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Alonso-Calleja C, Castaño-Arriba A, Riesco-Peláez F, Capita R. Effect of trisodium phosphate, ascorbic acid and lactic acid on bacterial load, sensorial characteristics and instrumental colour of rabbit meat. Meat Sci 2024; 207:109349. [PMID: 37866235 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 8% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 2% ascorbic acid (AA) and 2% lactic acid (LA) on microbial load, pH values, sensorial characteristics and instrumental colour of rabbit shoulders was determined. Measurements were performed immediately after dipping (Day 0) and every 24 h over seven days of storage at 7 °C. The microorganisms present naturally (total aerobic counts, TACs) and the levels of artificially inoculated pathogenic bacteria were studied. Microbial contamination showed a trend towards lower values on decontaminated samples than on control (water-dipped) samples from Day 1 of storage onwards. Average TACs (log10 cfu/cm2) throughout storage were higher (P < 0.05) on control samples (5.94 ± 2.06) than on decontaminated ones (3.69 ± 1.75, 3.77 ± 2.01, and 3.10 ± 1.85 on TSP-, AA-, and LA-treated samples, respectively). On the basis of TACs, all the decontaminants allowed the shelf-life of rabbit meat to be extended from Day 4 to Day 7. From the viewpoint of sensory scores, no treatment achieved any prolongation of the shelf-life of rabbit meat, which was 6 days (control and TSP-treated samples), 5 days (AA) or one day (LA). LA reduced (P < 0.05) scores for colour, odour and overall acceptability from Day 0 of storage, since these samples presented whitening and a slight acid smell. Treatments with organic acids increased lightness (L*), and TSP brought a reduction in redness (b*), vividness (C*) and hue angle (h) values with respect to controls. This research work offers new insights into the chemical decontamination of rabbit meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Ana Castaño-Arriba
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Félix Riesco-Peláez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Systems and Automation, School of Industrial, Computer and Aerospace Engineering, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
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2
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McWhorter AR, Weerasooriya G, Kumar S, Chousalkar KK. Comparison of peroxyacetic acid and acidified sodium chlorite at reducing natural microbial contamination on chicken meat pieces. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103009. [PMID: 37672838 PMCID: PMC10494258 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The spin-chill process at poultry processing plants involves the immersion of chicken carcasses in cold water (<5°C) often containing sodium hypochlorite which significantly contributes to the reduction of bacterial loads. Cutting carcasses into pieces, however, has been linked with increases in Campylobacter and Salmonella counts. Here, the efficacy of PAA and ASC on reducing bacteria on skin-on, bone-in thigh cuts was investigated. Three concentrations of ASC (60, 112, and 225 ppm) and PAA (50, 75, 100 ppm) were used. Thighs were dipped into sanitizer and tested for total viable bacterial counts, Campylobacter load, and prevalence of Salmonella. The efficacy of PAA and ASC was also compared with chlorine (8 ppm). All sanitizers exhibited a greater log reduction compared with water. PAA at both 75 and 100 ppm resulted in significantly higher log reductions compared with the water only. PAA at 100 ppm and 225 ppm ASC were the most effective at reducing Campylobacter. All wash treatments reduced the proportion of Salmonella positive samples, but the greatest reduction was observed for 225 ppm ASC. Both concentrations of ASC resulted in a greater reduction in total viable counts compared with chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R McWhorter
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Gayani Weerasooriya
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Shruti Kumar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Kapil K Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia.
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3
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Wu J, McAuliffe O, O'Byrne CP. Manganese uptake mediated by the NRAMP-type transporter MntH is required for acid tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 399:110238. [PMID: 37148667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that is characterized by its ability to withstand mild stresses (i.e. cold, acid, salt) often encountered in food products or food processing environments. In the previous phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a collection of L. monocytogenes strains, we have identified one strain 1381, originally obtained from EURL-lm, as acid sensitive (reduced survival at pH 2.3) and extremely acid intolerant (no growth at pH 4.9, which supports the growth of most strains). In this study, we investigated the cause of acid intolerance in strain 1381 by isolating and sequencing reversion mutants that were capable of growth at low pH (pH 4.8) to a similar extent as another strain (1380) from the same MLST clonal complex (CC2). Whole genome sequencing showed that a truncation in mntH, which encodes a homologue of an NRAMP (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein) type Mn2+ transporter, is responsible for the acid intolerance phenotype observed in strain 1381. However, the mntH truncation alone was not sufficient to explain the acid sensitivity of strain 1381 at lethal pH values as strain 1381R1 (a mntH+ revertant) exhibited similar acid survival to its parental strain at pH 2.3. Further growth experiments demonstrated that Mn2+ (but not Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, or Mg2+) supplementation fully rescues the growth of strain 1381 under low pH conditions, suggesting that a Mn2+ limitation is the likely cause of growth arrest in the mntH- background. Consistent with the important role of Mn2+ in the acid stress response was the finding that mntH and mntB (both encoding Mn2+ transporters) had higher transcription levels following exposure to mild acid stress (pH 5). Taken together, these results provide evidence that MntH-mediated Mn2+ uptake is essential for the growth of L. monocytogenes under low pH conditions. Moreover, since strain 1381 was recommended for conducting food challenge studies by the European Union Reference Laboratory, the use of this strain in evaluating the growth of L. monocytogenes in low pH environments where Mn2+ is scarce should be reconsidered. Furthermore, since it is unknown when strain 1381 acquired the mntH frameshift mutation, the ability of the strains used for challenge studies to grow under food-related stresses needs to be routinely validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Wu
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, Ryan Institute, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | | | - Conor P O'Byrne
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, Ryan Institute, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland..
