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Tetracycline Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Subtypes Emanating from Beef Cattle Administered Non-Therapeutic Chlortetracycline are Longitudinally Transmitted within the Production Continuum but are Not Detected in Ground Beef. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010023. [PMID: 31877744 PMCID: PMC7022225 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of the antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), chlortetracycline with sulfamethazine (AS700), on the development of antimicrobial resistance and longitudinal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni within the beef production continuum were empirically determined. Carriage of tetracycline resistance determinants in the enteric bacterial community increased at a greater rate for AS700-treatment cattle. The majority of the bacteria from animals administered AS700 carried tetW. Densities of C. jejuni shed in feces increased over the confined feeding period, and the administration of AS700 did not conspicuously reduce C. jejuni densities in feces or within the intestine. The majority of C. jejuni isolates recovered were resistant to tetracycline, but the resistance rates to other antibiotics was low (≤20.1%). The richness of C. jejuni subtypes recovered from AS700-treated animals that were either resistant or susceptible to tetracycline was reduced, indicating selection pressure due to AGP administration. Moreover, a degree of subtype-specific resistance to tetracycline was observed. tetO was the primary tetracycline resistance determinant conferring resistance in C. jejuni isolates recovered from cattle and people. Clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes (subtypes that represent a risk to human health) that were resistant to tetracycline were isolated from cattle feces, digesta, hides, the abattoir environment, and carcasses, but not from ground beef. Thus, study findings indicate that clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes associated with beef cattle, including those resistant to antibiotics, do not represent a significant foodborne risk.
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Ladely SR, Berrang ME, Meinersmann RJ, Cox NA. Campylobactermulti-locus sequence types and antimicrobial susceptibility of broiler cecal isolates: A two year study of 143 commercial flocks. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Ladely
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Food Safety Inspection Service, US National Poultry Research Center; Athens Georgia 30605
| | - Mark. E. Berrang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center; Athens Georgia 30605
| | - Richard J. Meinersmann
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center; Athens Georgia 30605
| | - Nelson A. Cox
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center; Athens Georgia 30605
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Jonaidi-Jafari N, Khamesipour F, Ranjbar R, Kheiri R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from the avian eggs. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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De Sotto RB, Medriano CAD, Salcedo DE, Lee H, Cho Y, Kim S. Effects of solids retention time on the fate of tetracycline resistance in SBRs for the treatment of carcass leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:298-303. [PMID: 27372252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the event of a foot and mouth disease outbreak, further spread of the virus is generally prevented by culling of infected animals in burial pits. This practice may eventually lead to groundwater contamination through leaching of wastewater from the animal carcasses. Wastewater from carcass leachate often contains antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes as well as traces of pharmaceuticals, and a high nutrient content. The role of operational parameters used in activated sludge treatment of this wastewater in the spread of antibiotic resistance has not been fully understood. This study investigated the fate of tetracycline-resistant bacteria and genes in sequencing batch reactors with synthetic carcass leachate at different solid retention times. Escherichia coli DH5α was used as the representative tetracycline-resistant bacteria with multiple antibiotic-resistant genes encoded in plasmid pB10. Solids retention time contributed to an increase in antibiotic resistance in SBRC (SRT = 25 days) with TRB values up to 1.25 × 10(7) CFU/mL which is one log higher than the influent. Microbial community analysis of the DNA samples from effluent of SBRC showed four major phyla: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria under which are ecologically-important microbial species. It was shown that antibiotic resistance genes cannot be eliminated during treatment of synthetic carcass leachate in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B De Sotto
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program for Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea
| | - C A D Medriano
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program for Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea
| | - D E Salcedo
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program for Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea
| | - H Lee
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program for Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300-716, South Korea.
| | - S Kim
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program for Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea.
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Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is among the most frequent agent of foodborne gastroenteritis in the world, but its physiology and pathogenesis is less well understood than other bacterial enteric pathogens. This is due in part to the incompatibility of the molecular tools that have enabled advances in the characterization of other bacterial species. Most notably, the dearth of plasmid-based complementation, reporter assays, and plasmid-based unmarked mutagenesis procedures in many of the type strains has hindered research progress. The techniques themselves are not inadequate in Campylobacter species, but rather the barrier to genetic transfer of these genetic constructs from non-Campylobacter cloning stains such as Escherichia coli. Here, we review the modes of genetic transfer in C. jejuni and review the current state of research into the mechanism of each. Also reviewed are two systems (CRISPR-Cas and restriction modification) that are common to many strains of C. jejuni and are at least partly responsible for these barriers.
