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Gonzales-Barron U, Cadavez V, De Oliveira Mota J, Guillier L, Sanaa M. A Critical Review of Risk Assessment Models for Listeria monocytogenes in Seafood. Foods 2024; 13:716. [PMID: 38472829 PMCID: PMC10930801 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive listeriosis, due to its severe nature in susceptible populations, has been the focus of many quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models aiming to provide a valuable guide in future risk management efforts. A review of the published QRA models of Listeria monocytogenes in seafood was performed, with the objective of appraising the effectiveness of the control strategies at different points along the food chain. It is worth noting, however, that the outcomes of a QRA model are context-specific, and influenced by the country and target population, the assumptions that are employed, and the model architecture itself. Studies containing QRA models were retrieved through a literature search using properly connected keywords on Scopus and PubMed®. All 13 QRA models that were recovered were of short scope, covering, at most, the period from the end of processing to consumption; the majority (85%) focused on smoked or gravad fish. Since the modelled pathways commenced with the packaged product, none of the QRA models addressed cross-contamination events. Many models agreed that keeping the product's temperature at 4.0-4.5 °C leads to greater reductions in the final risk of listeriosis than reducing the shelf life by one week and that the effectiveness of both measures can be surpassed by reducing the initial occurrence of L. monocytogenes in the product (at the end of processing). It is, therefore, necessary that future QRA models for RTE seafood contain a processing module that can provide insight into intervention strategies that can retard L. monocytogenes' growth, such as the use of bacteriocins, ad hoc starter cultures and/or organic acids, and other strategies seeking to reduce cross-contamination at the facilities, such as stringent controls for sanitation procedures. Since risk estimates were shown to be moderately driven by growth kinetic parameters, namely, the exponential growth rate, the minimum temperature for growth, and the maximum population density, further work is needed to reduce uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Juliana De Oliveira Mota
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization (WHO), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization (WHO), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Sullivan G, Wiedmann M. Detection and Prevalence of Listeria in U.S. Produce Packinghouses and Fresh-Cut Facilities. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1656-1666. [PMID: 32421820 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes (LM) contamination of produce can often be traced back to the environment of packinghouses and fresh-cut facilities. Because there is limited information on the detection, prevalence, and distribution of this pathogen in produce operations, environmental "routine sampling" plans for LM and other Listeria spp. were developed and implemented in three packinghouses and five fresh-cut facilities in the United States. For routine sampling, a total of 2,014 sponge samples were collected over six to eight separate samplings per operation, performed over 1 year; vector and preproduction samples (n = 156) were also collected as needed to follow up on positive findings. In addition, a single "validation sampling" visit by an outside expert was used to evaluate the routine sampling. Among the 2,014 routine sponge samples collected, 35 and 30 were positive for LM and Listeria species other than LM (LS), respectively. LM prevalence varied from 0.8 to 5.8% for packinghouses and <0.4 to 1.6% for fresh-cut facilities. Among the 394 validation sponge samples, 23 and 13 were positive for LM and LS, respectively. Validation sampling found statistically significantly higher LM prevalence compared with routine sampling for three of eight operations. For all samples collected, up to eight isolates per sample were characterized by sequencing of sigB, which allowed for classification into sigB allelic types. Among the 97 samples with more than one Listeria isolate characterized, 28 had more than one sigB allelic type present, including 18 sponges that were positive for LM and another Listeria species and 13 sponges that were positive for more than one LM subtype. This indicates that collection of multiple isolates is necessary to capture Listeria diversity present in produce operations. Additionally, 17 of 77 sponges that were positive for LM were positive at only one enrichment time (i.e., 24 or 48 h), indicating that LM testing after two different enrichment times provides enhanced sensitivity. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Sullivan
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6821-0296 [G.S.]
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-5662 [M.W.])
