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Bioactivity of Essential Oils for Mitigation of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fresh Retail Chicken Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123006. [PMID: 34945555 PMCID: PMC8701900 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most severe foodborne pathogens found in several habitats. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antilisterial activity of different essential oils (EOs) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) L. monocytogenes strains isolated from fresh chicken meat. Our results showed that the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the examined samples was 48%. Seventy-eight isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes. Out of these, 64.1% were categorized as MDR and were categorized in 18 patterns with 50 MDR isolates. One isolate was selected randomly from each pattern to investigate their biofilm-forming ability, resistance, and virulence genes incidence. Out of 18 MDR isolates, 88.9% showed biofilm-forming ability. Moreover, the most prevalent resistance genes were ermB (72%), aadA (67%), penA (61%), and floR genes (61%). However, the most prevalent virulence genes were inlA (94.4%), prfA (88.9%), plcB (83.3%), and actaA (83.3%). The antilisterial activity of EOs showed that cinnamon bark oil (CBO) was the most effective antilisterial agent. CBO activity could be attributed to the bioactivity of cinnamaldehyde which effects cell viability by increasing the bacterial cell electrical conductivity, ion leakage, and salt tolerance capacity loss. Therefore, CBO could be an effective alternative natural agent for food safety applications.
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Cook PW, Nightingale KK. Use of omics methods for the advancement of food quality and food safety. Anim Front 2018; 8:33-41. [PMID: 32002228 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Cook
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA.,Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Chen JQ, Healey S, Regan P, Laksanalamai P, Hu Z. PCR-based methodologies for detection and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii in foods and environmental sources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Camargo AC, Woodward JJ, Nero LA. The Continuous Challenge of Characterizing the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:405-16. [PMID: 27120361 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen commonly isolated from food processing environments and food products. This organism can multiply at refrigeration temperatures, form biofilms on different materials and under various conditions, resist a range of environmental stresses, and contaminate food products by cross-contamination. L. monocytogenes is recognized as the causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease that affects mainly individuals from high-risk groups, such as pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Listeriosis can be considered a disease that has emerged along with changing eating habits and large-scale industrial food processing. This disease causes losses of billions of dollars every year with recalls of contaminated foods and patient medical treatment expenses. In addition to the immune status of the host and the infecting dose, the virulence potential of each strain is crucial for the development of disease symptoms. While many isolates are naturally virulent, other isolates are avirulent and unable to cause disease; this may vary according to the presence of molecular determinants associated with virulence. In the last decade, the characterization of genetic profiles through the use of molecular methods has helped track and demonstrate the genetic diversity among L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from various sources. The purposes of this review were to summarize the main methods used for isolation, identification, and typing of L. monocytogenes and also describe its most relevant virulence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Carlos Camargo
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Augusto Nero
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Camargo AC, Vallim DC, Hofer E, Nero LA. Molecular Serogrouping of Listeria monocytogenes from Brazil Using PCR. J Food Prot 2016; 79:144-7. [PMID: 26735041 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the serotype distribution of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from clinical, beef, and environment samples using two PCR-based protocols for serogrouping. A panel of 134 isolates (22 clinical samples, 79 samples of beef cuts, and 33 samples from the beef processing environment) were subjected to conventional serology and identified as serotypes 1/2a (n = 12), 1/2b (n = 21), 1/2c (n = 71), and 4b (n = 30). Isolates from clinical samples were predominantly serotype 4b, and the most prevalent serotype among the beef cut and environment samples was 1/2c. The protocol described by M. Doumith, C. Buchrieser, P. Glaser, C. Jacquet, and P. Martin (J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:3819-3822, 2004) produced contradictory results for seven 1/2a isolates, which were positive for lmo1118 and had the profile IIc (serotypes 1/2c and 3c). Fifteen serotype 4b isolates amplified the target lmo0737, with the atypical profile IVb variant 1. The results obtained with the protocol described by M. K. Borucki and D. R. Call (J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:5537-5540, 2003) were in full agreement with those of the conventional serology. We recommend using this multiplex PCR approach by adding one pair of the reported primers to the panel to reduce total effort by one PCR while maintaining specificity. We present additional recommendations to improve the efficiency and reproducibility of this serogrouping assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deyse Christina Vallim
