth indicator (ODI) of the open bite (P value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the vertical skeletal parameters - lower facial height (LFH), total facial height (TFH), posterior facial height (PFH), Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), mandibular-maxillary angle (MMA), and gonial angle in the AOB group compared to the control group. The vertical height of the dentoalveolar segments measured was all significantly increased in the open bite group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the skeletal and dental vertical parameters, including ODI of the open bite subjects, varied compared with the non-open bite subjects in the Nigerian population studied and could be used to predict AOB tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye D. Umeh
- Department of Child Dental Health Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Chegwe
- Resident Doctor, Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma L. Utomi
- Department of Child Dental Health Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Golovachova E, Mikadze T, Kalandadze M. The prevalence of different types of occlusal relationships based on the type of terminal plane in primary dentition: a study among 3- to 6-year old children in Tbilisi, Georgia. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2022; 16:24-28. [PMID: 35936940 PMCID: PMC9339745 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Primary dentition takes the most important role in the development of permanent dentition. Primary second molars determine the eruption and position of permanent first molars. Early diagnosis and treatment could prevent the establishment of occlusal anomalies and deformities, therefore this study aimed to collect data about the prevalence of malocclusions based on the deciduous second molar terminal planes among the Tbilisi preschoolers. Methods. A total of 396 children aged 3-6 years, with an equal number of male and female subjects, were examined in kindergartens drawn from ten districts of Tbilisi, using the PPS (probability proportional to size) method. The relationship between distal surfaces of primary second molars was evaluated and recorded according to Baume’s classification. The significance level is 0.05 for all statistical tests. Results. Out of investigated preschoolers, 52.7% showed the flush terminal plane, followed by the distal step in 21.2% and mesial step in 26.1% of cases. There were no significant differences in genders. The most prevalent relationship between deciduous second molars was the flush terminal plane, with equal distribution in all age groups. The frequency of distal step decreased with age, more frequently recorded in the 3 to 4 year age group. The mesial step was mostly recorded in 3-4 and 5-6 year groups. Conclusion. The flush terminal plane is the most frequent molar relationship, followed by mesial and distal step. Prevalence of distal mesial step significantly decreased with age, while mesial step relationship showed the tendency to increase. The flush terminal plane showed little change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elene Golovachova
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tinatin Mikadze
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Manana Kalandadze
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Avrella MT, Zimmermann DR, Andriani JSP, Santos PS, Barasuol JC. Prevalence of anterior open bite in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 23:355-364. [PMID: 34767190 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anterior open bite is defined by the lack of incisal contact between the teeth in centric relation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior open in children and adolescents. METHODS This systematic review included a search in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. The acronym PECOS was considered: (P) children and adolescents, (E) presence of anterior open bite, (C) not applicable, (O) prevalence, and (S) observational studies. The risk of bias assessment was carried out using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. The prevalence meta-analyses were performed using MedCalc® software. The certainty of the evidence was determined with the GRADE approach. RESULTS 26 studies were included. Eleven studies were judged at low, seven at moderate, and eight at high risk of bias. The overall prevalence of anterior open bite was 16.52% (95% CI 12.34-21.17) in children and adolescents. The prevalence was 19.38% (95% CI 13.77-25.69) in South America. The prevalence of anterior open bite was 22.67% (95% CI 16.56-29.43) among females and 16.99% (95% CI 11.77-22.94) among males. The prevalence of anterior open bite was 18.84% (95% CI 13.88-24.38) in the primary dentition, and 14.26% (95% CI 7.67-22.46) in the mixed dentition. The overall certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of anterior open bite was 16.52% in children and adolescents aged 2-16 years. Giving the limitations of a prevalence meta-analysis, the extrapolation of the results should be cautious. REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020183162, 10 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Avrella
- Faculdade CNEC, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - J S P Andriani
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - P S Santos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - J C Barasuol