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Characterization of Anti-Listeria monocytogenes Properties of two Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus mundtii Isolated from Fresh Fish and Seafood. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1010-1019. [PMID: 31183517 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study addressed the bacteriocin production in 116 lactic acid bacteria isolated from 143 fish and seafood samples. The screening for the production of antibacterial substances allowed for the selection of 16 LAB isolates endowed with inhibitory capability. Bacteriocins (bacLP17 and bacLP18) of two strains, Enterococcus mundtii LP17 and Enterococcus mundtii LP18, respectively, isolated from red mullet and sardine samples, determined large inhibition zones against all the Listeria species. Virulence traits and antibiotic resistances of all producers were verified, and no isolates presented dangerous characteristics, including the two best bacteriocin producers E. mundtii LP17 and E. mundtii LP18, which were subsequently investigated for their potential use in fish and seafood products biopreservation. For both strains, the highest level of bacteriocin production (1280 AU/ml) was recorded when cells were grown at 30 °C in MRS broth at pH ranging from 6.0 to 9.0, and high levels of adsorption of bacteriocins, bacLP17 and bacLP18, to the target cells Listeria monocytogenes were also observed. The results obtained in this study revealed that two strains of E. mundtii originating from seafood exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes and may be useful in controlling the growth of this pathogen in the same food products.
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Jagadeesan B, Baert L, Wiedmann M, Orsi RH. Comparative Analysis of Tools and Approaches for Source Tracking Listeria monocytogenes in a Food Facility Using Whole-Genome Sequence Data. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:947. [PMID: 31143162 PMCID: PMC6521219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As WGS is increasingly used by food industry to characterize pathogen isolates, users are challenged by the variety of analysis approaches available, ranging from methods that require extensive bioinformatics expertise to commercial software packages. This study aimed to assess the impact of analysis pipelines (i.e., different hqSNP pipelines, a cg/wgMLST pipeline) and the reference genome selection on analysis results (i.e., hqSNP and allelic differences as well as tree topologies) and conclusion drawn. For these comparisons, whole genome sequences were obtained for 40 Listeria monocytogenes isolates collected over 18 years from a cold-smoked salmon facility and 2 other isolates obtained from different facilities as part of academic research activities; WGS data were analyzed with three hqSNP pipelines and two MLST pipelines. After initial clustering using a k-mer based approach, hqSNP pipelines were run using two types of reference genomes: (i) closely related closed genomes (“closed references”) and (ii) high-quality de novo assemblies of the dataset isolates (“draft references”). All hqSNP pipelines identified similar hqSNP difference ranges among isolates in a given cluster; use of different reference genomes showed minimal impacts on hqSNP differences identified between isolate pairs. Allelic differences obtained by wgMLST showed similar ranges as hqSNP differences among isolates in a given cluster; cgMLST consistently showed fewer differences than wgMLST. However, phylogenetic trees and dendrograms, obtained based on hqSNP and cg/wgMLST data, did show some incongruences, typically linked to clades supported by low bootstrap values in the trees. When a hqSNP cutoff was used to classify isolates as “related” or “unrelated,” use of different pipelines yielded a considerable number of discordances; this finding supports that cut-off values are valuable to provide a starting point for an investigation, but supporting and epidemiological evidence should be used to interpret WGS data. Overall, our data suggest that cgMLST-based data analyses provide for appropriate subtype differentiation and can be used without the need for preliminary data analyses (e.g., k-mer based clustering) or external closed reference genomes, simplifying data analyses needs. hqSNP or wgMLST analyses can be performed on the isolate clusters identified by cgMLST to increase the precision on determining the genomic similarity between isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Jagadeesan
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leen Baert
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Aalto-Araneda M, Lundén J, Markkula A, Hakola S, Korkeala H. Processing plant and machinery sanitation and hygiene practices associate with Listeria monocytogenes occurrence in ready-to-eat fish products. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:455-464. [PMID: 31027805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes the foodborne illness listeriosis, which exhibits high fatality among people in risk groups. The incidence of listeriosis has increased in Europe, which raises concerns about L. monocytogenes occurrence in foodstuffs. Ready-to-eat seafood products are considered particularly risky vehicles. Poor hygiene at processing facilities predisposes them to L. monocytogenes contamination, which can be controlled by stringent self-checking system measures. We examined the association of fish-processing plant operational and hygiene practices with the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in vacuum-packaged gravad (cold-salted) and cold-smoked salmon and rainbow trout products. Product sampling of 21 fish-processing plants was carried out, and operational procedures relating to L. monocytogenes control were surveyed using an in-depth risk assessment questionnaire. L. monocytogenes occurred only in sliced and mainly in gravad products of seven fish-processing plants. Shortages in preventive measures were discovered predominantly among the L. monocytogenes positive fish-processing plants. Using generalized linear modeling, we identified the following features associated with L. monocytogenes product contamination: the number of processing machines, deficiencies in the processing environment and machinery sanitation, and staff movement from areas of low toward high hygiene. Furthermore, performing frequent periodic thorough sanitation alongside everyday sanitation practices associated with a decreased risk of product contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Aalto-Araneda
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Janne Lundén
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Markkula
- Microbiological Food Safety Unit, Food Safety Department, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Hakola
- Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Zoellner C, Jennings R, Wiedmann M, Ivanek R. EnABLe: An agent-based model to understand Listeria dynamics in food processing facilities. Sci Rep 2019; 9:495. [PMID: 30679513 PMCID: PMC6346090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of pathogens in food processing facilities by routine environmental monitoring (EM) is essential to reduce the risk of foodborne illness but is complicated by the complexity of equipment and environment surfaces. To optimize design of EM programs, we developed EnABLe ("Environmental monitoring with an Agent-Based Model of Listeria"), a detailed and customizable agent-based simulation of a built environment. EnABLe is presented here in a model system, tracing Listeria spp. (LS) (an indicator for conditions that allow the presence of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes) on equipment and environment surfaces in a cold-smoked salmon facility. EnABLe was parameterized by existing literature and expert elicitation and validated with historical data. Simulations revealed different contamination dynamics and risks among equipment surfaces in terms of the presence, level and persistence of LS. Grouping of surfaces by their LS contamination dynamics identified connectivity and sanitary design as predictors of contamination, indicating that these features should be considered in the design of EM programs to detect LS. The EnABLe modeling approach is particularly timely for the frozen food industry, seeking science-based recommendations for EM, and may also be relevant to other complex environments where pathogen contamination presents risks for direct or indirect human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Zoellner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Rachel Jennings
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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7
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Aalto-Araneda M, Korkeala H, Lundén J. Strengthening the efficacy of official food control improves Listeria monocytogenes prevention in fish-processing plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13105. [PMID: 30166603 PMCID: PMC6117308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuum-packaged cold-salted and cold-smoked fish products are considered typical vehicles for Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of the food-borne disease listeriosis, which is increasingly prevalent in the European Union. Efficacy of both the fish processing plant self-checking system and official food control conducted by authorities are crucial for L. monocytogenes prevention in the processing of these risky products. However, the impact of official control on L. monocytogenes prevention in the processing of fish products has not been extensively studied. We investigated the occurrence, control measures, and correction of non-compliances predisposing to L. monocytogenes in Finnish fish processing plants. The following features were associated with L. monocytogenes occurrence: (a) frequency of non-compliances concerning processing machinery, (b) recurrence of non-compliances, and (c) frequency of non-compliances for which official control measures were requested by inspecting authorities. Official control of fish processing plants had focused on risky areas, but non-compliances were common and their correction exhibited deficiencies. We conclude that L. monocytogenes prevention in fish processing can be enhanced by strengthening official food control measures and processing plant compliance. In particular, timely correction of all food safety violations must be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Aalto-Araneda
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Lundén