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Hofer
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Veterinária, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Kaiser ML, Williams ML, Basta N, Hand M, Huber S. When Vacant Lots Become Urban Gardens: Characterizing the Perceived and Actual Food Safety Concerns of Urban Agriculture in Ohio. J Food Prot 2015; 78:2070-80. [PMID: 26555531 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was intended to characterize the perceived risks of urban agriculture by residents of four low-income neighborhoods in which the potential exists for further urban agriculture development and to provide data to support whether any chemical hazards and foodborne pathogens as potential food safety hazards were present. Sixty-seven residents participated in focus groups related to environmental health, food security, and urban gardening. In addition, soils from six locations were tested. Residents expressed interest in the development of urban gardens to improve access to healthy, fresh produce, but they had concerns about soil quality. Soils were contaminated with lead (Pb), zinc, cadmium (Cd), and copper, but not arsenic or chromium. Results from our study suggest paint was the main source of soil contamination. Detectable polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in urban soils were well below levels of concern. These urban soils will require further management to reduce Pb and possibly Cd bioavailability to decrease the potential for uptake into food crops. Although the number of locations in this study is limited, results suggest lower levels of soil contaminants at well-established gardens. Soil tillage associated with long-term gardening could have diluted the soil metal contaminants by mixing the contaminants with clean soil. Also, lower PAH levels in long-term gardening could be due to enhanced microbial activity and PAH degradation, dilution, or both due to mixing, similar to metals. No foodborne pathogen targets were detected by PCR from any of the soils. Residents expressed the need for clearness regarding soil quality and gardening practices in their neighborhoods to consume food grown in these urban areas. Results from this study suggest long-term gardening has the potential to reduce soil contaminants and their potential threat to food quality and human health and to improve access to fresh produce in low-income urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Kaiser
- The Ohio State University College of Social Work, 1947 North College, Stillman Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Michele L Williams
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA; Department of Biology and Marine Science, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Boulevard N, Jacksonville, FL 32211, USA
| | - Nicholas Basta
- College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 410C Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA 6940, USA
| | - Michelle Hand
- The Ohio State University College of Social Work, 1947 North College, Stillman Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sarah Huber
- The Ohio State University College of Social Work, 1947 North College, Stillman Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Salazar JK, Wang Y, Yu S, Wang H, Zhang W. Polymerase chain reaction-based serotyping of pathogenic bacteria in food. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 110:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Garrido-Maestu A, Chapela MJ, Vieites JM, Cabado AG. Application of real-time PCR to detect Listeria monocytogenes in a mussel processing industry: Impact on control. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fusco V, Quero GM. Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Nucleic-Acid-Based Methods Used in the Microbial Safety Assessment of Milk and Dairy Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:493-537. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
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Saleh-Lakha S, Allen VG, Li J, Pagotto F, Odumeru J, Taboada E, Lombos M, Tabing KC, Blais B, Ogunremi D, Downing G, Lee S, Gao A, Nadon C, Chen S. Subtyping of a large collection of historical Listeria monocytogenes strains from Ontario, Canada, by an improved multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:6472-80. [PMID: 23956391 PMCID: PMC3811218 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00759-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for severe and often fatal food-borne infections in humans. A collection of 2,421 L. monocytogenes isolates originating from Ontario's food chain between 1993 and 2010, along with Ontario clinical isolates collected from 2004 to 2010, was characterized using an improved multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). The