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Dodoo CC, Odoi H, Mensah A, Asafo-Adjei K, Ampomah R, Obeng L, Jato J, Hutton-Nyameaye A, Aku TA, Somuah SO, Sarkodie E, Orman E, Mfoafo KA, Ben IO, Kpokiri EE, Abba F, Jani YH. Development of a local antibiogram for a teaching hospital in Ghana. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad024. [PMID: 36994232 PMCID: PMC10041059 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance threatens adequate healthcare provision against infectious diseases. Antibiograms, combined with patient clinical history, enable clinicians and pharmacists to select the best empirical treatments prior to culture results. Objectives To develop a local antibiogram for the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, using data collected on bacterial isolates from January–December 2021. Samples from urine, stool, sputum, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were considered as well as, aspirates and swabs from wound, ears and vagina of patients. Bacteria were cultured on both enrichment and selective media including blood agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood and MacConkey agar, and identified by both the VITEK 2 system and routine biochemical tests. Data on routine culture and sensitivity tests performed on bacterial isolates from patient samples were retrieved from the hospital’s health information system. Data were then entered into and analysed using WHONET. Results In all, 891 pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 835 patients who had positive culture tests. Gram-negative isolates accounted for about 77% of the total bacterial species. Escherichia coli (246), Pseudomonas spp. (180), Klebsiella spp. (168), Citrobacter spp. (101) and Staphylococcus spp. (78) were the five most isolated pathogens. Most of the bacterial isolates showed high resistance (>70%) to ampicillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions The isolates from the various samples were not susceptible to most of the antibiotics used in the study. The study reveals the resistance patterns of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. to some antibiotics on the WHO ‘Watch’ and ‘Reserve’ lists. Using antibiograms as part of antimicrobial stewardship programmes would optimize antibiotic use and preserve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius C Dodoo
- Corresponding author. E-mail: ; @nii_cornelius, @Rx_jjato, @ek_orman, @adelmensah4u, @2011YJ, @ekpoks, @ThelmaAku3, @Dahumano
| | - Hayford Odoi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Adelaide Mensah
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Ruth Ampomah
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Lydia Obeng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Jato
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Thelma A Aku
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samuel O Somuah
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Sarkodie
- Pharmacy Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Orman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo A Mfoafo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Inemesit O Ben
- School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Eneyi E Kpokiri
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fatima Abba
- Health Protection Operations Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust & UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Yogini H Jani
- Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust & UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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