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Zoellner C, Ceres K, Ghezzi-Kopel K, Wiedmann M, Ivanek R. Design Elements of Listeria Environmental Monitoring Programs in Food Processing Facilities: A Scoping Review of Research and Guidance Materials. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1156-1171. [PMID: 33350161 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), the causative agent of listeriosis, in food processing facilities presents considerable challenges to food producers and food safety authorities. Design of an effective, risk-based environmental monitoring (EM) program is essential for finding and eliminating Lm from the processing environment to prevent product contamination. A scoping review was conducted to collate and synthesize available research and guidance materials on Listeria EM in food processing facilities. An exhaustive search was performed to identify all available research, industry and regulatory documents, and search results were screened for relevance based on eligibility criteria. After screening, 198 references were subjected to an in-depth review and categorized according to objectives for conducting Listeria sampling in food processing facilities and food sector. Mapping of the literature revealed research and guidance gaps by food sector, as fresh produce was the focus in only 10 references, compared to 72 on meat, 52 on fish and seafood, and 50 on dairy. Review of reported practices and guidance highlighted key design elements of EM, including the number, location, timing and frequency of sampling, as well as methods of detection and confirmation, and record-keeping. While utilization of molecular subtyping methods is a trend that will continue to advance understanding of Listeria contamination risks, improved study design and reporting standards by researchers will be essential to assist the food industry optimize their EM design and decision-making. The comprehensive collection of documents identified and synthesized in this review aids continued efforts to minimize the risk of Lm contaminated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Zoellner
- Dept. of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, U.S.A
| | - Kristina Ceres
- Dept. of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, U.S.A
| | - Kate Ghezzi-Kopel
- Albert R. Mann Library, Univ. Library, 237 Mann Dr, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, U.S.A
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Dept. of Food Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, U.S.A
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Dept. of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850, U.S.A
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9
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Vongkamjan K, Fuangpaiboon J, Jirachotrapee S, Turner MP. Occurrence and diversity of Listeria spp. in seafood processing plant environments. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Comparison of five methods for direct extraction of surface proteins from Listeria monocytogenes for proteomic analysis by orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 110:54-60. [PMID: 25578509 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of surface proteins, with minimal artifacts from contaminating cytosolic components, are highly desirable for investigating surface factors involved in the attachment and formation of biofilms by bacteria that are problematic in commercial food processing facilities. In this study, we compared the protein profiles of the food pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, recovered after applying different surface protein extraction methods compiled from the literature: trypsin-enzymatic shaving with BICAM/sucrose or Tris/sucrose buffers (Tryp B+S, Tryp T+S), Tris-buffered urea (UB), lithium chloride (LiCl) and Tris-buffered urea applied with hypotonic-stressed cells (UB-Ghost), and subjected them to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and protein identification. The data indicate that the UB-Ghost extraction method provides a cleaner extract of surface proteins including the predicted (this study and the literature) or validated members (literature) from L. monocytogenes. This was determined by an accumulative lower unique peptide number exhibited by mass spectrometry for total cytoplasmic proteins among different surface extracts, with a majority of proteins demonstrating hydrophilic properties. The extracted proteins were from different functional categories and have associations with the cell surface, intermediary metabolism, information pathways, or functionally unknown proteins as suggested by in silico analyses performed by other groups (Leger and ListiList). The utilization of an optimized method for surface protein extraction should greatly facilitate identification by LC-MS/MS that could be useful to anyone working on molecular proteomics of bacterial surfaces.
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Simmons C, Stasiewicz MJ, Wright E, Warchocki S, Roof S, Kause JR, Bauer N, Ibrahim S, Wiedmann M, Oliver HF. Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. contamination patterns in retail delicatessen establishments in three U.S. states. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1929-39. [PMID: 25364927 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Postprocessing contamination in processing plants has historically been a significant source of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat delicatessen meats, and therefore a major cause of human listeriosis cases and outbreaks. Recent risk assessments suggest that a majority of human listeriosis cases linked to consumption of contaminated deli meats may be due to L. monocytogenes contamination that occurs at the retail level. To better understand the ecology and transmission of Listeria spp. in retail delicatessens, food and nonfood contact surfaces were tested for L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in a longitudinal study conducted in 30 retail delis in three U.S. states. In phase I of the study, seven sponge samples were collected monthly for 3 months in 15 delis (5 delis per state) prior to start of daily operation; in phase II, 28 food contact and nonfood contact sites were sampled in each of 30 delis during daily operation for 6 months. Among the 314 samples collected during phase I, 6.8% were positive for L. monocytogenes. Among 4,503 samples collected during phase II, 9.5% were positive for L. monocytogenes; 9 of 30 delis showed low L. monocytogenes prevalence (<1%) for all surfaces. A total of 245 Listeria spp. isolates, including 184 Listeria innocua, 48 Listeria seeligeri, and 13 Listeria welshimeri were characterized. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to characterize 446 L. monocytogenes isolates. PFGE showed that for 12 of 30 delis, one or more PFGE types were isolated on at least three separate occasions, providing evidence for persistence of a given L. monocytogenes subtype in the delis. For some delis, PFGE patterns for isolates from nonfood contact surfaces were distinct from patterns for occasional food contact surface isolates, suggesting limited cross-contamination between these sites in some delis. This study provides longitudinal data on L. monocytogenes contamination patterns in retail delis, which should facilitate further development of control strategies in retail delis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtenay Simmons
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 410 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Matthew J Stasiewicz
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 410 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Emily Wright
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 410 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Steven Warchocki
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 410 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Sherry Roof
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 410 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Janell R Kause
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, 355 E Street S.W., Suite 9-191, Washington, D.C. 20024, USA
| | - Nathan Bauer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, 355 E Street S.W., Suite 9-191, Washington, D.C. 20024, USA
| | - Salam Ibrahim
- Department of Human Environment and Family Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 410 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14850
| | - Haley F Oliver
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Jami M, Ghanbari M, Zunabovic M, Domig KJ, Kneifel W. Listeria monocytogenesin Aquatic Food Products-A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Jami
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
- Dept. of Fisheries; Faculty of Natural Resources; Univ. of Zabol; Zabol Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghanbari
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
- Dept. of Fisheries; Faculty of Natural Resources; Univ. of Zabol; Zabol Iran
| | - Marija Zunabovic
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
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14
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Anacarso I, Messi P, Condò C, Iseppi R, Bondi M, Sabia C, de Niederhäusern S. A bacteriocin-like substance produced from Lactobacillus pentosus 39 is a natural antagonist for the control of Aeromonas hydrophila and Listeria monocytogenes in fresh salmon fillets. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Vongkamjan K, Roof S, Stasiewicz MJ, Wiedmann M. Persistent Listeria monocytogenes subtypes isolated from a smoked fish processing facility included both phage susceptible and resistant isolates. Food Microbiol 2013; 35:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Alali WQ, Schaffner DW. Relationship between Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in seafood processing plants. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1279-82. [PMID: 23834807 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes as an outcome and Listeria spp. as an explanatory variable by food products, food contact surfaces, and nonfood contact surfaces in seafood processing plants by using peer-reviewed published data. Nine sets of prevalence data of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. were collected from published studies and used for the analyses. Based on our analysis, the relationship between L. monocytogenes prevalence and Listeria spp. prevalence in food products (incoming raw materials and finish products) was significant (P = 0.04) with (low) R² = 0.36. Furthermore, Listeria spp. were not a good indicator for L. monocytogenes when testing food contact surfaces (R² = 0.10). Listeria spp. were a good indicator for L. monocytogenes only on nonfood contact surfaces (R² = 0.90). On the other hand, the presence of Listeria spp. on food contact surfaces (R² = 0.002) and nonfood contact surfaces (R² = 0.03) was not a good indicator for L. monocytogenes presence in food products. In general, prevalence of Listeria spp. does not seem to be a good indicator for L. monocytogenes prevalence in seafood processing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Q Alali
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA.