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Effect of caprylic acid alone or in combination with peracetic acid against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg on chicken drumsticks in a soft scalding temperature-time setup. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101421. [PMID: 34601442 PMCID: PMC8531859 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial efficacy of caprylic acid (CA), a medium-chain fatty acid, against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg (MDR SH) on chicken drumsticks in a soft-scalding temperature-time setup was investigated. Based on the standardization experiments in nutrient media and on chicken breast fillet portions, intact chicken drumsticks were spot inoculated with MDR SH and immersed in water with or without antimicrobial treatments at 54°C for 2 min. The treatments included 0.5% CA, 1% CA, 0.05% peracetic acid (PAA), 0.5% CA + 0.05% PAA, and 1.0% CA + 0.05% PAA. Additionally, the efficacy of the potential scald treatments against MDR SH survival on drumsticks for a storage period of 48 h at 4°C was determined. Furthermore, the effect of these treatments on the surface color of the drumsticks was also evaluated. Appropriate controls were included for statistical comparisons. The antimicrobial treatments resulted in a significant reduction of MDR SH on drumsticks. For the lower inoculum (∼2.5 log10 CFU/g) experiments, 0.5% CA, 1% CA, 0.05% PAA, 0.5% CA + 0.05% PAA, and 1.0% CA + 0.05% PAA resulted in 0.7-, 1.0-, 2.5-, 1.4-, and 1.5- log10 CFU/g reduction of MDR SH on drumsticks, respectively (P < 0.05). The same treatments resulted in 0.9-, 1.3-, 2.5-, 2.2-, and 2.6- log10 CFU/g reduction of MDR SH when the drumsticks were contaminated with a higher inoculum (∼4.5 log10 CFU/g) level (P < 0.05). Moreover, the antimicrobial treatments inactivated MDR SH in the treatment water to undetectable levels, whereas 2.0- to 4.0- log10 CFU/mL MDR SH survived in the positive controls (P < 0.05). Also, the treatments were effective in inhibiting MDR SH on the drumsticks compared to the respective controls during a storage period of 48 h at 4°C; however, the magnitude of reduction remained the same as observed during the treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, none of the treatments affected the color of the drumsticks (P > 0.05). Results indicate that CA could be an effective natural processing aid against MDR SH on chicken products.
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Solís‐Soto L, Prabhakarankutty LK, García S, Ortíz‐Reyes Y, Heredia N. Controlling
Campylobacter jejuni
in vitro and in chicken using combinations of citrus‐based and trisodium phosphate formulations. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Solís‐Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | | | - Santos García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Yaraymi Ortíz‐Reyes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
| | - Norma Heredia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León San Nicolás de los Garza Mexico
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Zhang L, Ben Said L, Diarra MS, Fliss I. Inhibitory Activity of Natural Synergetic Antimicrobial Consortia Against Salmonella enterica on Broiler Chicken Carcasses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656956. [PMID: 33995320 PMCID: PMC8116713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently most utilized antimicrobial agent in poultry processing facilities is peracetic acid, a chemical increasingly recognized as hazardous to human health. We evaluated the efficacy of mixtures of natural antimicrobial compounds, namely reuterin, microcin J25, and lactic acid, for reducing the viability of Salmonella enterica and total aerobes on broiler chicken carcasses. The compounds were compared singly and in combination with water and 0.1% peracetic acid. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of reuterin, lactic acid, and microcin J25 against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis were respectively 2 mM, 0.31%, and 0.03 μM. In vitro, the combinations of reuterin + lactic acid and reuterin + microcin J25 were synergic, making these compounds effective at four times lower concentrations than those used alone. Salmonella viable counts fell to zero within 10 min of contact with reuterin + lactic acid at 10 times the concentrations used in combination, compared to 18 h in the case of reuterin + microcin J25. Sprayed onto chilled chicken carcasses, this reuterin + lactic acid mixture reduced Salmonella spp. counts by 2.02 Log CFU/g, whereas reuterin + microcin J25 and peracetic acid reduced them by respectively 0.83 and 1.13 Log CFU/g. The synergy of reuterin with lactic acid or microcin J25 as inhibitors of bacterial growth was significant. Applied as post-chill spray, these mixtures could contribute to food safety by decreasing Salmonella counts on chicken carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Moussa Sory Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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7
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Improving the Quality and Safety of Fresh Camel Meat Contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni Using Citrox, Chitosan, and Vacuum Packaging to Extend Shelf Life. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041152. [PMID: 33920579 PMCID: PMC8072804 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to investigate the influence of using 1% or 2% Citrox alone or in combination with 1% chitosan on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni in camel meat slices vacuum-packed and stored at 4 or 10 °C for 30 days. The shelf life of camel meat was 30 days longer using 1% or 2% Citrox in combination with 1% chitosan than when using Citrox alone. The reductions ranged from 4.0 to 3.5 logarithmic cycles during the storage period at both 4 and 10 °C. The quality of camel meat treated with Citrox plus chitosan was also better than that of the control meat and of meat treated with 0.85% NaCl. Abstract Camel meat is one of the most consumed meats in Arab countries. The use of natural antimicrobial agents to extend the shelf life of fresh camel meat, control Campylobacter jejuni contamination, and preserve meat quality is preferred. In this study, we determined the antimicrobial effects of using 1% or 2% Citrox alone or in combination with 1% chitosan on the survival of C. jejuni in vitro and on camel meat samples during storage at 4 or 10 °C for 30 days in vacuum packaging. We determined the total viable count (TVC (cfu/g)), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content, and pH of the treated camel meat samples every three days during storage. The shelf lives of camel meat samples treated with 2% Citrox alone or in combination with 1% chitosan were longer than those of camel meat samples treated with 1% Citrox alone or in combination with 1% chitosan at both the 4 and 10 °C storage temperatures, with TVCs of <100 cfu/g after the first ten days and six days of storage at 4 and 10 °C, respectively. The addition of Citrox (1% and 2%) and 1% chitosan to camel meat samples and the application of vacuum storage were more effective than using Citrox (1% and 2%) alone and led to a reduction in C. jejuni in approximately 4.0 and 3.5 log cycles at 4 and 10 °C, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that using a Citrox-chitosan combination improved the quality of camel meat and enhanced the long-term preservation of fresh meat for up to or more than 30 days at 4 °C.
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YEHIA HM, AL-MASOUD AH, ALSAWMAHI ON, ALJAHANI AH, EL-DIN MFS. Effects of citrox treatment on the survival of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in chicken fillets packed under vacuum. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Prolonging shelf life of chicken breast fillets by using plasma-improved chitosan/low density polyethylene bilayer film containing summer savory essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:321-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Thames HT, Theradiyil Sukumaran A. A Review of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Broiler Meat: Emerging Challenges and Food Safety Measures. Foods 2020; 9:E776. [PMID: 32545362 PMCID: PMC7353592 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the largest sources of animal-based protein in the United States. Poultry processing has grown from a small local network of plants to nearly 500 plants nationwide. Two of the most persistent bacteria in poultry processing are Salmonella and Campylobacter. It was not until the introduction of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point systems in 1996 that major efforts to reduce bacterial contamination were developed. Traditionally, chlorine has been the industry standard for decontaminating chicken meat. However, antimicrobials such as peracetic acid, cetylpyridinium chloride, and acidified sodium chlorite have replaced chlorine as primary antimicrobials. Despite current interventions, the emergence of stress-tolerant and biofilm-forming Salmonella and Campylobacter is of primary concern. In an effort to offset growing tolerance from microbes, novel techniques such as cold plasma treatment, electrostatic spraying, and bacteriophage-based applications have been investigated as alternatives to conventional treatments, while new chemical antimicrobials such as Amplon and sodium ferrate are investigated as well. This review provides an overview of poultry processing in the United States, major microbes in poultry processing, current interventions, emerging issues, and emerging technologies in antimicrobial treatments.
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11
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Sensory implications of chicken meat spoilage in relation to microbial and physicochemical characteristics during refrigerated storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Yehia HM, Elkhadragy MF, Al-Megrin WA, Al-Masoud AH. Citrox Improves the Quality and Shelf Life of Chicken Fillets Packed under Vacuum and Protects against Some Foodborne Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121062. [PMID: 31810216 PMCID: PMC6941069 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibacterial agents such as citrox are effective against many foodborne pathogens and foods contaminated with bacteria. We studied the antimicrobial effects of citrox solutions (1% and 2%) on the total viable counts of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in chicken meat fillets. The total coliform group counts found in the chicken samples were also determined. The samples were treated with S. aureus at a concentration of 106 colony-forming units (cfu)/g of meat and vacuum-packed (VP) at 4 °C for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days. We also studied the effect of citrox on the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content and pH changes during the storage period of the meat samples. The results revealed that citrox inhibited the growth of MRSA in the chicken fillets. The total viable counts of MRSA decreased after treatment with 2% citrox in all treated samples that were stored at 4 °C by approximately 2 log units compared with the samples inoculated with S. aureus (Chicken-Staph groups) after 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of storage, and by approximately 1 log unit compared with the control samples treated with salt (Chicken-Salt groups) after 3, 6, and 9 days of storage. TVBN was reduced in the Chicken-Citrox-treated samples stored at 4 °C compared with the Chicken-Staph- and Chicken-Salt-treated samples. The results indicated that citrox is effective in reducing the total counts of MRSA and in improving the quality of chicken during the first three days of storage by reducing the number of bacteria by 1 log unit and extending the shelf life of chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Mohamed Yehia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Cairo 11221, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Manal Fawzy Elkhadragy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia (W.A.A.-M.)
