A cardiac hydatid cyst underlying pulmonary embolism: a case report

Off-Pump Resection of Giant Intramural Left Ventricular Hydatid Cyst by Pleuropericardial Approach: a Case Report

Primary cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare and fatal pathology, especially when involving the left ventricular free wall. A 44-year-old male was diagnosed with large intramural left ventricular hydatid cyst with wall thickness of 6 mm at the thinnest point. Cyst was accessed through pleuropericardial approach (left pleura opened, followed by entry into cyst directly through adjacent pericardium without removing the pericardial adhesions) which resulted in easy entry into the cyst, mitigating the risk of mechanical injury. This case report highlights that with detailed evaluation, cardiac hydatidosis can be addressed with off-pump technique, reducing the anaphylaxis risks and cardiopulmonary bypass-related effects.

Sudden death due to a massive hydatid pulmonary embolism secondary to a cardiac cyst rupture

Cardiac echinococcosis is rare, and its clinical evolution is slow and asymptomatic until complications occur such as sudden death. Although more frequent in endemic countries, hydatid disease should be known by forensic specialists with regard to the migration flows of people from zones with high endemicity and who are likely to die from infection. We report an autopsy case of a 33-year-old male without any medical history who presented to the emergency room with shortness of breath, chest tightness, tingling all over the body and faintness without fever. He died suddenly before the medical examination. Autopsy showed no traumatic injuries or signs of violence. A cardiac 7 cm multivesicular hydatid cyst situated on the interventricular septum and the interatrial septum was observed. The cyst was ruptured with a massive hydatid pulmonary embolism. Hydatid cysts were also observed in the lungs. No signs of anaphylactic shock were found. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed by histopathological examinations. Our case report highlights the mechanisms of occurrence of cardiac echinococcosis and hydatid pulmonary embolism as a complication, as well as the autopsy findings and the precautions needed by the forensic doctor.

Hydatid Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review

Patient: Female, 58-year-old

Final Diagnosis: Pulmonary embolism caused by hydatid cyst

Symptoms: Chest and back pain • hemoptysis • shortness of breath

Medication:—

Clinical Procedure: —

Specialty: Infectious Diseases • Pulmonology • Radiology

A huge right ventricular hydatid cyst related to tricuspid valve causing severe pulmonary hypertension

Preserving tricuspid valve's function is the cornerstone in surgical excision of cardiac hydatid cysts present in the right side of the heart. The perfect surgical technique may not exist. However, further studies are needed to ensure the clear path.

Four pathways for hydatid pulmonary embolism

INTRODUCTION

Hydatid pulmonary embolism (HPE) is rare but remains an etiology that needs to be considered and kept in mind, especially in endemic areas, as regards nonthrombotic embolism.

METHODS

Between 2000 and 2014, 10 patients were treated in our department for the presence of hydatid material in the pulmonary arterial circulation. Through these 10 cases, we try to assess the radioclinical characteristics and results of the surgical treatment.

RESULTS

The study included six men and four women, average age 28 years. Discovery of HPE was made following the exploration of cardiorespiratory symptoms in nine cases and was incidental in a single patient. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest directly visualized the hydatid material in the pulmonary arteries in nine cases. Surgery consisted of an embolectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass in nine cases. This embolectomy was preceded by the treatment of an embolic hydatid cyst (HC) in seven cases (HCs of the right heart chambers in six cases and a liver HC ruptured in the inferior vena cava in one case), whereas for only one patient, who presented a HC pedunculated in the right ventricle and protruding into the pulmonary artery, the cure of the cardiac location was sufficient. Only one patient died on the third postoperative day.

CONCLUSION

Endoluminal hydatid involvement of pulmonary arteries is extremely rare. CTA chest has an important contribution to the positive diagnosis. Treatment is surgical when the patient's condition allows it.

Cardiac Hydatid Cyst Successfully Managed with Albendazole: A Case Report

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by tapeworm Echinococcus. It has a worldwide distribution, but it is endemic in certain geographic locations. Hydatid disease can almost involve any body organ. However, cardiac involvement is exceedingly rare. We report the case of young girl presenting with chest pain and shortness of breath. She had a history of renal hydatid cyst for which she underwent surgical resection. After thorough investigation, she was found to have a hydatid cyst involving the left ventricular wall. The patient's family refused surgical management, and she had received medical treatment in the form of albendazole which showed dramatic improvement in her condition. This case shed light on the importance of having a high index of suspicion for this condition, particularly in those patients with a history of hydatid cysts in other organs.

A case of pulmonary artery hydatid cyst observed on endobronchial ultrasound

Hydatid cyst (HC) is a parasitic disease that may involve many organs, especially the lung and the liver. Pulmonary artery location of the hydatid cyst is extremely rare, but it may cause life-threatening complications. We report a case of a hydatid cyst that completely filled the left main pulmonary artery and its distal part without cardiac involvement. Thoracic computed tomography showed filling defects in the pulmonary arteries. Endobronchial ultrasound was performed for differential diagnosis and it showed a cystic lesion. Hydatid cyst-specific IgE and hem agglutination test results were positive. In the literature, cases like this in which the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid cyst is made by endobronchial ultrasound are not usually seen. Although many imaging modalities such as plain chest radiography, cross-sectional imaging (MDCT and MRI), echocardiography and conventional pulmonary angiography have been used in the diagnostic approach, we recommend endobronchial ultrasound for the differential diagnosis of cases with cystic formation.

Unusual Presentation of Interventricular Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report

Echinococcus infection typically affects liver and lungs while rarely occur through heart. Cardiac hydatidosis can be fatal or lead to major complications if it is not treated. The majority of patients with cardiac hydatid cysts complain from cardiac problems as their first presentation. However, this article reports an unusual case suffers from an interventricular hydatid cyst presented by abdominal pain on 2013. After the patient transferred to Tehran Heart Center, surgical cyst excision with removing germinal layer and concurrent albendazole therapy was prescribed for the management of this Iranian 15 year old female.

Hydatid cyst of the cardiac interventricular septum

Hydatid cysts of the cardiac interventricular septum are rare and present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report the case of a 48-year-old woman who was successfully treated with cyst excision and capitonnage.

Embolization of Ruptured Hepatic Hydatid Cyst to Pulmonary Artery in an Elderly Patient: Multidetector computed tomography findings

Pulmonary embolism due to hydatid disease is an unusual condition resulting from the rupture of a hydatic heart cyst or the opening of liver hydatidosis into the venous circulation. A 78-year old male patient complaining of dyspnea, cough and severe chest pain was admitted to our emergency department. A multidetector computed tomography of the chest revealed the presence of multiple nodules in both lungs especially in left and multiple hypodense filling defect in left main pulmonary artery and its branches. In addition, coronal reformatted multidetector computed tomography images also showed two hypodense cystic parenchymal masses on the left lobe of the liver with a cystic embolus in the right atrium. Pulmonary embolism should be kept in mind in patients who have hepatic hydatidosis if suddenly chest pain and dyspnoea occurs, especially in regions where hydatidosis is endemic.