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Satué K, Fazio E, La Fauci D, Medica P. Hematological indexes and iron status in pregnant mares. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:197-205. [PMID: 37560356 PMCID: PMC10407308 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-197-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, iron requirements are increased to meet optimal placental and fetal growth and the expansion of the maternal red-cell mass and to prevent complications related to the mother's iron deficiency anemia. Red-cell parameters and iron status provide consistent additional information for diagnosis of iron deficiency conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum iron status and its relation to hematological indexes in pregnant mares. Blood samples were taken from 31 Spanish Purebred mares over 11 months of pregnancy. Concentrations of iron (Fe), ferritin (Ferr), transferrin (T), and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) increased significantly and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) decreased as the pregnancy progressed without changes in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HB) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and transferrin saturation (TSAT). Fe and Ferr were positively correlated (r = 0.21 ). Fe and T (r = 0.69 ) and Fe and TSAT (r = 0.94 ) were positively correlated, and Fe and UIBC were negatively correlated (r = - 0.69 ). T and TIBC were positively correlated (r = 1.00 ). Pregnancy in the Spanish Purebred mare is characterized by a progressive increase in Fe, Ferr, T, and TIBC and a decrease in UIBC without modification in hematological indexes. Hematological parameters and iron status seem to indicate a sufficiency for Fe transport and its related mobilization and utilization during gestation in Spanish Purebred mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo
Universitario Annunziata, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah La Fauci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo
Universitario Annunziata, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo
Universitario Annunziata, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Sullivan KE, Lavin SR, Livingston S, Knutson M, Valdes EV, Warren LK. Safety and efficacy of a novel iron chelator (HBED; (N,N'-Di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid)) in equine (Equus caballus) as a model for black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1107-1117. [PMID: 35894091 PMCID: PMC9542505 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While iron overload disorder (IOD) and related disease states are not considered a common occurrence in domestic equids, these issues appear prevalent in black rhinoceroses under human care. In addressing IOD in black rhinos, altering dietary iron absorption and excretion may be the most globally practical approach. A main option for treatment used across other species such as humans, is chelation therapy using iron‐specific synthetic compounds. As horses may serve as an appropriate digestive model for the endangered rhinoceros, we evaluated the potential use of the oral iron chelator N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine‐N,N‐diacetic acid (HBED) in horses for safety and efficacy prior to testing in black rhinoceros. Health and iron digestibility and dynamics were assessed in horses (n = 6) before, and after treatment with HBED (50 mg/kg body weight) for 8 days using a crossover design with serum, faecal and urine collection. A preliminary pharmacokinetic trial was also performed but no trace of HBED was found in serially sampled plasma through 8 h post‐oral dosing. HBED increased urinary iron output in horses compared to control by 0.7% of total iron intake (p < 0.01), for an average of 27 mg urinary iron/day, similar to human chelation goals. Blood chemistry, blood cell counts and overall wellness were not affected by treatment. As healthy horses are able to regulate iron absorption, the lack of change in iron balance is unsurprising. Short‐term HBED administration appeared to be safely tolerated by horses, therefore it was anticipated it would also be safe to administer to black rhinos for the management of iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Sullivan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom®, Bay Lake, Florida, USA
| | - Shana R Lavin
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom®, Bay Lake, Florida, USA.,Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon Livingston
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom®, Bay Lake, Florida, USA
| | - Mitchell Knutson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eduardo V Valdes
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom®, Bay Lake, Florida, USA.,Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lori K Warren
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Malbon AJ, Sordo L, Wilson LA, Gunn-Moore D, Paraschou G, Macintyre N, Schwarz T, McGorum B, Hahn C. Alzheimer-like pathology in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of aged donkeys. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 113:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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