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Liu G, Kragh ML, Aabo S, Jensen AN, Olsen JE. Inhibition of Virulence Gene Expression in Salmonella Dublin, Escherichia coli F5 and Clostridium perfringens Associated With Neonatal Calf Diarrhea by Factors Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria During Fermentation of Cow Milk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828013. [PMID: 35633687 PMCID: PMC9134014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is a major health problem in neonatal and young calves worldwide. It can be caused by a variety of infectious agents, including the bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Clostridium perfringens. Preventive alternatives to antibiotic treatment should be identified. As a first step toward this, the aim of the current study was to examine whether cell-free supernatants from cow milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria affects virulence-gene expression in strains of S. Dublin, ETEC E. coli F5 and C. perfringens. pH-neutralized, cell-free, spent medium of milk (nCFSM) fermented by 61 different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and non-LAB starter cultures belonging to 17 genera was assayed for their effect on expression of important virulence factors (S. Dublin hilA, ssrB, ssaG, flhD, prgI, fliC; ETEC E. coli F5 fanC, estA, fim41a; C. perfringens cpa), when the bacteria were grown in the nCFSM. Screening was done using either a promoter-reporter expression system or RT-qPCR. nCFSM from Bifidobacterium longum BL-15955 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR-33016 downregulated the expression of fanC, fim41a and estA genes in the four tested ETEC E. coli F5 strains without affecting their growth, while mainly B. longum BL-15955 downregulated expression of cpa in the four tested strains of C. perfringens. nCFSM from the mixed cultures; NU-TRISH® BY-Mild (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium BL-15954) and COMBO4 (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus), as well as Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 downregulated the tested virulence genes in the three tested strains of S. Dublin. To enable possible downregulation of the expression of virulence genes in all three target bacteria simultaneously, nCFSM was prepared from NU-TRISH® By-Mild in combination with B. longum BL-15955 (i.e. a four-strain combination). The nCFSM from this combination downregulated the virulence genes expression in all the three species. In the future, NU-TRISH® By-Mild and B. longum BL-15955 in combination could potentially be used for prevention of neonatal calf diarrhea caused by S. Dublin, E. coli F5, and C. perfringens, reducing the need for antimicrobial treatment, however, field studies are needed to prove that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin Laage Kragh
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Aabo
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: John Elmerdahl Olsen
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GÜMÜŞ D, KALAYCI YÜKSEK F, UZ G, SEFER Ö, YÖRÜK E, KÜÇÜKER M. Urine influences growth and virulence gene expressions in Uropathogenic E. coli: a comparison with nutrient limited medium. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.686302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bondue P, Lebrun S, Taminiau B, Everaert N, LaPointe G, Hendrick C, Gaillez J, Crèvecoeur S, Daube G, Delcenserie V. Effect of Bifidobacterium crudilactis and 3′-sialyllactose on the toddler microbiota using the SHIME® model. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bondue P, Milani C, Arnould E, Ventura M, Daube G, LaPointe G, Delcenserie V. Bifidobacterium mongoliense genome seems particularly adapted to milk oligosaccharide digestion leading to production of antivirulent metabolites. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:111. [PMID: 32380943 PMCID: PMC7206731 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) could promote the growth of bifidobacteria, improving young children's health. In addition, fermentation of carbohydrates by bifidobacteria can result in the production of metabolites presenting an antivirulent activity against intestinal pathogens. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO), structurally similar to HMO, are found at high concentration in cow whey. This is particularly observed for 3'-sialyllactose (3'SL). This study focused on enzymes and transport systems involved in HMO/BMO metabolism contained in B. crudilactis and B. mongoliense genomes, two species from bovine milk origin. The ability of B. mongoliense to grow in media supplemented with whey or 3'SL was assessed. Next, the effects of cell-free spent media (CFSM) were tested against the virulence expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. RESULTS Due to the presence of genes encoding β-galactosidases, β-hexosaminidases, α-sialidases and α-fucosidases, B. mongoliense presents a genome more sophisticated and more adapted to the digestion of BMO/HMO than B. crudilactis (which contains only β-galactosidases). In addition, HMO/BMO digestion involves genes encoding oligosaccharide transport systems found in B. mongoliense but not in B. crudilactis. B. mongoliense