MLVA method was established based on eight primer pairs targeting seven variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci in two 4-plex fluorescent PCRs. Diversity indices and amplification rates of the individual VNTR loci ranged from 0.38 to 0.92 and from 0.64 to 0.99, respectively. MLVA types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were compared using Comparative Partitions analysis involving 336 clinical and 99 food and environmental isolates. The analysis yielded Simpson's diversity index values of 0.998 and 0.992 for MLVA and PFGE, respectively, and adjusted Wallace coefficients of 0.318 when MLVA was used as a primary subtyping method and 0.088 when PFGE was a primary typing method. Statistical data analysis using BioNumerics allowed for identification of at least 8 predominant and persistent L. monocytogenes MLVA types in Ontario's food chain. The MLVA method correctly clustered epidemiologically related outbreak strains and separated unrelated strains in a subset analysis. An MLVA database was established for the 2,421 L. monocytogenes isolates, which allows for comparison of data among historical and new isolates of different sources. The subtyping method coupled with the MLVA database will help in effective monitoring/prevention approaches to identify environmental contamination by pathogenic strains of L. monocytogenes and investigation of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saleh-Lakha
- Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - V. G. Allen
- Public Health Ontario (PHO), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Li
- Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - F. Pagotto
- Listeriosis Reference Service, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Odumeru
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE), Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. Taboada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - M. Lombos
- Public Health Ontario (PHO), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. C. Tabing
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B. Blais
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D. Ogunremi
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - G. Downing
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Lee
- Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Gao
- Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Nadon
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S. Chen
- Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Liu D. Molecular approaches to the identification of pathogenic and nonpathogenic listeriae. Microbiol Insights 2013; 6:59-69. [PMID: 24826075 PMCID: PMC3987759 DOI: 10.4137/mbi.s10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria consists of a closely related group of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly occur in the environment and demonstrate varied pathogenic potential. Of the 10 species identified to date, L. monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen of both humans and animals, L. ivanovii mainly infects ungulates (eg., sheep and cattle), while other species (L. innocua, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri, L. grayi, L. marthii, L. rocourtiae, L. fleischmannii and L. weihenstephanensis) are essentially saprophytes. Within the species of L. monocytogenes, several serovars (e.g., 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b and 1/2c) are highly pathogenic and account for a majority of clinical isolations. Due to their close morphological, biological, biochemical and genetic similarities, laboratory identification of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria organisms is technically challenging. With the development and application of various molecular approaches, accurate and rapid discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria organisms, as well as pathogenic and nonpathogenic L. monocytogenes strains, has become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyou Liu
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Biosecurity Quality Assurance Programs, NSW, Australia
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Viswanath P, Murugesan L, Knabel SJ, Verghese B, Chikthimmah N, Laborde LF. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in a small-scale mushroom production facility. J Food Prot 2013; 76:608-15. [PMID: 23575122 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of significant concern to the agricultural and food processing industry because of its ability to grow and persist in cool and moist environments and its association with listeriosis, a disease with a very high mortality rate. Although there have been no listeriosis outbreaks attributed to fresh mushrooms in the United States, retail surveys and recalls are evidence that L. monocytogenes contamination of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) can occur. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes, in a small-scale mushroom production facility on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in the United States. Of 184 samples taken from five production zones within the facility, 29 (15.8%) samples were positive for Listeria spp. Among the Listeria spp. isolates, L. innocua was most prevalent (10.3%) followed by L. welshimeri (3.3%), L. monocytogenes (1.6%), and L. grayi (0.5%). L. monocytogenes was recovered only from the phase I raw material composting area. Isolates of L. monocytogenes were confirmed and serotyped by multiplex PCR. The epidemiological relatedness of the three L. monocytogenes isolates to those serotypes or lineages frequently encountered in listeriosis infections was determined by multi-virulence-locus sequence typing using six virulence genes, namely, prfA, inlB, inlC, dal, clpP, and lisR. The phylogenetic positions of the three isolates in the dendrogram prepared with data from other isolates of L. monocytogenes showed that all isolates were grouped with serotype 4a, lineage IIIA. To date, this serotype has rarely been reported in foodborne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema Viswanath
