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Maharjan S, Park BK, Lee SI, Lim Y, Lee K, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Gomisin G Suppresses the Growth of Colon Cancer Cells by Attenuation of AKT Phosphorylation and Arrest of Cell Cycle Progression. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:210-215. [PMID: 29902863 PMCID: PMC6430222 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death due to a poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Gomisin G on colon cancer growth and examined the underlying mechanism of action. We found that Gomisin G significantly suppressed the viability and colony formation of LoVo cells. Gomisin G reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT implying that Gomisin G suppressed the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Gomisin G also induced apoptosis shown by Annexin V staining and an increased level of cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and Caspase-3 proteins. Furthermore, Gomisin G remarkably triggered the accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase which represents apoptotic cells. In addition, the level of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) was also reduced by the treatment with Gomisin G thus curtailing cell cycle progression. These findings show the suppressive effect of Gomisin G by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in LoVo cells. Taken together, these results suggest Gomisin G could be developed as a potential therapeutic compound against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Maharjan
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Dong B, Yuan S, Hu J, Yan Y. Effects of Ginkgo leaf tablets on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats and its mechanism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:333-336. [PMID: 29953302 PMCID: PMC6130633 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1481107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginkgo leaf tablets (GLTs) and losartan are often simultaneously used for the treatment of hypertension in Chinese clinics. However, the herb-drug interaction between GLT and losartan is still unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of GLT on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetic profiles of losartan and EXP3174 of orally administered losartan (10 mg/kg) with or without GLT pretreatment (80 mg/kg/day for 10 days) in Sprague-Dawley rats were determined. In vitro, the effects of GLT on the metabolic stability of losartan were investigated with rat liver microsomes. RESULTS The Cmax (1.22 ± 0.25 vs 1.85 ± 0.37 μg/mL) and the AUC(0-t) (6.99 ± 1.05 vs 11.94 ± 1.79 mg·h/L) of losartan increased significantly (p < 0.05) with GLT pretreatment, while the Cmax (1.05 ± 0.19 vs 0.72 ± 0.12 μg/mL) of EXP3174 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The t1/2 of losartan was prolonged significantly from 3.94 ± 0.62 to 4.75 ± 0.52 h (p < 0.05). The metabolic stability of losartan was increased from 37.4 min to 59.6 min with GLT pretreatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that GLT might increase the plasma concentration of losartan and decrease the concentration of EXP3174 through inhibiting the metabolism of losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Dong
- Department of Neurology, Caoxian People’s Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, China
| | - Suowei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Caoxian People’s Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Caoxian People’s Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanzhen Yan
- Department of Neurology, Caoxian People’s Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, China
- CONTACT Yanzhen Yan Department of Neurology, Caoxian People’s Hospital, No. 1, Fuminda Road, Heze274400, Shandong Province, China
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Zhao Q, Wei J, Zhang H. Effects of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:563-568. [PMID: 29768080 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1478168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1. This study investigates the influence of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats. 2. The pharmacokinetic profiles of losartan and EXP3174 of orally administered losartan (10 mg/kg) with or without pretreatment with quercetin (20 mg/kg/day for 7 days) were investigated. Additionally, Caco-2 cell transwell model and rat liver microsome incubation experiments were also conducted to investigate its potential mechanism. 3. The results showed that when the rats were pretreated with quercetin, the Cmax (2.16 ± 0.40 vs. 1.33 ± 0.21 mg/L) and the AUC(0-t) (13.89 ± 1.22 vs. 7.34 ± 0.75 mg·h/L) of losartan increased significantly (p < .05), and while the Cmax (0.76 ± 0.09 vs. 1.14 ± 0.18 mg/L) of EXP3174 decreased significantly compared to the control (p < .05). The t1/2 of losartan was prolonged from 3.27 ± 0.45 h to 4.74 ± 0.51 h (p < .05). The results also indicated that quercetin could increase losartan absorption rate by inhibiting the activity of P-gp and decrease its metabolic stability by inhibiting the activity of CYP450 enzyme. 4. These results indicated that the herb-drug interaction between quercetin and losartan might occur when they are co-administered in rats, quercetin could increase the systemic exposure of losartan and decrease the plasma concentration of EXP3174, possibly by inhibiting the activity of P-gp or CYP450 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhao
- a Department of Public Health , Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang , Shandong , China
| | - Jinlan Wei
- a Department of Public Health , Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang , Shandong , China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- b Department of Obstetrics , Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang , Shandong , China