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Ghimire L, Singh DK, Basnet HB, Bhattarai RK, Dhakal S, Sharma B. Prevalence, antibiogram and risk factors of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in dressed porcine carcass of Chitwan, Nepal. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:85. [PMID: 24708489 PMCID: PMC3985546 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is the primary cause of food borne gastroenteritis. Moreover, the emergence of multiple drug resistant campylobacters from poultry and pork has produced a potential threat to public health. Research addressing these issues is sparse in Nepal. So, this cross-sectional study aims at determining the prevalence, antibiogram and risk factors of campylobacters from dressed porcine carcass of Chitwan, Nepal. RESULTS We collected 139 samples of dressed porcine carcass from 10 different pork shops located in Chitwan district and processed according to OIE Terrestrial Manual, 2008, chapter 2.8.10. Antibiogram of identified Campylobacter spp. was evaluated against nine commonly used antibiotics by using disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 38.84% (C. coli 76% and C. jejuni 24%). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the prevalence rate of male (32.4%) and female (41%) carcass. Ampicillin and erythromycin showed the highest resistance (92.59% each) followed by colistin (72.2%), tetracycline (61.1%), nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole (44.4% each), ciprofloxacin (31.5%) and gentamicin (5.56%). Moreover, 77.8% of the isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobials. Nalidixic acid and tetracycline showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the resistivity pattern among different species of Campylobacters. The association between prevalence rate and regular sanitization of slaughter slab equipments was significant (p < 0.05). Similarly, prevalence rate was significantly associated (p < 0.01) with chilling and contamination of intestinal content with carcass. CONCLUSIONS The pork meat of Chitwan is highly contaminated with antibiotic-resistant Campylobacters and slaughtering practices play significant role in contamination. It is necessary to train the butchers about hygienic slaughtering practice. The consumers as well as butchers should adopt safety measures to prevent themselves from antibiotic resistant campylobacters. The veterinary practitioners should adopt prudent use of antibiotics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Ghimire
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur Campus, Nepal; and Manager at Dairy Value Chain-Development Project, Dang, Nepal.
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Noormohamed A, Fakhr MK. A higher prevalence rate of Campylobacter in retail beef livers compared to other beef and pork meat cuts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2058-68. [PMID: 23698698 PMCID: PMC3709364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10052058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in retail beef, beef livers, and pork meats purchased from the Tulsa (OK, USA) area and to further characterize the isolates obtained through antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 97 chilled retail beef (50 beef livers and 47 other cuts), and 100 pork samples were collected. The prevalence of Campylobacter in beef livers was 39/50 (78%), while no Campylobacter was isolated from the other beef cuts. The prevalence in pork samples was 2/100 (2%). A total of 108 Campylobacter isolates (102 beef livers isolates and six pork isolates) were subjected to antimicrobial resistance profiling against sixteen different antimicrobials that belong to eight different antibiotic classes. Of the six pork Campylobacter coli isolates, four showed resistance to all antimicrobials tested. Among the beef liver isolates, the highest antibiotic resistances were to tetracyclines and β-lactams, while the lowest resistances were to macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and phenicols. Resistances to the fluoroquinolone, macrolide, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, β-lactam, lincosamide, and phenicol antibiotic classes were significantly higher in Campylobacter coli than Campylobacter jejuni isolates. Multidrug Resistance (MDR) among the 102 Campylobacter (33 Campylobacter jejuni and 69 Campylobacter coli) beef liver isolates was significantly higher in Campylobacter coli (62%) than Campylobacter jejuni (39%). The high prevalence of Campylobacter in retail beef livers and their antimicrobial resistance raise concern about the safety of these retail products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Noormohamed
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
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Characterization of the dehydratase WcbK and the reductase WcaG involved in GDP-6-deoxy-manno-heptose biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni. Biochem J 2011; 439:235-48. [PMID: 21711244 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The capsule of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 comprises the unusual 6-deoxy-α-D-altro-heptose, whose biosynthesis and function are not known. In the present study, we characterized enzymes of the capsular cluster, WcbK and WcaG, to determine their role in 6-deoxy-altro-heptose synthesis. These enzymes are similar to the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis GDP-manno-heptose dehydratase/reductase DmhA/DmhB that we characterized previously. Capillary electrophoresis and MS analyses showed that WcbK is a GDP-manno-heptose dehydratase whose product can be reduced by WcaG, and that WcbK/WcaG can use the substrate GDP-mannose, although with lower efficiency than heptose. Comparison of kinetic parameters for WcbK and DmhA indicated that the relaxed substrate specificity of WcbK comes at the expense of catalytic performance on GDP-manno-heptose. Moreover, although WcbK/WcaG and DmhA/DmhB are involved in altro- versus manno-heptose synthesis respectively, the enzymes can be used interchangeably in mixed reactions. NMR spectroscopy analyses indicated conservation of the sugar manno configuration during catalysis by WcbK/WcaG. Therefore additional capsular enzymes may perform the C3 epimerization necessary to generate 6-deoxy-altro-heptose. Finally, a conserved residue (Thr(187) in WcbK) potentially involved in substrate specificity was identified by structural modelling of mannose and heptose dehydratases. Site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analyses demonstrated its importance for enzymatic activity on heptose and mannose substrates.