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Burall LS, Simpson AC, Datta AR. Evaluation of a serotyping scheme using a combination of an antibody-based serogrouping method and a multiplex PCR assay for identifying the major serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 2011; 74:403-9. [PMID: 21375876 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate a simplified serotyping scheme, we used a combination of an antibody-based serogrouping assay that identified only type 1 and type 4 strains and a multiplex PCR-based serogrouping assay to analyze 362 L. monocytogenes isolates collected over more than 20 years. The multiplex PCR assay also incorporated a set of primers specific for L. monocytogenes hlyA gene to verify the species identification of these isolates. A subset (n = 120) of these isolates were also serotyped with the Denka Seiken serotyping scheme, which is often considered the "gold standard" for serotyping of L. monocytogenes. The results indicate that the multiplex PCR-based assay, in combination with an antibody-based serogrouping assay, correctly identified serotypes of 96% of the previously serotyped isolates. Compared with the Denka Seiken method, the combination method also performed better in identifying serotypes of 120 previously unserotyped L. monocytogenes isolates. Thus, the combination scheme appears to be a simple and rapid way to identify serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 4b isolates, which are the predominant L. monocytogenes serotypes found in food, environmental, and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel S Burall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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Enteric Bacterial Pathogens with Zoonotic Potential Isolated from Farm-Raised Deer. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1031-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kersting AL, Medeiros LC, LeJeune JT. Differences in Listeria monocytogenes Contamination of Rural Ohio Residences With and Without Livestock. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:57-62. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann L. Kersting
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
| | | | - Jeffrey T. LeJeune
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
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Kérouanton A, Marault M, Petit L, Grout J, Dao TT, Brisabois A. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay as an alternative method for Listeria monocytogenes serotyping. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 80:134-7. [PMID: 19958798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes serotyping is commonly used as the first level of characterisation in the epidemiological surveillance of food and clinical isolates and is therefore widely accepted. The aim of this study was to define a scheme for multiplex molecular serotyping of L. monocytogenes based on a previously described PCR assay and then to evaluate and compare this new procedure with conventional serotyping by agglutination. The study included 1204 Listeria strains collected from food products in France, from March 2005 to October 2006. Two multiplex PCR assays were designed to cluster L. monocytogenes strains into five molecular serogroups: IIa, IIb, IIc, IVa, IVb in agreement with the most commonly encountered serotypes. Amplification of the prfA gene was added to the multiplex PCR to check for L. monocytogenes species; forty-eight (4%) of the isolates tested belonged to the genus Listeria but were not L. monocytogenes. Using this first multiplex PCR, the concordance between conventional and molecular methods was 90.6%, 97.8%, 100% and 100%, for 1/2a, 1/2c, 1/2b and 4b serotypes respectively. False results were observed for some atypical 1/2a, 3a and 1/2c strains. Therefore, this lack of specificity was resolved by using an additional PCR assay based on amplification of the flaA gene, a specific target of 1/2a and 3a strains. When applying the second PCR assay to IIa and IIc molecular serogroup strains, total agreement was obtained between molecular and conventional serotyping methods with a lower level of discrimination for the molecular one. This study proposes to define a strategy for molecular serotyping using both PCR assays: a multiplex and the flaA PCR in order to assign the atypical 1/2a, 3a and 1/2c strains. Moreover, prs gene detection was added for Listeria genus recognition as a positive control in association with flaA detection. Indeed, this molecular serotyping scheme could be considered as a useful and rapid method for first-level characterisation of the most frequently encountered L. monocytogenes serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaëlle Kérouanton