seemed able to grow on media supplemented with whey or 3'SL as main source of carbon (8.3 ± 1.0 and 6.7 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL, respectively). CFSM obtained from whey resulted in a significant under-expression of ler, fliC, luxS, stx1 and qseA genes (- 2.2, - 5.3, - 2.4, - 2.5 and - 4.8, respectively; P < 0.05) of E. coli O157:H7. CFSM from 3'SL resulted in a significant up-regulation of luxS (2.0; P < 0.05) gene and a down-regulation of fliC (- 5.0; P < 0.05) gene. CFSM obtained from whey resulted in significant up-regulations of sopD and hil genes (2.9 and 3.5, respectively; P < 0.05) of S. Typhimurium, while CFSM obtained from 3'SL fermentation down-regulated hil and sopD genes (- 2.7 and - 4.2, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION From enzymes and transporters highlighted in the genome of B. mongoliense and its potential ability to metabolise 3'SL and whey, B. mongoliense seems well able to digest HMO/BMO. The exact nature of the metabolites contained in CFSM has to be identified still. These results suggest that BMO associated with B. mongoliense could be an interesting synbiotic formulation to maintain or restore intestinal health of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bondue
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilie Arnould
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Ali E, Nielsen SD, Abd-El Aal S, El-Leboudy A, Saleh E, LaPointe G. Use of Mass Spectrometry to Profile Peptides in Whey Protein Isolate Medium Fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus LH-2 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5. Front Nutr 2019; 6:152. [PMID: 31681785 PMCID: PMC6803757 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides in the 3-kDa ultrafiltrate of fermented whey protein isolate (WPI) medium could be responsible for the antivirulence activity of Lactobacillus helveticus LH-2 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 against Salmonella Typhimurium. Non-fermented and fermented media containing 5.6% WPI were fractionated at a 3 kDa cut-off and the filtrate was analyzed by mass spectrometry. The non-fermented WPI medium contained 109 milk derived peptides, which originated from β-casein (52), αs1-casein (22), αs2-casein (10), κ-casein (8), and β-lactoglobulin (17). Most of these peptides were not found in the fermented media, except for 14 peptides from β-casein and one peptide from αs2-casein. Database searches confirmed that 39 out of the 109 peptides had established physiological functions, including angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, or immunomodulating activity. A total of 75 peptides were found in the LH-2 cell free spent medium (CFSM): 54 from β-casein, 14 from k-casein, 4 from β-lactoglobulin and 3 from αs2-casein. From these peptides, 19 have previously been associated with several categories of bioactivity. For La-5 CFSM, a total of 15 peptides were sequenced: 8 from β-casein, 5 from αs1-casein, 2 from β-lactoglobulin. Only 5 of these have previously been reported as having bioactivity. Many of the peptides remaining in the fermented medium would contain low-affinity residues for oligopeptide binding proteins and higher resistance to peptidase hydrolysis. These properties of the sequenced peptides could explain their accumulation after fermentation despite the active proteolytic enzymes of LH-2 and La-5 strains. Down-regulated expression of hilA and ssrB genes in S. Typhimurium was observed in the presence of La-5 and LH-2 CFSM. Downregulation was not observed for the Salmonella oppA mutant strain exposed to the same CFSM used to treat the S. Typhimurium DT104 wild-type strain. This result suggests the importance of peptide transport by S. Typhimurium for down regulation of virulence genes in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ali
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Søren D. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Salah Abd-El Aal
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahlam El-Leboudy
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ebeed Saleh
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Zhou L, He ZG, Li W. AraR, an L-Arabinose-Responding Transcription Factor, Negatively Regulates Resistance of Mycobacterium smegmatis to Isoniazid. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:540-552. [PMID: 31234768 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
L-Arabinose is an important component of mycobacterial cell wall. L-Arabinose is involved in the synthesis of arabinogalactan, lipoarabinomannan, and other sugar compounds, which suggests that it can modulate cell wall permeability and drug resistance. However, whether L-arabinose affects mycobacterial antibiotic resistance and the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we characterized a new transcription factor of Mycobacterium smegmatis, AraR, that responds to L-arabinose and regulates mycobacterial sensitivity to isoniazid (INH). AraR specifically recognizes two conserved 15-bp motifs within the upstream regulatory region of the arabinose (araR) operon. AraR functions as a transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates araR expression. In contrast to the effect of AraR, overexpression of