1
|
Wang L, Zhang T, Huo J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhu X. Rapid and specific detection of Enterococcus faecium with an isothermal amplification and lateral flow strip combined method. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:28. [PMID: 38112880 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is responsible for a highly contagious, drug-resistant nosocomial infection that often causes serious illness. In this study, a rapid and sensitive RPA-LFS (recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow strip) method for the detection of E. faecium was established based on specific primers and probes designed using the ddl gene. To verify the specificity and sensitivity of the method, 26 specific strains and 100-106 CFU/μL E. faecium were selected for detection. The results show that the proposed method can specifically detect E. faecium, and the minimum detection limit is 100 CFU/μL. To compare the clinical application of the method with qPCR, 181 clinical samples were collected for testing. RPA-LFS and qPCR had the same practical applicability, and 61 parts of E. faecium were detected in 183 clinical samples. The methods developed in this study not only have the advantages of rapid sensitivity and specificity but also meet the needs of remote areas with scarce medical resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Central Laboratory of Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Juan Huo
- Central Laboratory of Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University), Lianyungang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University), Lianyungang, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University), Lianyungang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital (Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University), Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinming Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jovanović M, Velebit B, Tošić T, Maki G, Pavić S, Jovanović S, Stošović R, Zervos MJ. Comparative study of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis and biofilm production in invasive and colonizing enterococci. EUR J INFLAMM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231156333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In humans, enterococci are among the most important opportunistic pathogens. This study aims to compare invasive isolates obtained from blood cultures of patients with sepsis and endocarditis with colonizing isolates obtained from healthy donors’ stool samples. Methods: A case-by-case assessment was conducted on invasive infection cases to determine whether enterococci were involved in their pathogenesis. They were tested for the presence of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis on agars supplemented with human and sheep blood, and biofilm forming capacity. Results: Three species of enterococci were identified among invasive isolates: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans. All endocarditis isolates were biofilm producers. Genes esp, gelE, asa1, ace, hyl, cylB, and cylA were present in 7 (41.2%), 11 (64.7%), 11 (64.7%), 13 (76.5%), 0, 3 (17.6%), and 1 (5.9%) invasive isolate, but none of them could be linked to a particular infection (sepsis or endocarditis). Colonizing isolates proved to have had more virulence factor genes, but the differences were not statistically significant. Members of that group produced a greater amount of biofilm when the ace gene was absent ( p = 0.047). The production of β-hemolysis by noninvasive strains was detected more frequently when agar was supplemented with human blood ( p = 0.021). In general, the presence of either cyl gene on that specific agar was in direct connection with the production of β-hemolysis: cylA ( p = 0.047) or cylB ( p = 0.020). Conclusion: We have been unable to establish any correlation between invasive isolates and any virulence gene carriage and biofilm formation. β-hemolysis was produced significantly more often by colonizing strains when agar had been supplemented with human blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovanović
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Velebit
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Tošić
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gina Maki
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sladjana Pavić
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital Užice, Užice, Serbia
| | - Snežana Jovanović
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rajica Stošović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Allergology and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zinno P, Perozzi G, Devirgiliis C. Foodborne Microbial Communities as Potential Reservoirs of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes for Pathogens: A Critical Review of the Recent Literature. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1696. [PMID: 37512869 PMCID: PMC10383130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global and increasing threat to human health. Several genetic determinants of AMR are found in environmental reservoirs, including bacteria naturally associated with widely consumed fermented foods. Through the food chain, these bacteria can reach the gut, where horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can occur within the complex and populated microbial environment. Numerous studies on this topic have been published over the past decades, but a conclusive picture of the potential impact of the non-pathogenic foodborne microbial reservoir on the spread of AMR to human pathogens has not yet emerged. This review critically evaluates a comprehensive list of recent experimental studies reporting the isolation of AMR bacteria associated with fermented foods, focusing on those reporting HGT events, which represent the main driver of AMR spread within and between different bacterial communities. Overall, our analysis points to the methodological heterogeneity as a major weakness impairing determination or a causal relation between the presence of AMR determinants within the foodborne microbial reservoir and their transmission to human pathogens. The aim is therefore to highlight the main gaps and needs to better standardize future studies addressing the potential role of non-pathogenic bacteria in the spread of AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zinno
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuditta Perozzi
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Devirgiliis
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dairy Products: A Potential Source of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244116. [PMID: 36553858 PMCID: PMC9778350 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to present the antimicrobial resistance, virulence and resistance genes of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from raw goat's and sheep's milk and cheese. Strains were identified by PCR. The dominant species was E. faecalis (77.8%) and was most often isolated from raw goat's milk. The percentage of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis isolates was higher than that of E. faecium isolates, the former most frequently resistant to lincomycin (98%), tetracycline (63%) and streptomycin (16%). Fourteen (22.3%) E. faecalis and 2 (11.1%) E. faecium isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). All MDR E. faecalis strains also had virulence genes, whereas one of the two E. faecium strains had them. The most prevalent virulence genes in E. faecalis isolates were asa1 (69.8%) and gelE (57.1%). The most prevalent resistance genes found in both bacterial species were tet(M) (43.2%) and vgaA (22.2%). Enterococci from dairy products are confirmed to be a potential source of the spread of antimicrobial resistance, MDR strains, and virulence and resistance genes. This study highlights several aspects of the virulence and pathogenicity of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from dairy products-aspects which are indications for their ongoing monitoring.
Collapse
|