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, LERQAP, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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Neves E, Lourenço A, Silva AC, Coutinho R, Brito L. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from different sources and geographical origins and representative of the twelve serovars. Syst Appl Microbiol 2008; 31:387-92. [PMID: 18835121 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex-PCR (MPCR) serogrouping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping analysis are currently used by several public and private laboratories for the characterization of Listeria monocytogenes. In this study a set of 80 L. monocytogenes isolates belonging to the twelve serovars was used to investigate (i) the typeability of the rare serovars, (ii) the ability of PFGE analysis with ApaI and AscI to differentiate serovars within MPCR serogroups and (iii) the association of molecular types with the specific source or geographical origin of the isolates. With the exception of three isolates (rare serovars 4a and 4c) that were not amenable to restriction with ApaI, all the other analyzed isolates were subtyped by both enzymes. PFGE discriminated the 80 isolates into 62 combined ApaI and AscI PFGE patterns (pulsotypes), but could not differentiate serovars within MPCR serogroups, in which isolates from different serovars displaying the same pulsotype were found. Clustering analysis suggests that for some pulsotypes grouping according to Portuguese origin or source can be suggested. On the other hand, some L. monocytogenes clones are widely distributed. Two pulsotypes from Portuguese human isolates were identical to the ones displayed by human outbreak clones in the UK and in the USA and Switzerland, respectively, although they were not temporally matched. Computer-assisted data analysis of large and diverse PFGE type databases will improve the correct interpretation of subtyping data in epidemiological studies and in tracing routes and sources of contamination in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Neves
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, CBAA/DBEB, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
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Lyautey E, Lapen DR, Wilkes G, McCleary K, Pagotto F, Tyler K, Hartmann A, Piveteau P, Rieu A, Robertson WJ, Medeiros DT, Edge TA, Gannon V, Topp E. Distribution and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from surface waters of the South Nation River watershed, Ontario, Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5401-10. [PMID: 17630309 PMCID: PMC2042075 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00354-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen thought to be widely distributed in the environment. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates from surface waters derived from catchments within the South Nation River watershed (Ontario, Canada). This watershed is dominated by urban and rural development, livestock and crop production, and wildlife habitats. From June to November 2005, a total of 314 surface water samples were collected biweekly from 22 discrete sampling sites characterized by various upstream land uses. Presumptive Listeria spp. were isolated using a selective enrichment and isolation procedure, and 75 L. monocytogenes isolates were identified based on colony morphology, hemolytic activity, and amplification of three pathogenicity genes: iap, inlA, and hlyA. Thirty-two of 314 (10%) surface water samples were positive for the presence of L. monocytogenes, but detection ranged between 0 and 27% depending on the sampling date. Isolates belonging to serovar group 1/2a, 3a (50%) and group 4b, 4d, 4e (32%) were dominant. L. monocytogenes populations were resolved into 13 EcoRI ribotypes and 21 ApaI and 21 AscI pulsotypes. These had Simpson indexes of discrimination of up to 0.885. Lineage I-related isolates were dominant (61%) during the summer, whereas lineage II isolates were dominant (77%) in the fall. Isolates were, on average, resistant to 6.1 +/- 2.1 antibiotics out of 17 tested. Half of the L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited potential virulence linked to the production of a functional internalin A, and some isolates were found to be moderately to highly virulent by in vitro Caco-2 plaque formation assay (up to 28% of entry). There was a statistically significant link between the occurrence of L. monocytogenes and proximity to an upstream dairy farm and degree of cropped land. Our data indicate that L. monocytogenes is widespread in the studied catchments, where it could represent a public health issue related to agricultural land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lyautey
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3