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt
| | - Wafa Abdullah Al-Megrin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia (W.A.A.-M.)
| | - Abdulrahman Hamad Al-Masoud
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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González RJ, Sampedro F, Feirtag JM, Sánchez-Plata MX, Hedberg CW. Prioritization of Chicken Meat Processing Interventions on the Basis of Reducing the Salmonella Residual Relative Risk. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1575-1582. [PMID: 31433239 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protecting public health by controlling Salmonella in chicken meat products continues to be a challenge to both industry and policymakers. Studies evaluating the combined use of commercially available antimicrobial interventions are scarce. The aim of this work was to develop a risk-based prioritization framework to rank chicken meat processing interventions that achieve the greatest Salmonella relative risk reduction. A baseline model characterizing the current U.S. broiler industry food safety intervention practices was created from direct observation of processes and expert elicitation. Results showed the combination of chlorine at the bird wash station and peroxyacetic acid at the on-line reprocessing and chill stages as the most common U.S. processing scenario. Irradiation at packaging and acidified sodium chlorite at evisceration were the most effective single processing interventions (98.8 and 91.6% risk reduction, respectively); however, no single intervention was able to comply with the current Food Safety and Inspection Service Salmonella postchill performance standards. The combination of peroxyacetic acid in at least one of the chicken processing stages with the current set of U.S. baseline interventions achieved >99% Salmonella relative risk reduction and ensured Food Safety and Inspection Service compliance. Adding more than one intervention to the U.S. current practice did not enhance (<2%) the overall Salmonella risk reduction. This study can help poultry processors to prioritize food safety interventions to maximize Salmonella reduction and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando J González
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Fernando Sampedro
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2751 [F.S.])
| | - Joellen M Feirtag
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Marcos X Sánchez-Plata
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Craig W Hedberg
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2751 [F.S.])
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14
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15
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Dittoe DK, Feye KM, Peyton B, Worlie D, Draper MJ, Ricke SC. The Addition of Viriditec TM Aqueous Ozone to Peracetic Acid as an Antimicrobial Spray Increases Air Quality While Maintaining Salmonella Typhimurium, Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni Reduction on Whole Carcasses. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3180. [PMID: 30671030 PMCID: PMC6332806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the most utilized antimicrobial in processing facilities is peracetic acid, PAA; however, this chemical is increasingly recognized as a hazard to human health. Preliminary evidence suggests that ozone, when introduced in a specific manner, can reduce the noxious nature of PAA. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of TetraClean Systems aqueous ozone, O3, in combination with PAA as an antimicrobial spray on whole chicken carcasses. This trial used 70 whole hen carcasses (7 treatments; 10 replications) that were inoculated in a 400 mL cocktail containing Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter (107 CFU/mL) and allowed to adhere for 60 min at 4°C for a final concentration of 105 to 106 CFU/g. The experimental 5 s (4×) spray treatments included: a no treatment negative control, TW; TW + O3 (10 ppm), TW + PAA (50 ppm), TW + PAA (500 ppm), TW + O3 + PAA (50 ppm), and TW + O3 + PAA (500 ppm). During treatment application, ambient PAA vapor was measured with a ChemDAQ Safecide PAA vapor sensor. After treatment, carcasses were immediately rinsed in 400 mL of nBPW for 2 min. Following rinsing, the dot method was utilizing for enumeration with 10 μL of rinsate being serially diluted, plated on XLD and mCCDA agar, and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 h or microaerophilically at 42°C for 48 h. Log-transformed counts were analyzed using ANOVA in JMP 14.0. Means were separated using Tukey’s HSD when P ≤ 0.05. There was a significant treatment effect among Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter counts, and a significant treatment effect among ambient PAA (P < 0.05). TW + O3 + PAA (500 ppm), reduced Salmonella significantly compared to TW (5.71 and 6.30 log CFU/g). Furthermore, TW + PAA (500 ppm), reduced the presence of E. coli significantly compared to TW or no treated control (5.57 and 6.18 log CFU/g). Also, TW + PAA (50 ppm), TW + PAA (500 ppm), and TW + O3 + PAA (500 ppm) significantly reduced Campylobacter compared to carcasses not treated (4.80, 4.81, and 4.86 log CFU/g). Lastly, the addition of ozone significantly reduced the ambient PAA when O3 was added to 500 ppm of PAA, as TW + O3 + PAA (500 ppm) produced less ambient PAA than TW + PAA (500 ppm) (0.052 and 0.565 ppm). In conclusion, the addition of ozone to PAA may demonstrated the ability to effectively reduce ambient PAA, thus increasing employee safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kristen Dittoe
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.,Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristina Marie Feye
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.,Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Bob Peyton
- TetraClean Systems LLC, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Drew Worlie