- Faculdade CNEC, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Mendes SDL, Ribeiro ILA, de Castro RD, Filgueiras VM, Ramos TB, Lacerda RHW. Risk factors for anterior open bite: A case-control study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020; 17:388-394. [PMID: 33343848 PMCID: PMC7737827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior open bite (AOB) is noteworthy because it is a complex dysplasia, and clinical studies on this malocclusion are usually epidemiological studies or experimental models with small samples and no control group, which renders the data on AOB incomplete and therefore inconclusive. The objective this study was to assess the risk factors involved in developing AOB. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was provided with a total of 96 lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female patients aged between 8 and 14 years were used, regardless of facial type. The dependent variable was the presence or absence of AOB, which divided the participants into case and control groups, respectively; these groups were matched for gender and age. The case and control groups data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential analysis by binary logistic regression using at the 5% significance level. RESULTS The occurrence of AOB was associated with the presence of deleterious oral habits (P = 0.014; Chi-square test) and was approximately three times (odds ratio = 3.04) more likely to occur in participants with AOB. No significant association between the presence of mouth breathing and the occurrence of AOB was found (P = 0.151; Chi-square test). The odds associated with tongue interposition were 10.51 times higher than those of participants with no such deglutition. The odds associated with the dolichofacial pattern were 5.74 times those of participants with a nondolichofacial pattern. CONCLUSION Tongue interposition and dolichocephalic facial pattern were risk factors for developing AOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen de Lima Mendes
- Brazilian Dental Association, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Isabella Lima Arrais Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil,Address for correspondence: Dr. Isabella Lima Arrais Ribeiro, University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Vitor Marques Filgueiras
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Tânia Braga Ramos
- Brazilian Dental Association, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena Wanderley Lacerda
- Brazilian Dental Association, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil,Graduate Program in Dentistry, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Medeiros R, Ximenes M, Massignan C, Flores-Mir C, Vieira R, Porporatti AL, De Luca Canto G. Malocclusion prevention through the usage of an orthodontic pacifier compared to a conventional pacifier: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:287-295. [PMID: 30054865 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This was to investigate the occurrence of malocclusion traits among children who were users of orthodontic or conventional pacifier by means of a systematic review. METHODS Search for articles involved five electronic databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), PsycINFO, PubMed (including MedLine), Scopus and Web of Science. Grey literature was partially assessed. Observational studies with children aged 6-60 months who had used orthodontic or conventional pacifier were included. The risk of bias among included studies was assessed through the Joanna Briggs Institute Tool. RESULTS From the 607 initially-identified papers only three were included after the selection process. All presented moderate risk of bias. Although an anterior open bite and accentuated overjet were identified among conventional users of pacifier in one study no differences were identified in the other two selected studies. Posterior crossbite frequency was not different in any of the included studies. There was also no difference regarding frequency and duration of use, except in the study that showed higher occurrence of open bite malocclusion in conventional pacifier users. CONCLUSIONS The currently available evidence is insufficient to support the concept that the usage of orthodontic pacifiers is able to prevent malocclusion traits when compared to the usage of conventional pacifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Medeiros
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M Ximenes
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - UNISUL, Cidade Universitária, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - C Massignan
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - C Flores-Mir
- University of Alberta, 5528 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Canada
| | - R Vieira
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - A L Porporatti
- Departamento de Odontologia, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - G De Luca Canto
- University of Alberta, 5528 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Canada.,Departamento de Odontologia, Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Campus Universitário, CCS-ODT-Trindade, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
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Gomes GB, Vieira-Andrade RG, Sousa RVD, Firmino RT, Paiva SM, Marques LS, Granville-Garcia AF. Association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion in Northeastern Brazilian preschoolers. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; 21:39-45. [PMID: 27409652 PMCID: PMC4944728 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.3.039-045.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Evidence is contradictory regarding the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion (anterior open bite and posterior crossbite) in preschoolers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 732 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old selected randomly from private and public preschools. Anterior open bite (AOB) and posterior crossbite (PC) were evaluated through a clinical exam. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic indicators and oronasopharyngeal issues. Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05). Results: The prevalences of AOB and PC were 21.0% and 11.6%, respectively. Being three years old (PR = 1.244; 95% CI = 1.110-1.394; p < 0.001), being four years old (PR = 1.144; 95% CI = 1.110 - 1.394; p = 0.015), absence of allergy (PR = 1.158; 95% CI = 1.057 - 1.269; p = 0.002), not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.152; 95% CI = 1.041 - 1.275; p = 0.006) and having a sore throat more than five times in the same year (PR = 1.118; 95% CI = 1.011 - 1.237; p = 0.030) were significantly associated with AOB. The absence of asthma (PR = 1.082; 95% CI = 1.012 - 1.156; p = 0.020), not having undergone throat surgery (PR = 1.112; 95% CI = 1.068 - 1.158; p < 0.001) and not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.114; 95% CI = 1.069 - 1.160; p < 0.001) remained associated with PC. Conclusion: Significant associations were found between oronasopharyngeal-reported abnormalities and the presence of AOB and PC in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genara Brum Gomes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Gonçalves Vieira-Andrade
