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Gensa Geta T, Ahmed Abdiwali S, Farah MM. Magnitude and Factors Associated with Teenage Pregnancy in Somaliland: Evidence from Somaliland Health and Demographic Survey, 2020. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:1443-1452. [PMID: 37724308 PMCID: PMC10505387 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s410489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Teenage pregnancy is estimated to be common in Somaliland. It is linked with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, no study has been conducted in the country on this subject. Therefore, this study intended to assess the magnitude and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Somaliland. Patients and Methods Data from the 2020 Somaliland Health and Demographic Survey (SLHDS); were used in the current analysis. A total sample of 3,786 women in reproductive age groups were involved as participants. The survey used a two-level cluster sampling design, which included initial selection of enumeration areas followed by selection of households. To identify associated factors, binary logistic regression analysis was applied. Results The magnitude of teenage pregnancy was 47.2% (95%CI: 45.5-48.9%). Being a nomadic resident (AOR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.12-1.71), being in the lowest wealth quintiles (AOR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.01-1.77), being in the Sanaag region (AOR: 1.95;95%CI: 1.54-2.46) and having lower educational attainment (AOR: 2.29; 95%CI: 1.08-4.83) were significantly associated with teenage pregnancy. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is highly prevalent in Somaliland and associated with a lower educational level, lower wealth quintiles and nomadic residence. Hence, governmental and non-governmental organizations should work on educating and financially empowering women by giving particular focus to nomadic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Gensa Geta
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gollis University, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Saad Ahmed Abdiwali
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gollis University, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Mustafe Mohamoud Farah
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gollis University, Hargeisa, Somaliland
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Nuwabaine L, Sserwanja Q, Kamara K, Musaba MW. Prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Sierra Leone: evidence from a nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey of 2019. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:527. [PMID: 36941568 PMCID: PMC10026389 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, teenage pregnancy remains a public health concern because of the associated maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. To address the extensive social, political and economic effects of teenage pregnancy, there is need for current epidemiological evidence on its prevalence and associated factors, especially from low resource settings where the burden is highest. METHODS We used data from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (SLDH), which included 3,427 female adolescents. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. Teenage pregnancy was defined as those who had ever either had a child, or terminated a pregnancy, or were currently pregnant. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors associated with teenage pregnancy using SPSS version 25(Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). RESULTS The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 22.1% [758/3,427]. Of these, 17.8%, (608/3427), had ever had childbirth, 4.2%, (144/3427), were pregnant, and 1.2%, (40/3427) had ever terminated a pregnancy. After adjusting for confounders, the odds of teenage pregnancy among married girls were about 15 times more than the odds among those who were not married (aOR; 15.31, 95% CI: 11.17-20.98) while the odds of teenage pregnancy among girls from the poorest households were 2.5 times more than the odds among girls from the richest households. CONCLUSION The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Sierra Leone is high. To reduce teenage pregnancy, the government of Sierra Leone and its partners should target married, older teenagers and those from poor households. Policies giving teenage mothers a second chance by encouraging them to return to school after childbirth should be encouraged as an alternative to early marriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Nuwabaine
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, 65 House No. 227, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Quraish Sserwanja
- Programmes Department, GOAL Global, Arkaweet Block 65 House No. 227, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Kassim Kamara
- National Disease Surveillance Programme, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Free town, Sierra Leone
| | - Milton W Musaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mbale Regional Referral and Teaching Hospital, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
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Mohammed S. Analysis of national and subnational prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and changes in the associated sexual behaviours and sociodemographic determinants across three decades in Ghana, 1988-2019. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068117. [PMID: 36931665 PMCID: PMC10030779 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the determinants of adolescent pregnancy and how they have changed over time is essential for measuring progress and developing strategies to improve adolescent reproductive health. This study examined changes over time in the prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Ghana. METHODS A total of 11 nationally representative surveys from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2014), Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2006, 2011, 2017-2018) and Malaria Indicator Survey (2016 and 2019) provided data on 14 556 adolescent girls aged 15-19 for this analysis. A random-effect meta-analysis, time trends and multivariable logistic regression models were used to track the prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Ghana was 15.4% (95% CI=13.49% to 17.30%). Rural areas (19.5%) had a higher prevalence of adolescent pregnancy than urban areas (10.6%). In the overall sample, middle adolescents (15-17 years) (aOR=0.30, 95% CI=0.23 to 0.39), adolescents in urban areas (aOR=0.56, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.74), large households (aOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.49 to 0.78), not working (aOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.90) and those unaware of contraceptive methods (aOR=0.49, 95% CI=0.27 to 0.90) were less likely to become pregnant. Adolescents from middle-income (aOR=0.91, 95% CI=0.67 to 1.24) or high-income (aOR=0.59, 95%CI=0.36 to 0.94) households, those who were semiliterate (aOR=0.56, 95%CI=0.39 to 0.82) or literate (aOR=0.28, 95%CI=0.21 to 0.37) and those with fewer previous sex partners were less likely to become pregnant. Not all determinants in the overall sample were consistently associated with adolescent pregnancy in the last three decades. Between 1988 and 1998, determinants of adolescent pregnancy were age, literacy, employment, household size and whether the mother was alive. Between 2003 and 2008, age, literacy, household size, income, age of last sexual partner, number of previous partners and contraception knowledge determined adolescent pregnancy. From 2011 to 2019, age, residence, literacy and menstrual cycle knowledge were determinants of adolescent pregnancy. CONCLUSION Interventions and policies to prevent adolescent pregnancy should prioritise adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsudeen Mohammed