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Tadesse DA, Bahnson PB, Funk JA, Thakur S, Morrow WEM, Wittum T, DeGraves F, Rajala-Schultz P, Gebreyes WA. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ofCampylobacterSpp. Isolated from Conventional and Antimicrobial-Free Swine Production Systems from Different U.S. Regions. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:367-74. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Tadesse
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, Maryland
| | | | - Julie A. Funk
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- North Carolina State University, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - William E. Morgan Morrow
- North Carolina State University, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Fred DeGraves
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paivi Rajala-Schultz
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Deckert A, Valdivieso-Garcia A, Reid-Smith R, Tamblyn S, Seliske P, Irwin R, Dewey C, Boerlin P, McEwen SA. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail chicken in two health units in Ontario. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1317-24. [PMID: 20615345 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.7.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the Perth and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph public health units in Ontario, Canada, to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken. Retail chicken samples were collected from randomly selected stores in these health units. Resulting Campylobacter isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), nalidixic acid (NAL), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) using the E test. The prevalence of Campylobacter in 1,256 retail chicken samples was 59.6%. Of these positive samples, 9% contained Campylobacter coli, 1% contained Campylobacter lari, and 90% contained Campylobacter jejuni. Of the chicken isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, 301 isolates (40%) were resistant to one agent, 374 (50%) were resistant to two, 39 (5%) were resistant to three, 20 (3%) were resistant to four, and 6 (1%) were resistant to five. Nine isolates (1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were susceptible to AMC, CHL, and GEN. Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to NAL, CIP, CLI, ERY, and AMP. Resistance to TCY was common (56%). No isolates had a resistance pattern that included all three antimicrobials important in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis (CIP, ERY, and TCY); however, 24 isolates (3.2%) were resistant to at least two of these antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Deckert
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Lutgen EM, McEvoy JM, Sherwood JS, Logue CM. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular subtyping of Campylobacter spp. from processed turkey. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:203. [PMID: 19772592 PMCID: PMC2758883 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is a major cause of human disease worldwide and poultry are identified as a significant source of this pathogen. Most disease in humans is associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry or cross-contamination with other foods. The primary drugs of choice for treatment of human campylobacteriosis include erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of resistance to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in Campylobacter isolates recovered from turkey carcasses at two processing plants in the Upper Midwest US. Further analysis of a subset of isolates was carried out to assess resistance and genotype profiles. RESULTS Campylobacter isolates from plant A (n = 439; including 196 C. coli and 217 C. jejuni) and plant B (n = 362, including 281 C. coli and 62 C. jejuni) were tested for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin using agar dilution. C. coli were more frequently resistant than C. jejuni in both plants, including resistance to ciprofloxacin (28% of C. jejuni and 63% of C. coli, plant B; and 11% of C. coli, plant A). Erythromycin resistance was low among C. jejuni (0% plant A and 0.3% plant B) compared to C. coli (41%, plant A and 17%, plant B). One hundred resistant and susceptible isolates were selected for additional antimicrobial susceptibility testing, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the flaA gene (fla typing), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fla-PFGE types obtained (n = 37) were associated with a specific plant with the exception of one type that was isolated from both plants. C. coli isolates (n = 65) were grouped into 20 types, while C. jejuni isolates (n = 35) were grouped into 17 types. Most isolates with identical fla-PFGE patterns shared identical or very similar antimicrobial resistance profiles. PFGE alone and composite analysis using fla-PFGE with resistance profiles separated C. jejuni and C. coli into distinct groups. CONCLUSION Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter recovered from processed turkey occurred more frequently among C. coli than C. jejuni. Fla-PFGE types were associated with a particular species, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and a specific plant. Molecular subtyping in this study provided more information about the relationships among antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter at the processing level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Lutgen