- TetraClean Systems LLC, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.,Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Handley JA, Park SH, Kim SA, Ricke SC. Microbiome Profiles of Commercial Broilers Through Evisceration and Immersion Chilling During Poultry Slaughter and the Identification of Potential Indicator Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:345. [PMID: 29552001 PMCID: PMC5841210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial poultry abattoirs were evaluated to determine the efficacy of the multi-hurdle antimicrobial strategy employed to reduce the microbial load present on incoming broilers from the farm. As next generation sequencing (NGS) has been recently employed to characterize the poultry production system, this study utilized 16S High throughput sequencing (HTS) and quantitative plating data to profile the microbiota of chicken carcasses and determine the efficacy of the multi-hurdle antimicrobial system. Aerobic plate count (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae (EB) microbial counts were quantified from whole bird carcass rinsates (WBCR). The remaining rinsates underwent microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene fragments on an Illumina MiSeq and were analyzed by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME). The key stages of processing were determined to be at rehang, pre-chill, and post-chill as per the Salmonella Reduction Regulation (75 Fed. Reg. 27288-27294). The APC microbial data from rehang, pre-chill, and post-chill were mean log 4.63 CFU/mL, 3.21 CFU/mL, and 0.89 CFU/mL and EB counts were mean log 2.99 CFU/mL, 1.95 CFU/mL, and 0.35 CFU/mL. NGS of WBCR identified 222 Operational Taxonomic Units' (OTU's) of which only 23 OTU's or 10% of the population was recovered post-chill. Microbiome data suggested a high relative abundance of Pseudomonas at post-chill. Additionally, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, and Weeksellaceae Chryseobacterium have been identified as potential indicator organisms having been isolated from all processing abattoirs and sampling locations. This study provides insight into the microbiota of commercial broilers during poultry processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Rouger A, Tresse O, Zagorec M. Bacterial Contaminants of Poultry Meat: Sources, Species, and Dynamics. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E50. [PMID: 28841156 PMCID: PMC5620641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the constant increase in poultry meat consumption worldwide and the large variety of poultry meat products and consumer demand, ensuring the microbial safety of poultry carcasses and cuts is essential. In the present review, we address the bacterial contamination of poultry meat from the slaughtering steps to the use-by-date of the products. The different contamination sources are identified. The contaminants occurring in poultry meat cuts and their behavior toward sanitizing treatments or various storage conditions are discussed. A list of the main pathogenic bacteria of concern for the consumer and those responsible for spoilage and waste of poultry meat is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Rouger
- Secalim, INRA, LUNAM Université, 44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Odile Tresse
- Secalim, INRA, LUNAM Université, 44307 Nantes, France.
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18
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Zhang H, Wu J, Guo X. Effects of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of spice extracts on raw chicken meat quality. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Khare AK, Abraham RJJ, Appa Rao V, Babu RN. Utilization of carrageenan, citric acid and cinnamon oil as an edible coating of chicken fillets to prolong its shelf life under refrigeration conditions. Vet World 2016; 9:166-75. [PMID: 27051203 PMCID: PMC4819367 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.166-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to determine efficacy of edible coating of carrageenan and cinnamon oil to enhance the shelf life of chicken meat stored under refrigeration conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chicken breast was coated with carrageenan and cinnamon oil by three methods of application viz., spraying brushing and dipping. The coated meat was evaluated for drip loss, pH, thiobarbituric acid number (TBA), tyrosine value (TV), extract release volume (ERV), Warner-Bratzler shear force value (WBSFV), instrumental color, microbiological, and sensory qualities as per standard procedures. RESULTS There was a significant difference observed for physicochemical parameters (pH, TBA, TV, ERV, drip loss and WBSFV) and microbiological analysis between storage periods in all the samples and between the control and treatments throughout the storage period but samples did not differed significantly for hunter color scores. However, there was no significant difference among three methods of application throughout the storage period though dipping had a lower rate of increase. A progressive decline in mean sensory scores was recorded along with the increase in storage time. CONCLUSION The carrageenan and cinnamon edible coating was found to be a good alternative to enhance the shelf life of chicken meat under refrigeration conditions. It was also observed from study that dipping method of the application had comparatively higher shelf life than other methods of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Kumar Khare
- Department of Livestock Products Technology (Meat Science), Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Robinson J. J. Abraham
- Department of Livestock Products Technology (Meat Science), Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Appa Rao
- Department of Livestock Products Technology (Meat Science), Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Narendra Babu