the araR operon contributes to the mycobacterial INH resistance. L-arabinose acts as an effector and derepresses transcriptional inhibition by AraR. The araR-deficient strain is more resistant to INH than the wild-type strain, whereas the araR-overexpressing strain is more sensitive to INH. Addition of L-arabinose to the medium can significantly increase the resistance to INH of the wild-type strain, but not of the araR knockout strain. Therefore, we identified a new L-arabinose-responding transcription factor and revealed its effect on the bacterial antibiotic resistance. These findings can provide new insights in the regulatory mechanisms mediated by sugar molecules and their relationship with drug resistance in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Z-G He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - W Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Gümüş D, Kalaycı Yüksek F, Sefer Ö, Yörük E, Uz G, Anğ Küçüker M. The roles of hormones in the modulation of growth and virulence genes' expressions in UPEC strains. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:319-324. [PMID: 31082530 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host factors such as hormones are known to modulate growth, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria. In the present study, the effect of norepinephrine (NE) and estradiol (Est) on growth and expression levels of virulence genes (usp, sfa/foc, cnf1, aer) of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains C7 and C149 were investigated. METHODS E. coli C7 and C149 were grown in serum based SAPI broth with and without three different concentrations of norepinephrine and estradiol. Growths were determined via optical density measurement in a spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine gene expression levels. Statistical analyses were performed by one way Anova Tukey's post hoc-test. RESULTS According to our results it has been shown that, growths of bacteria could be affected in the presence of hormones which are variable according to incubation period and hormones' concentrations. Up regulation of usp, sfa/foc, cnf1 were shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the presence of low, medium levels NE and all concentrations of Est. The expression of aer was down regulated significantly in the presence of low (p < 0.001) and medium level of Est; but all levels of NE was shown to be increased the expression of aer significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study has shown once more that host factors (norepinephrine and estradiol) could influence the growth of a bacterium as well as gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Gümüş
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Kalaycı Yüksek
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sefer
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Yörük
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Uz
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Anğ Küçüker
- İstanbul Yeni Yüzyl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turkey
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El-Dougdoug N, Cucic S, Abdelhamid A, Brovko L, Kropinski A, Griffiths M, Anany H. Control of Salmonella Newport on cherry tomato using a cocktail of lytic bacteriophages. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 293:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Evaluation of protective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 on toxicity and colonization of Clostridium difficile in human epithelial cells in vitro. Anaerobe 2018; 55:142-151. [PMID: 30576791 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection is a range of toxin - mediated intestinal diseases that is often acquired in hospitals and small communities in developed countries. The main virulence factors of C. difficile are two exotoxins, toxin A and toxin B, which damage epithelial cells and manifest as colonic inflammation and mild to severe diarrhea. Inhibiting C. difficile adherence, colonization, and reducing its toxin production could substantially minimize its pathogenicity and lead to faster recovery from the disease. This study investigated the efficacy of probiotic secreted bioactive molecules from Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, in decreasing C. difficile attachment and cytotoxicity in human epithelial cells in vitro. L. acidophilus La-5 cell-free supernatant (La-5 CFS) was used to treat the hypervirulent C. difficile ribotype 027 culture with subsequent monitoring of cytotoxicity and adhesion. In addition, the effect of pretreating cell lines with La-5 CFS in protecting cells from the cytotoxicity of C. difficile culture filtrate or bacterial cell attachment was examined. La-5 CFS substantially reduced the cytotoxicity and cytopathic effect of C. difficile culture filtrate on HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, La-5 CFS significantly reduced attachment of the C. difficile bacterial cells on both cell lines. It was also found that pretreatment of cell lines with La-5 CFS effectively protected cell lines from cytotoxicity and adherence of C. difficile. Our study suggests that La-5 CFS could potentially be used to prevent and cure C. difficile infection and relapses.