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Maharjan S, Park BK, Lee SI, Lim Y, Lee K, Kwon HJ. Gomisin G Inhibits the Growth of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing AKT Phosphorylation and Decreasing Cyclin D1. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:322-327. [PMID: 29587339 PMCID: PMC5933900 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A type of breast cancer with a defect in three molecular markers such as the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor is called triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Many patients with TNBC have a lower survival rate than patients with other types due to a poor prognosis. In this study, we confirmed the anti-cancer effect of a natural compound, Gomisin G, in TNBC cancer cells. Treatment with Gomisin G suppressed the viability of two TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 but not non-TNBC cell lines such as MCF-7, T47D, and ZR75-1. To investigate the molecular mechanism of this activity, we examined the signal transduction pathways after treatment with Gomisin G in MDA-MB-231 cells. Gomisin G did not induce apoptosis but drastically inhibited AKT phosphorylation and reduced the amount of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and phosphorylated Rb. Gomisin G induced in a proteasome-dependent manner a decrease in Cyclin D1. Consequently, Gomisin G causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. In contrast, there was no significant change in T47D cells except for a mild decrease in AKT phosphorylation. These results show that Gomisin G has an anti-cancer activity by suppressing proliferation rather than inducing apoptosis in TNBC cells. Our study suggests that Gomisin G could be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Maharjan
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwon Park
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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A Molecular Basis for the Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 by Gomisin A. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6451905. [PMID: 29234417 PMCID: PMC5684552 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6451905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel has critical actions as conditional sensors in primary afferent neurons. We studied the regulatory action of gomisin A on TRPV1 channel current in this report. Schisandra chinensis contains bioactive compounds such as the gomisin derivatives and their related compounds. Coapplication with gomisin A inhibited the capsaicin-mediated inward peak current. This inhibitory effect of gomisin A on capsaicin-induced inward current showed concentration-dependence and was reversible. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of gomisin A was 62.7 ± 8.4 µM. In addition, this inhibition occurred in a noncompetition regulation mode and voltage insensitive manner. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of gomisin A on TRPV1 showed that it interacted predominantly with residues at cavities in the segments 1 and 2 of each subunit. Four potential binding sites for this ligand in the extracellular region at sensor domain of TRPV1 channel were identified. Point mutagenesis studies were undertaken, and gomisin A potency decreased for both the Y453A and N467A mutants. The double mutation of Y453 and N467 significantly attenuated inhibitory effects by gomisin A. In summary, this study revealed the molecular basis for the interaction between TRPV1 and gomisin A and provides a novel potent interaction ligand.
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Li H, Liu L, Xie L, Gan D, Jiang X. Effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats and its mechanism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2886-2894. [PMID: 27327872 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1190762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Losartan and berberine (BBR) are often simultaneously used for the treatment of senile diabetic nephropathy in clinics. However, the potential herb-drug interaction between losartan and BBR is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the influence of BBR on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and EXP3174, and investigates the effects of BBR on the metabolic stability of losartan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetic profiles losartan and EXP3174 of orally administered losartan (10 mg/kg) with and without pretreatment with BBR (20 mg/kg) within 24 h were determined in Sprague-Dawley rats. The inhibitory effects of BBR on the metabolic stability of losartan were investigated using rat liver microsomes. RESULTS The Cmax (1.26 ± 0.37 versus 1.96 ± 0.45 mg/L) and the AUC(0-t) (8.25 ± 0.89 versus 12.70 ± 1.42 mg h/L) of losartan were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by BBR compared to the control, while the Cmax (0.97 ± 0.15 versus 0.77 ± 0.06 mg/L) of EXP3174 was significantly decreased compared to the control (p < 0.05). The Tmax of losartan was prolonged from 0.41 ± 0.12 to 0.52 ± 0.18 h, but the difference was not significant. However, the Tmax of EXP3174 was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 8.14 ± 0.36 to 3.33 ± 0.28 h. The metabolic stability of losartan was increased from 37.4 to 59.6 min. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We infer that BBR might increase the plasma concentration of losartan and decrease the concentration of EXP3174 through inhibiting the activity of CYP3A4 or CYP2C9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- a Department of Endocrinology , Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology , Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- b Biliary Tract Surgery Department 1, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , P.R. China
- c Ningbo Cancer Hospital, Shanghai Wu Meng Chao Cancer Center , Ningbo City , Zhejiang Province , P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Gan
- d Department of Paediatrics , Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang Province , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- b Biliary Tract Surgery Department 1, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , P.R. China
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Tumwine JK. Infectious diseases and chronic care in Africa. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:v-vii. [PMID: 26124825 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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