- Department of Livestock Products Technology (Meat Science), Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kim JH, Hong GE, Lim KW, Park W, Lee CH. Influence of Citric Acid on the Pink Color and Characteristics of Sous Vide Processed Chicken Breasts During Chill Storage. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:585-96. [PMID: 26761885 PMCID: PMC4670886 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.5.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken breast dipped with citric acid (CA) was treated by sous vide processing and stored in a refrigerated state for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 14 d. A non-dipped control group (CON) and three groups dipped in different concentrations of citric acid concentration were analyzed (0.5%, 0.5CIT; 2.0%, 2CIT and 5.0%, 5CIT; w/v). Cooking yield and moisture content increased due to the citric acid. While the redness of the juice and meat in all groups showed significant increase during storage, the redness of the citric acid groups was reduced compared to the control group (p<0.05). The percentage of myoglobin denaturation (PMD) of the CA groups was also increased according to the level of CA during storage. Total aerobic counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were generally lower in the citric acid-treated samples than in untreated ones, indicating extended shelf life of the cooked chicken breast dipped in citric acid solution. The shear force of the 2CIT and 5CIT groups was significantly lower (p<0.05). The findings indicated positive effects in the physicochemical properties and storage ability of sous vide chicken breast at 2% and 5% citric acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Han Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Go-Eun Hong
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ki-Won Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Woojoon Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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21
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Membrane fluidity-related adaptive response mechanisms of foodborne bacterial pathogens under environmental stresses. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Effect of various decontamination treatments against Gram-positive bacteria on chicken stored under differing conditions of temperature abuse. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Osaili TM, Al-Nabulsi AA, Jaradat Z, Shaker RR, Alomari DZ, Al-Dabbas MM, Alaboudi AR, Al-Natour MQ, Holley RA. Survival and growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in eggplant dip during storage. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 198:37-42. [PMID: 25590259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eggplant dip is an internationally popular appetizer, prepared in some instances under uncertain hygienic conditions with inconsistent refrigeration. This study examined the effects of citric acid on the survival of pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus) and naturally present organisms (lactic acid bacteria, LAB, aerobic bacteria, APC and yeast and mold, YM) in eggplant dip during storage. Eggplant dip with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8% citric acid was inoculated with S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 or S. aureus and stored at 4, 10 and 21 °C for ≤15 d. Throughout the study, the survival of the inoculated microorganisms was monitored, and LAB, APC, YM numbers and pH were determined. There was no significant (p>0.05) effect of citric acid on inoculated S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7. Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 survived >7d with little reduction in viability. Reduction of S. aureus viability increased with citric acid concentration and reached>3.0 log10 CFU/g by 15 d at 4 °C. Citric acid had no effect (p>0.05) on the background YM during storage at 4, 10 and 21 °C or LAB stored at 4 and 10 °C, while at 21 °C, 0.6 and 0.8% citric acid significantly reduced LAB. Citric acid had no effect (p>0.05) on the APC in samples stored at 4 °C but it had significant effects on samples stored at 10 and 21 °C. Work reported showed that the use of citric acid at 0.4-0.8% can inhibit the growth of S. aureus in eggplant dip, but adequate refrigeration is essential to minimize risk from this and other pathogens in this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Anas A Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ziad Jaradat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Reyad R Shaker
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Dalia Z Alomari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Maher M Al-Dabbas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Akram R Alaboudi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Q Al-Natour
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Richard A Holley
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
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25
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26
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of peroxyacetic acid solutions for reduction of pathogens on poultry carcasses and meat. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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The effect of chemical treatments in laboratory and broiler plant studies on the microbial status and shelf-life of poultry. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Effectiveness of several chemical decontamination treatments against Gram-negative bacteria on poultry during storage under different simulated cold chain disruptions. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alonso-Hernando A, Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C. Decontamination treatments for psychrotrophic microorganisms on chicken meat during storage at different temperatures. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1977-80. [PMID: 24215705 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial effectiveness of five chemical decontaminants (12 % trisodium phosphate [TSP], 1,200 ppm acidified sodium chlorite [ASC], 2 % citric acid [CA], 220 ppm of peroxyacids [PA], or 50 ppm of chlorine dioxide [CD]) against psychrotrophic populations on skinned chicken legs was assessed throughout 120 h of storage under various temperature abuse scenarios. Three different simulated cold chain disruptions were used: T1 (12 h at 1 ± 1 °C, 6 h at 15 ± 1 °C, and 102 h at 4 ± 1 °C), T2 (18 h at 1 ± 1 °C, 6 h at 15 ± 1 °C, and 96 h at 10 ± 1 °C), or T3 (18 h at 4 ± 1 °C, 6 h at 20 ± 1 °C, and 96 h at 7 ± 1 °C). Microbiological analyses were carried out at 0, 24, 72, and 120 h of storage. Substantial microbial reductions, with respect to control (untreated) samples, were obtained in legs treated with TSP, ASC, and CA, with average values ranging from 1.54 ± 1.52 to 2.02 ± 2.19 log CFU/cm(2). TSP was the most effective compound under mild abuse temperature conditions (T1), with mean reductions of 2.01 ± 1.67 log CFU/cm(2), whereas ASC, followed by CA, proved to be particularly useful under moderate abuse conditions (T3; average reductions of 2.99 ± 2.27 and 1.98 ± 1.65 log CFU/cm(2), respectively). Treatment with PA or CD resulted in minimal microbial reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Alonso-Hernando
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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30
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Alonso-Hernando A, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Growth kinetic parameters of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on poultry treated with various chemical decontaminants. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Seo S, Jung D, Wang X, Seo DJ, Lee MH, Lee BH, Choi C. Combined effect of lactic acid bacteria and citric acid on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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32
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Alonso-Hernando A, Guevara-Franco JA, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Effect of the temperature of the dipping solution on the antimicrobial effectiveness of various chemical decontaminants against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on poultry. J Food Prot 2013; 76:833-42. [PMID: 23643125 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the temperature of the dipping solution on the antimicrobial effectiveness of several chemical poultry decontaminants was assessed. A total of 765 poultry legs were inoculated with gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, or Brochothrix thermosphacta) or gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, or Pseudomonas fluorescens). Samples were dipped for 15 min in solutions (wt/vol) of trisodium phosphate (12%), acidified sodium chlorite (1,200 ppm), citric acid (2%), peroxyacids (220 ppm), chlorine dioxide (50 ppm), or tap water or were left untreated (control). The temperatures of the dipping solutions were 4, 20, or 50°C. Microbiological analyses and pH determinations were carried out after 0, 1, 3, and 5 days of storage at 4°C. In comparison with the control samples, all chemical solutions were effective for reducing microbial loads. The temperature of treatment affected the microbial reductions caused by all chemicals (P < 0.001). The lowest average bacterial reductions caused by trisodium phosphate, acidified sodium chlorite, citric acid, and peroxyacids were observed at 4°C, all sampling days and microbial groups being considered simultaneously. The highest and the lowest effectiveness for chlorine dioxide were observed at 4 and 50°C, respectively. These results may be of use to meat processors for selecting the best conditions for decontamination treatments and may help the European Regulatory Authorities make their decisions for authorization of poultry decontamination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Alonso-Hernando
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, León, Spain
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Capita R, Alvarez-Fernández E, Fernández-Buelta E, Manteca J, Alonso-Calleja C. Decontamination treatments can increase the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics of Escherichia coli naturally present on poultry. Food Microbiol 2012; 34:112-7. [PMID: 23498186 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine the ability of various decontaminants to increase the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics in Escherichia coli populations on poultry. Chicken legs were dipped for 15 min into aqueous solutions (wt/vol) of trisodium phosphate (TSP; 12%), acidified sodium chlorite (ASC; 1200 ppm), ascorbic acid (AA; 2%) or citric acid (CA; 2%), or tap water (control). Samples were analyzed immediately after treatment (day 0) and after five days of storage at 7 ± 1 °C. A total of 250 E. coli isolates (50 from each group of samples; 25 on day 0 and 25 on day 5) were tested against twelve antibiotics of clinical significance by means of a standard disc-diffusion technique. A high prevalence of resistance to antibiotics was observed for E. coli strains from control samples, with three (6.0%) isolates sensitive, three (6.0%) resistant to one antibiotic and 44 (88.0%) isolates resistant to two or more antibiotics. Isolates from control samples had a lower prevalence of resistance than those from treated samples to ampicillin-sulbactam (P < 0.01, samples treated with TSP), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (P < 0.001, ASC, AA and CA), cephotaxime (P < 0.05, TSP), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (P < 0.05, AA; P < 0.01, CA), tetracycline (P < 0.01, CA), ciprofloxacin (P < 0.001, ASC; P < 0.05, AA; P < 0.01, CA) and nitrofurantoin (P < 0.01, TSP). These results suggest that the chemical decontaminants tested could favor the emergence, selection and/or proliferation of antibiotic-resistant strains in microbial populations on poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071-León, Spain.