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17
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Malley TJV, Stasiewicz MJ, Gröhn YT, Roof S, Warchocki S, Nightingale K, Wiedmann M. Implementation of statistical tools to support identification and management of persistent Listeria monocytogenes contamination in smoked fish processing plants. J Food Prot 2013; 76:796-811. [PMID: 23643121 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes persistence in food processing plants is a key source of postprocessing contamination of ready-to-eat foods. Thus, identification and elimination of sites where L. monocytogenes persists (niches) is critical. Two smoked fish processing plants were used as models to develop and implement environmental sampling plans (i) to identify persistent L. monocytogenes subtypes (EcoRI ribotypes) using two statistical approaches and (ii) to identify and eliminate likely L. monocytogenes niches. The first statistic, a binomial test based on ribotype frequencies, was used to evaluate L. monocytogenes ribotype recurrences relative to reference distributions extracted from a public database; the second statistic, a binomial test based on previous positives, was used to measure ribotype occurrences as a risk factor for subsequent isolation of the same ribotype. Both statistics revealed persistent ribotypes in both plants based on data from the initial 4 months of sampling. The statistic based on ribotype frequencies revealed persistence of particular ribotypes at specific sampling sites. Two adaptive sampling strategies guided plant interventions during the study: sampling multiple times before and during processing and vector swabbing (i.e., sampling of additional sites in different directions [vectors] relative to a given site). Among sites sampled for 12 months, a Poisson model regression revealed borderline significant monthly decreases in L. monocytogenes isolates at both plants (P = 0.026 and 0.076). Our data indicate elimination of an L. monocytogenes niche on a food contact surface; niches on nonfood contact surfaces were not eliminated. Although our data illustrate the challenge of identifying and eliminating L. monocytogenes niches, particularly at nonfood contact sites in small and medium plants, the methods for identification of persistence we describe here should broadly facilitate science-based identification of microbial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J V Malley
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Viswanath P, Murugesan L, Knabel SJ, Verghese B, Chikthimmah N, Laborde LF. Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in a small-scale mushroom production facility. J Food Prot 2013; 76:608-15. [PMID: 23575122 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of significant concern to the agricultural and food processing industry because of its ability to grow and persist in cool and moist environments and its association with listeriosis, a disease with a very high mortality rate. Although there have been no listeriosis outbreaks attributed to fresh mushrooms in the United States, retail surveys and recalls are evidence that L. monocytogenes contamination of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) can occur. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes, in a small-scale mushroom production facility on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in the United States. Of 184 samples taken from five production zones within the facility, 29 (15.8%) samples were positive for Listeria spp. Among the Listeria spp. isolates, L. innocua was most prevalent (10.3%) followed by L. welshimeri (3.3%), L. monocytogenes (1.6%), and L. grayi (0.5%). L. monocytogenes was recovered only from the phase I raw material composting area. Isolates of L. monocytogenes were confirmed and serotyped by multiplex PCR. The epidemiological relatedness of the three L. monocytogenes isolates to those serotypes or lineages frequently encountered in listeriosis infections was determined by multi-virulence-locus sequence typing using six virulence genes, namely, prfA, inlB, inlC, dal, clpP, and lisR. The phylogenetic positions of the three isolates in the dendrogram prepared with data from other isolates of L. monocytogenes showed that all isolates were grouped with serotype 4a, lineage IIIA. To date, this serotype has rarely been reported in foodborne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema Viswanath
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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19
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Listex™ P100 for the removal of Listeria monocytogenes surface contamination of raw fish. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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20
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Development of a predictive model describing the growth of Listeria Monocytogenes in Kimbab. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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21
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Françoise L. Occurrence and role of lactic acid bacteria in seafood products. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:698-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Chen BY, Pyla R, Kim TJ, Silva JL, Jung YS. Prevalence and contamination patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in catfish processing environment and fresh fillets. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:645-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Soni KA, Nannapaneni R. Bacteriophage significantly reduces Listeria monocytogenes on raw salmon fillet tissue. J Food Prot 2010; 73:32-8. [PMID: 20051201 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the antilisterial activity of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) bacteriophage LISTEX P100 (phage P100) on the surface of raw salmon fillet tissue against Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b. In a broth model system, phage P100 completely inhibited L. monocytogenes growth at 4 degrees Celsius for 12 days, at 10 degrees Celsius for 8 days, and at 30 degrees Celsius for 4 days, at all three phage concentrations of 10(4), 10(6), and 10(8) PFU/ml. On raw salmon fillet tissue, a higher phage concentration of 10(8) PFU/g was required to yield 1.8-, 2.5-, and 3.5-log CFU/g reductions of L. monocytogenes from its initial loads of 2, 3, and 4.5 log CFU/g at 4 or 22 degrees Celsius. Over the 10 days of storage at 4 degrees Celsius, L. monocytogenes growth was inhibited by phage P100 on the raw salmon fillet tissue to as low as 0.3 log CFU/g versus normal growth of 2.6 log CFU/g in the absence of phage. Phage P100 remained stable on the raw salmon fillet tissue over a 10-day storage period, with only a marginal loss of 0.6 log PFU/g from an initial phage treatment of 8 log PFU/g. These findings illustrate that the GRAS bacteriophage LISTEX P100 is listericidal on raw salmon fillets and is useful in quantitatively reducing L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh A Soni