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raulison Vieira de Sousa
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ramon Targino Firmino
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva Marques
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
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Momeni Danaei S, Faghihi F, Golkari A, Saki M. The impact of an educational pamphlet on the awareness of parents about 4‒6-year-old children's oral habits and dentofacial discrepancies. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016; 10:57-64. [PMID: 27092216 PMCID: PMC4831613 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2016.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to evaluate whether the parents’ knowledge about the adverse effects of oral habits and dentoskeletal discrepancies would improve by an educational pamphlet. Methods. A parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on parents in kindergartens of Shiraz, Iran, 2013. The parents completed a designed questionnaire to determine the pre-intervention score. The study group received an educational pamphlet on the oral habits and dentoskeletal discrepancies, in contrast to the control group. Three weeks later, the parents in both groups took the questionnaire again (post-intervention score). The primary outcome was a change in the parents’ knowledge about oral habits and dentoskeletal discrepancies, which was measured by 13 questions of the questionnaire. Each correct answer was given a positive point and each incorrect answer a negative point. The total pre- and post-intervention scores were calculated by summing up the points and compared using Mann–Whitney U test. Results. A total of 550 subjects were assessed for eligibility and 413 were randomized. Of the study group, 203 subjects (98.56%), and of the control group, 204 parents (98.54%) completed the questionnaire for the second time. The score of the study group in the "normal occlusion" section of the questionnaire had significantly improved (P < 0.001) and in the "oral habits" section the score of both groups had improved but in the study group the improvement was significantly higher (P < 0.001). Conclusion. The educational pamphlet can be effective in increasing the level of parents’ knowledge about normal occlusion and complications of oral habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Momeni Danaei
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Orthodontics Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faghihi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Golkari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saki
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Orthodontics Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wagner Y, Heinrich-Weltzien R. Occlusal characteristics in 3-year-old children--results of a birth cohort study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:94. [PMID: 26251128 PMCID: PMC4528377 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of this prospective study was to determine prevalence of malocclusion and associated risk factors in 3-year-old Thuringian children. METHODS Subjects (n = 377) were participants in a regional oral health programme, a birth cohort study with the aim to prevent caries (German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003438). Children received continuous dental care since birth. Occlusal characteristics (overjet, overbite, anterior open bite, canine relationship and posterior crossbite) were measured at the age of 3 years by one calibrated clinician using a vernier caliper (accuracy 0.1 mm; Münchner Modell 042-751-00, Germany). A regular parent survey was conducted to assess risk factors for development of malocclusion. RESULTS Three hundred seventy seven children (mean age 3.31 ± 0.70 years; 52.5% male) were examined. Children had a mean overjet of 2.4 ± 0.8 mm and the mean overbite was 0.8 ± 1.2 mm; 58.8 % of the children had a normal overjet ≤ 3 mm and 88.8% a normal overbite with < [Formula: see text] overlap. Prevalence of malocclusion was 45.2% (10.9% anterior open bite, 41.2% increased overjet ≥ 3 mm, 40.8% Class II/III canine relationship, 3.4% posterior crossbite). All children who sucked the thumb had a malocclusion. Children who used a pacifier had greater odds of having a malocclusion at age of 3 years than children without pacifier use (OR = 3.36; 95% CI: 1.87-6.05). Malocclusion and dental trauma were associated, but not statistically significant (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 0.99-3.34; p = 0.062). Malocclusion was not associated with gender, migration background, low socioeconomic status, preterm birth, special health care needs, breathing or dietary patterns (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Non-nutritive sucking habits were important risk factors for development of a malocclusion in the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Wagner
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Roswitha Heinrich-Weltzien
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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