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Eyeberu A, Getachew T, Sertsu A, Sisay M, Baye Y, Debella A, Alemu A. Teenage pregnancy and its predictors in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022; 16:47-60. [PMID: 36475034 PMCID: PMC9682880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although teenage pregnancy has declined in the last decade, it remains a major public health issue in Africa. Maternal mortality is common among teenagers due to their increased risk of obstetric and medical complications. In Africa, there is a lack of robust and comprehensive data on the prevalence and predictors of teenage pregnancy. As a result, this systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to summarize evidence that will assist concerned entities in identifying existing gaps and proposing strategies to reduce teenage pregnancy in Africa. METHODS The review is registered by the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42021275013). This search included all published and unpublished observational studies written in English between August 23, 2016, and August 23, 2021. The articles were searched using databases (PubMed, CINHAL [EBSCO], EMBASE, POPLINE, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS). Data synthesis and statistical analysis were conducted using STATA version 14 software. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of meta-analysis using the random effect model. RESULTS A total of 43,758 teenagers (aged 13-19) were included in 23 studies. In Africa, the overall pooled prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 30% (95% CI: 17-43). Western Africa had the highest prevalence of teenage pregnancy 33% (95% CI: 10-55). Age (18-19) (OR = 2.99 [95% CI = 1.124-7.927]), wealth index (OR = 1.84 [95% CI = 1.384-2.433]), and marital status (OR = 6.02 [95% CI = 2.348-15.43]) were predictors of teenage pregnancy in Africa. CONCLUSION In Africa, nearly one-third of teenagers become pregnant. Teenage pregnancy was predicted by age (18-19), wealth index, and marital status. Strengthening interventions aimed at increasing teenagers' economic independence, reducing child marriage, and increasing contraceptive use among married teenagers can help to prevent teenage pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Baye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Okoli CI, Hajizadeh M, Rahman MM, Velayutham E, Khanam R. Socioeconomic inequalities in teenage pregnancy in Nigeria: evidence from Demographic Health Survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1729. [PMID: 36096790 PMCID: PMC9465883 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high rate of teenage pregnancy in Nigeria and host of negative medical, social and economic consequences that are associated with the problem, relatively few studies have examined socioeconomic inequality in teenage pregnancy. Understanding the key factors associated with socioeconomic inequality in teenage pregnancy is essential in designing effective policies for teenage pregnancy reduction. This study focuses on measuring inequality and identifying factors explaining socioeconomic inequality in teenage pregnancy in Nigeria. Methods This is a cross sectional study using individual recode (data) file from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey. The dataset comprises a representative sample of 8,423 women of reproductive age 15 – 19 years in Nigeria. The normalized Concentration index (Cn) was used to determine the magnitude of inequalities in teenage pregnancy. The Cn was decomposed to determine the contribution of explanatory factors to socioeconomic inequalities in teenage pregnancy in Nigeria. Results The negative value of the Cn (-0.354; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.400 to -0.308) suggests that pregnancy is more concentrated among the poor teenagers. The decomposition analysis identified marital status, wealth index of households, exposure to information and communication technology, and religion as the most important predictors contributing to observed concentration of teenage pregnancy in Nigeria. Conclusion There is a need for targeted intervention to reduce teenage pregnancy among low socioeconomic status women in Nigeria. The intervention should break the intergenerational cycle of low socioeconomic status that make teenagers’ susceptible to unintended pregnancy. Economic empowerment is recommended, as empowered girls are better prepared to handle reproductive health issues. Moreover, religious bodies, parents and schools should provide counselling, and guidance that will promote positive reproductive and sexual health behaviours to teenagers. Teenage pregnancy is a global public health concern. It is an undesirable occurrence and seems to be one of the social problems facing several countries, including Nigeria. Previous studies suggest socioeconomic differences in teenage pregnancy in Nigeria. However, relatively few studies have examined the socioeconomic inequality in teenage pregnancy in the country. This study focuses on measuring and explaining predictors of socioeconomic inequality in teenage pregnancy in Nigeria using the Nigeria Demographic Health Survey conducted in 2018. Findings suggest that teenage pregnancy is more concentrated among poor teenagers, while the most important factor contributing to the teenage pregnancy in Nigeria were marital status, wealth index of households, exposure to information and communication technology, and religion. These findings emphasise the need for targeted intervention to reduce teenage pregnancy among low socioeconomic status women in Nigeria to break the intergenerational cycle that expose teenagers to unwanted pregnancy. Since, empowered girls are better prepared to handle reproductive health issues. In addition, religious bodies, parents and schools should give teenagers counselling, and guidance that will promote positive reproductive and sexual health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Ifeanyi Okoli
- School of Business, and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia. .,Department of Health Administration and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Eswaran Velayutham
- College for Indigenous Studies, Education and Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
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Tumwine JK. Editor's choice: this December 2020. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:ii-v. [PMID: 34394273 PMCID: PMC8351816 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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