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Nightingale K, Bovell L, Grajczyk A, Wiedmann M. Combined sigB allelic typing and multiplex PCR provide improved discriminatory power and reliability for Listeria monocytogenes molecular serotyping. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 68:52-9. [PMID: 16887224 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Conventional serotyping has traditionally been used to subtype Listeria monocytogenes, but has several limitations, including low discriminatory power and poor reproducibility. Molecular serotyping methods have been developed for L. monocytogenes, but generally show limited discriminatory power and high misclassification rates. We selected 157 Listeria isolates to evaluate a combination of a previously described multiplex PCR assay and sigB allelic typing as an alternative molecular serotyping and subtyping strategy for L. monocytogenes. While the multiplex PCR assay differentiated five L. monocytogenes subtypes (Simpson's Index of Discrimination [SID]=0.78), including classification of the most common disease-associated serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and lineage I 4b) into four distinct groups, it misclassified 3.8% of the isolates studied here. sigB allelic typing differentiated 29 subtypes (SID=0.87) and also allowed identification of lineage III L. monocytogenes, which could not be differentiated from the other Listeria spp. by the multiplex PCR assay. sigB allelic typing failed to differentiate serotype 1/2c and 1/2a isolates and one sigB allelic type included serotype 4b and 1/2b isolates. A molecular serotyping approach that combines multiplex PCR and sigB sequence data showed increased discriminatory power (SID=0.91) over either method alone as well as conventional serotyping (SID=0.87) and classifies the four major serotypes (i.e., 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b) into unique subgroups with a lower misclassification rate as compared to the multiplex PCR assay. This combined approach also differentiates lineage I serotype 4b isolates from the genetically distinct serotype 4b isolates classified into lineage III.
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Rebuffo-Scheer CA, Schmitt J, Scherer S. Differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes serovars by using artificial neural network analysis of Fourier-transformed infrared spectra. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:1036-40. [PMID: 17142376 PMCID: PMC1800759 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02004-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A classification system based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with artificial neural network analysis was designed to differentiate 12 serovars of Listeria monocytogenes using a reference database of 106 well-defined strains. External validation was performed using a test set of another 166 L. monocytogenes strains. The O antigens (serogroup) of 164 strains (98.8%) could be identified correctly, and H antigens were correctly determined in 152 (91.6%) of the test strains. Importantly, 40 out of 41 potentially epidemic serovar 4b strains were unambiguously identified. FTIR analysis is superior to PCR-based systems for serovar differentiation and has potential for the rapid, simultaneous identification of both species and serovar of an unknown Listeria isolate by simply measuring a whole-cell infrared spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Rebuffo-Scheer
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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Anjum MF, Tucker JD, Sprigings KA, Woodward MJ, Ehricht R. Use of miniaturized protein arrays for Escherichia coli O serotyping. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:561-7. [PMID: 16682477 PMCID: PMC1459650 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.13.5.561-567.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Serological typing of Escherichia coli O antigens is a well-established method used for differentiation and identification of O serotypes commonly associated with disease. In this feasibility study, we have developed a novel somatic antibody-based miniaturized microarray chip, using 17 antisera, which can be used to detect bound whole-cell E. coli antigen with its corresponding immobilized antibody, to assess the feasibility of this approach. The chip was tested using the related 17 control strains, and the O types found by the microarray chip showed 100% correlation with the O types found by conventional typing. A blind trial was performed in which 100 E. coli isolates that had been O serotyped previously by the conventional assay were tested by the array approach. Overall, the O serotypes of 88% of isolates were correctly identified by the microarray method. For several isolates, ambiguity of O-type designation by microarray arose due to increased sensitivity of this method, allowing signal intensities of cross-reactions to be quantified. Investigation of discrepancies between conventional and microarray O serotyping indicated that some isolates upon storage had become untypeable and, therefore, gave poor signal intensity when tested by the microarray or retested by conventional means. For all 20 serotype O26 and O157 isolates, the apparent discrepancy in O serotyping was analyzed further by a third independent test, which confirmed the microarray results. Therefore, the use of miniaturized protein arrays increases the speed and efficiency of O serotyping in a cost-effective manner, and these preliminary findings suggest the microarray approach may have a higher accuracy than those of traditional O-serotyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna F Anjum
- Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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