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, P.O. Box 9805, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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Chen BY, Kim TJ, Silva JL, Jung YS. Positive Correlation Between the Expression of inlA and inlB Genes of Listeria monocytogenes and Its Attachment Strength on Glass Surface. FOOD BIOPHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-009-9128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Orsi RH, Borowsky ML, Lauer P, Young SK, Nusbaum C, Galagan JE, Birren BW, Ivy RA, Sun Q, Graves LM, Swaminathan B, Wiedmann M. Short-term genome evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a non-controlled environment. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:539. [PMID: 19014550 PMCID: PMC2642827 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While increasing data on bacterial evolution in controlled environments are available, our understanding of bacterial genome evolution in natural environments is limited. We thus performed full genome analyses on four Listeria monocytogenes, including human and food isolates from both a 1988 case of sporadic listeriosis and a 2000 listeriosis outbreak, which had been linked to contaminated food from a single processing facility. All four isolates had been shown to have identical subtypes, suggesting that a specific L. monocytogenes strain persisted in this processing plant over at least 12 years. While a genome sequence for the 1988 food isolate has been reported, we sequenced the genomes of the 1988 human isolate as well as a human and a food isolate from the 2000 outbreak to allow for comparative genome analyses. Results The two L. monocytogenes isolates from 1988 and the two isolates from 2000 had highly similar genome backbone sequences with very few single nucleotide (nt) polymorphisms (1 – 8 SNPs/isolate; confirmed by re-sequencing). While no genome rearrangements were identified in the backbone genome of the four isolates, a 42 kb prophage inserted in the chromosomal comK gene showed evidence for major genome rearrangements. The human-food isolate pair from each 1988 and 2000 had identical prophage sequence; however, there were significant differences in the prophage sequences between the 1988 and 2000 isolates. Diversification of this prophage appears to have been caused by multiple homologous recombination events or possibly prophage replacement. In addition, only the 2000 human isolate contained a plasmid, suggesting plasmid loss or acquisition events. Surprisingly, besides the polymorphisms found in the comK prophage, a single SNP in the tRNA Thr-4 prophage represents the only SNP that differentiates the 1988 isolates from the 2000 isolates. Conclusion Our data support the hypothesis that the 2000 human listeriosis outbreak was caused by a L. monocytogenes strain that persisted in a food processing facility over 12 years and show that genome sequencing is a valuable and feasible tool for retrospective epidemiological analyses. Short-term evolution of L. monocytogenes in non-controlled environments appears to involve limited diversification beyond plasmid gain or loss and prophage diversification, highlighting the importance of phages in bacterial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Ivanek R, Gröhn YT, Wiedmann M. Listeria monocytogenesin Multiple Habitats and Host Populations: Review of Available Data for Mathematical Modeling. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:319-36. [PMID: 17199514 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has the ability to survive and multiply in diverse habitats and to cause infection in a variety of animal species and humans. We evaluated the literature on survival and multiplication within and transmission among multiple host populations and habitats, including man, sewage, general environment (soil, water, and vegetation), silage (fermented plant material), animals (including wild and domestic animals), and food processing plants. The available knowledge on L. monocytogenes transmission dynamics was translated into the key process nodes of interrelated host- and habitat-specific mathematical models, providing a starting framework for future modeling work and the ultimate development of a system-wide model for evaluation of its transmission, and strategies to reduce human exposure. Because of the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive and multiply in many habitats and hosts, and the number of possible transmission routes, it is highly unlikely that it could be eradicated from any habitat or host, including man. However, L. monocytogenes load within and transmission among habitats and host populations could probably be reduced. Based on the published information, we hypothesize that three recent anthropogenic practices increase the load within and transmission among reviewed habitats and host populations: extended refrigerated storage of ready-to-eat foods allowing L. monocytogenes growth in foods that are contaminated during production or subsequent handling; feeding domestic ruminants with silage often contaminated with L. monocytogenes; and dispersal of contaminated products of sewage treatment to agricultural fields and waters. Future mathematical modeling work could test how much the reduction of L. monocytogenes load and transmission in hosts and habitats associated with these anthropogenic practices would reduce human exposure and consequently human listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ivanek
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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