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Al‑Johani WM, AlShamlan NA, AlAmer NA, Shawkhan RA, Almayyad AH, Alghamdi LM, Alqahtani HA, Al-Shammari MA, Gari DMK, AlOmar RS. Social anxiety disorder and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study among medical students, Saudi Arabia. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:505. [PMID: 35896983 PMCID: PMC9330618 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Anxiety disorder (SAD) is common worldwide. However, data from Saudi Arabia is deficient. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SAD across Saudi medical students and its associations with sociodemographic factors and their academic performance. METHODS The main outcome was presence/absence of SAD and the secondary outcome was its level of severity. These were assessed from the Social Phobia Inventory. Associated factors included sociodemographic variables, as well as educational characteristics of students. Descriptive statistics were reported as counts and percentages, and unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed through bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of 5896 Saudi medical students who participated in the study, the prevalence of SAD was almost 51%. While 8.21% and 4.21% had reported severe and very severe SAD, respectively. Older age students were at lower risk of developing SAD (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89 - 0.96). In contrast, females (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01 - 1.26), students enrolled in private colleges and colleges implementing non-problem-based learning (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09 - 1.52 and OR = 1.29. 95% CI = 1.15 - 1.46 respectively) were at higher risk. A significant elevated risk of SAD was found among students who had previously failed, and had a low GPA. CONCLUSION SAD is prevalent among the sampled population, and different associated factors were identified. Current results could raise the awareness of faculty members and healthcare providers towards early detection and management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan M. Al‑Johani
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A. AlShamlan
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheel A. AlAmer
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rammas A. Shawkhan
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Almayyad
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XCollege of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla M. Alghamdi
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Alqahtani
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A. Al-Shammari
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danya Mohammed Khalid Gari
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S. AlOmar
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
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