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Mexis S, Chouliara E, Kontominas M. Shelf life extension of ground chicken meat using an oxygen absorber and a citrus extract. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Alonso-Hernando A, Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C. Behaviour of co-inoculated pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on poultry following several decontamination treatments. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 159:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes on produce by trisodium phosphate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Byrd JA, Sams AR, Hargis BM, Caldwell DJ. Effect of selected modified atmosphere packaging on Campylobacter survival in raw poultry. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1324-8. [PMID: 21597074 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most current research on Campylobacter has focused on preharvest or processing plant cross-contamination. Little is known about the effect of storage environment on the survival of Campylobacter on raw poultry. We evaluated the effects of modified storage atmosphere and freezing on the survival of naturally occurring Campylobacter on raw poultry. Broiler carcasses (n = 560) were collected as they exited the chiller in 2 commercial processing plants and were sampled for the detection of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, psychrophiles, and total aerobes at 0 and 14 d of refrigerated (2°C) storage. Gases evaluated were air, 100% O(2), 100% CO(2), and a standard poultry modified atmosphere packaging mixture (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) + 85% N). Freezing was included as a control group. All carcasses were sampled by the whole-carcass rinse method. The rinse fluid was recovered and pooled from 5 individual rinses, and serial dilutions were made for examination of Campylobacter (42°C, 48 h), E. coli (37°C, 24 h), psychrophiles (plate count agar, 4°C, 7 d), and total aerobic bacterial populations (plate count agar, 37°C, 24 h). Campylobacter counts for all treatments were reduced during the 14-d storage period but the 100% O(2) treatment caused a significantly (P < 0.05) greater reduction than the other gas treatments. For the psychrophiles, storage in air resulted in the greatest growth after 14 d, with reduced psychrophilic growth allowed by either O(2) or the modified atmosphere packaging mixture (not different from each other). Of the treatments evaluated, CO(2) allowed the least growth of psychrophiles. Proliferation of E. coli and aerobes was the greatest when packaged in air after 14 d, whereas CO(2) packaging resulted in the least growth. These data suggest that storage under O(2) may reduce Campylobacter recovery and slow psychrophile and aerobe recovery following storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Byrd
- USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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Schirmer BC, Langsrud S. Evaluation of natural antimicrobials on typical meat spoilage bacteria in vitro and in vacuum-packed pork meat. J Food Sci 2010; 75:M98-M102. [PMID: 20492248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of natural antimicrobials on the growth of typical spoilage bacteria from marinated pork. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of thymol, cinnamaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, a rosemary extract, and a grapefruit seed extract against Lactobacillus algidus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc carnosum, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Carnobacterium divergens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, and Serratia proteamaculans were determined in a microplate assay. Combinations of antimicrobials were tested and several combinations showed synergistic effects in inhibiting bacterial growth. Single and combined antimicrobials were added to vacuum-packed pork meat to evaluate preserving effects. Antimicrobial concentrations of up to 10 times the MIC values showed no effect on total bacterial growth in vacuum packed pork meaning that although most antimicrobials inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria in vitro, results from the microplate assay could not be transferred to the meat system. Most natural antimicrobials possess strong odor and flavor that limit their use as a food preservative. In conclusion, this study showed that the use of natural antimicrobials in meat products is limited and that bacterial quality and shelf life was not enhanced under the chosen conditions.
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A dissolving CO2 headspace combined with organic acids prolongs the shelf-life of fresh pork. Meat Sci 2010; 85:280-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Valtierra-Rodríguez D, Heredia NL, García S, Sánchez E. Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in poultry skin by fruit extracts. J Food Prot 2010; 73:477-82. [PMID: 20202332 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.3.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and current methods to control Campylobacter contamination in foods are not completely successful. Plants are a promising source of antimicrobial agents, particularly given the growing interest in "all natural" foods. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts from 28 edible plants against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was evaluated in vitro and in a poultry skin model. Nine of 28 extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity in a diffusion assay, and MBCs were determined for the three most active extracts, i.e., lime, plum, and sour orange peel (MBCs of 2 to 3 mg/ml). Mixtures of the lime, plum, and sour orange peel extracts were applied to chicken skin inoculated with 10(5) CFU of Campylobacter to test for synergistic or antagonist effects. After incubation (48 h at 4 degrees C) with any extract mixture, no Campylobacter CFUs were detectable. A panel of tasters determined that the mixture of lime and plum gave the best flavor to chicken wings. These active extracts from edible fruits are simple to prepare and are alternatives to reduce or eliminate Campylobacter contamination of chicken products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Valtierra-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México
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Alonso-Hernando A, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Effects of exposure to poultry chemical decontaminants on the membrane fluidity of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 137:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Adaptation and cross-adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica to poultry decontaminants. J Microbiol 2009; 47:142-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Friedly E, Crandall P, Ricke S, Roman M, O'Bryan C, Chalova V. In vitroAntilisterial Effects of Citrus Oil Fractions in Combination with Organic Acids. J Food Sci 2009; 74:M67-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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O'Bryan CA, Crandall PG, Ricke SC. Organic Poultry Pathogen Control from Farm to Fork. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2008; 5:709-20. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corliss A. O'Bryan
- Center for Food Safety–IFSE and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Philip G. Crandall
- Center for Food Safety–IFSE and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety–IFSE and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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del Río E, González de Caso B, Prieto M, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Effect of poultry decontaminants concentration on growth kinetics for pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:888-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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