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Rosengren LB, Waldner CL, Reid-Smith RJ, Valdivieso-Garcia A. Associations between antimicrobial exposure and resistance in fecal Campylobacter spp. from grow-finish pigs on-farm in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. J Food Prot 2009; 72:482-9. [PMID: 19343934 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.3.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. (n = 405), isolated from the feces of apparently healthy grow-finish pigs in 20 herds, were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials representing seven classes. Twelve percent of the isolates were susceptible to all drugs, while 64% were resistant to two or more antimicrobial classes. Resistance was most common to clindamycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin (71% each), and 10% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. An antimicrobial use risk-factor analysis and a variance analysis explored the connection between antimicrobial resistance and the herd. The antimicrobial exposure of each production phase of each herd, through feed and water, was evaluated as a potential risk factor for resistance to macrolides and quinolones. Every 100,000 pig days of macrolide exposure in nursery pigs increased the odds of resistance to macrolides by a factor of 1.3. In contrast, the odds of resistance to a quinolone were nine times higher in Campylobacter from herds without beta-lactam exposure in grow-finish pigs compared with those with exposure. The variance analysis identified remarkably high clustering between isolates within herds; the intraclass correlations for resistances ranged from 0.52 to 0.82. Such extreme clustering demonstrates the potential for herd-level interventions to influence antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter. The three key findings of this study, i.e., the prevalent resistance to macrolides, the association between macrolide exposure and Campylobacter resistance to macrolides, and the high clustering of resistance within herds, illustrate the need for continued study of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter on pig farms and the importance of judicious antimicrobial use in pork production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh B Rosengren
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4.
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Hariharan H, Sharma S, Chikweto A, Matthew V, DeAllie C. Antimicrobial drug resistance as determined by the E-test in Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari isolates from the ceca of broiler and layer chickens in Grenada. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 32:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThis paper reviews the present state of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the zoonotic bacteria Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, and in Escherichia coli from chickens and turkeys. For Salmonella, the frequencies and patterns of AMR vary depending on time, region, serovar, the particular farm, layers versus broilers, and the antimicrobial agent. There is usually a higher frequency of AMR in Salmonella from turkeys compared with Salmonella from chickens. Clonal and horizontal transmission of AMR occur and there is concern about the spread of transmissible plasmids that encode extended spectrum cephalosporinases. Resistance to fluoroquinolones is generally low. For Campylobacter, resistance to tetracycline is usually at moderate to high frequency, resistance to quinolones/fluoroquinolones varies from low to high, and resistance to macrolides is usually low. There are high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance in some countries. Avian pathogenic E. coli are often highly resistant, especially to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Plasmid-mediated resistance is common. High levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from China. Commensal E. coli from poultry have similar patterns of resistance but at lower frequencies. Integron associated resistance occurs commonly in Salmonella and E. coli but has not been detected in Campylobacter.
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FATONI AMIN, ARTIKA IMADE, HASAN AHMADENDANGZAINAL, KUSWANDI. Antibacterial Activity of Propolis Produced by Trigona spp. Against Campylobacter spp. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.15.4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Kilonzo-Nthenge A, Nahashon SN, Chen F, Adefope N. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Chicken and Guinea Fowl. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1841-8. [PMID: 18753453 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Kilonzo-Nthenge
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research, Tennessee State University, Nashville 37209-1561, USA
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Ravishankar S, Zhu L, Law B, Joens L, Friedman M. Plant-derived compounds inactivate antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains. J Food Prot 2008; 71:1145-9. [PMID: 18592739 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.6.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-three Campylobacter jejuni isolates were screened for their resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin, cefaclor, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Based on this screen, the resistant strains D28a and H2a and the nonresistant strain A24a were selected for evaluation of their resistance and susceptibility to inactivation by cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol, the main constituents of plant-derived cinnamon and oregano oils, respectively. Different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% [vol/vol] in sterile phosphate-buffered saline) of cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol were added to C. jejuni cultures with initial populations of 10(4) CFU/ml. The samples were then mixed thoroughly and incubated at 37 degrees C. Viable bacterial populations were enumerated at incubation periods of 0, 30, 60, and 120 min. The results indicate that the extent of inhibition of microbial survival was related to both the nature and concentration of antimicrobials and the incubation time. Both cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol exhibited rapid antimicrobial activity against both antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant C. jejuni strains, at concentrations of approximately 0.1% and higher. The antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde was greater than that of carvacrol. The possible significance of the results for microbiological food safety is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, 1117 East Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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Shin E, Lee Y. Antimicrobial resistance of 114 porcine isolates of Campylobacter coli. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 118:223-7. [PMID: 17716763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter species were isolated from 24 pig farms in 10 different regions of Korea, and were assayed with regard to their susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents. A total of 114 Campylobacter isolates from 572 intestinal samples were all identified as C. coli via both classical methods and molecular methods, including 16S rDNA sequence analysis and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using specific primer sets for the hippuricase gene and the aspartokinase gene, designed to differentiate C. coli from C. jejuni. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of seven antimicrobial agents were determined via agar dilution: the MIC(90)s were 64 microg/ml for ampicillin, 8 microg/ml for chloramphenicol, 64 microg/ml for ciprofloxacin, 16 microg/ml for enrofloxacin, >or=128 microg/ml for erythromycin, >or=128 microg/ml for gentamicin, and >or=128 microg/ml for tetracycline. The proportion of isolates resistant to each antimicrobial agent was as follows: 28.9% for ampicillin, 2.6% for chloramphenicol, 84.2% for ciprofloxacin, 83.3% for enrofloxacin, 46.5% for erythromycin, 20.2% for gentamicin, and 56.1% for tetracycline. All 114 isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 61 isolates (53.5%) were found to be multi-drug resistant (resistant to more than three antimicrobial agents in different classes).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shin
- Culture Collection of Antimicrobial Resistant Microbes, Department of Biology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
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Hong J, Kim JM, Jung WK, Kim SH, Bae W, Koo HC, Gil J, Kim M, Ser J, Park YH. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken meat, pork, and beef in Korea, from 2001 to 2006. J Food Prot 2007; 70:860-6. [PMID: 17477253 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.4.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 770 samples of retail raw meat were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. The samples were obtained randomly from 232 retail stores in Korea from September 2001 to April 2006. The highest contamination rates were observed in chicken meat (220 181.4%] of 270 samples), whereas the rates of contamination in pork and beef were extremely low (1.6 and 1.2%, respectively). The antibiotic-resistant patterns of the 317 Campylobacter isolates were examined by the agar dilution method. Resistance to doxycycline was the most common (97.5%), followed by ciprofloxacin (95.9%), nalidixic acid (94.6%), tetracycline (94.6%), enrofloxacin (84.2%), and erythromycin (13.6%). All Campylobacter isolates from the retail raw meat were resistant to at least one of the six antibiotics tested, and 296 isolates (93.4%) showed multidrug (four or more antibiotics) resistance. This demonstrates that the multidrug-resistant Campylobacter species are widespread in meats in Korea. Therefore, further investigations will be needed to determine appropriate methods for eliminating Campylobacter contamination in industrial chicken production and food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbae Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Lévesque S, Frost E, Michaud S. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans, chickens, raw milk, and environmental water in Québec. J Food Prot 2007; 70:729-35. [PMID: 17388066 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.3.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline among 384 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans (245), fresh whole retail chickens (56), raw milk (33), and environmental water (41) collected between 2000 and 2003 in Québec, Canada. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was significantly more frequent in human isolates acquired abroad than in those acquired locally (50 versus 5.9%; P < 0.001); ciprofloxacin resistance was almost absent in water, chicken, and raw milk isolates. In contrast, resistance to erythromycin was significantly more common in chicken than in locally acquired human isolates (16 versus 3.0%, respectively; P < 0.001); no erythromycin resistance was found among water, raw milk, and human isolates acquired abroad. Resistance to tetracycline was significantly more common in chicken and human isolates acquired locally (58.9 and 45.8%, respectively) than in raw milk and water isolates (9.1 and 7.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). Tetracycline resistance was also observed in 44.4% of human isolates acquired abroad. No human isolate was resistant to both ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, but one chicken isolate was resistant to all three antimicrobial agents. Our results suggest that from 2000 to 2003 in Québec, antimicrobial resistance remained stable among locally acquired C. jejuni human clinical isolates and might even have decreased. However, the high erythromycin resistance rate observed among chicken isolates is concerning because of the risk of transmission of such isolates to humans. Additional studies are needed to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance among food, environment, and human C. jejuni isolates as well as antibiotic use in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lévesque
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculté de Mèdecine de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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