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Bondue P, Crèvecoeur S, Brose F, Daube G, Seghaye MC, Griffiths MW, LaPointe G, Delcenserie V. Cell-Free Spent Media Obtained from Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium crudilactis Grown in Media Supplemented with 3'-Sialyllactose Modulate Virulence Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1460. [PMID: 27713728 PMCID: PMC5031695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex oligosaccharides from human milk (HMO) possess an antimicrobial activity and can promote the growth of bifidobacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. In addition, fermentation of carbohydrates by bifidobacteria can result in the production of metabolites presenting an antivirulence effect on several pathogenic bacteria. Whey is rich in complex bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) structurally similar to HMO and B. crudilactis, a species of bovine origin, is able to metabolize some of those complex carbohydrates. This study focused on the ability of B. bifidum and B. crudilactis to grow in a culture medium supplemented in 3′-sialyllactose (3′SL) as the main source of carbon, a major BMO encountered in cow milk. Next, the effects of cell-free spent media (CFSM) were tested against virulence expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Both strains were able to grow in presence of 3′SL, but B. crudilactis showed the best growth (7.92 ± 0.3 log cfu/ml) compared to B. bifidum (6.84 ± 0.9 log cfu/ml). Then, CFSM were tested for their effects on virulence gene expression by ler and hilA promoter activity of luminescent mutants of E. coli and S. Typhimurium, respectively, and on wild type strains of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium using RT-qPCR. All CFSM resulted in significant under expression of the ler and hilA genes for the luminescent mutants and ler (ratios of −15.4 and −8.1 respectively) and qseA (ratios of −2.1 and −3.1) for the wild type strain of E. coli O157:H7. The 3′SL, a major BMO, combined with some bifidobacteria strains of bovine or human origin could therefore be an interesting synbiotic to maintain or restore the intestinal health of young children. These effects observed in vitro will be further investigated regarding the overall phenotype of pathogenic agents and the exact nature of the active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bondue
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Crèvecoeur
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - François Brose
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Mansel W Griffiths
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph Guelph, Canada
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph Guelph, Canada
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
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Kim SK, Jung KH, Chai YG. Changes in Bacillus anthracis CodY regulation under host-specific environmental factor deprived conditions. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:645. [PMID: 27530340 PMCID: PMC4987991 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Host-specific environmental factors induce changes in Bacillus anthracis gene transcription during infection. A global transcription regulator, CodY, plays a pivotal role in regulating central metabolism, biosynthesis, and virulence in B. anthracis. In this study, we utilized RNA-sequencing to assess changes in the transcriptional patterns of CodY-regulated B. anthracis genes in response to three conditions of environmental starvation: iron, CO2, or glucose deprivation. In addition, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation on newly identified CodY-mediated genes. Results Environmental deprivation induced transcriptional changes in CodY-regulated genes in both wild-type and codY null strains, and both CodY-specific and environment-specific patterns were observed. In the iron-depleted condition, overexpression of iron homeostasis genes was observed independent of codY deletion; however, transcription of siderophore and amino acid biosynthesis genes was CodY dependent. Although CodY has a significant regulatory role in central metabolism and the carbon overflow pathway, metabolism-associated genes exhibited CodY-independent expression patterns under glucose starvation. Genes that were differentially expressed in response to CO2 availability showed CodY-dependent regulation, though their maximal expression did require a supply of CO2/bicarbonate. Conclusions We speculate that CodY regulates the expression of environmental-responsive genes in a hierarchical manner and is likely associated with other transcription regulators that are specific for a particular environmental change. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3004-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Kye Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Antibacterial Activity of Carum copticum Essential Oil Against Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Meat: Stx Genes Expression. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:265-72. [PMID: 27155845 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This work were aimed to (a) determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Carum copticum essential oil (EO) against Escherichia. coli O157:H7 in vitro Trypticase Soy Broth, (TSB) and in ground beef; (b) evaluation of the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of EO on the growth of bacterium in TSB over 72 h (at 35 °C) and ground beef over 9 days (at 4 °C); and (c) investigation of gene expression involved in Shiga toxins production using relative quantitative real-time PCR method. The MIC in broth and ground beef medium were determined as 0.05 (v/v) and 1.75 % (v/w), respectively. In comparison with control cultures, the EO concentration of 0.03 % in broth caused reduction of colony counting as 1.93, 1.79, and 2.62 log10 CFU ml(-1) after 24, 48, and 72 h at 35 °C, and similarly EO (0.75 %) in ground beef resulted to reduction of colony counting as 1.03, 0.92, 1.48, and 2.12 log10 CFU g (-1) after 2, 5, 7, and 9 days at 4 °C, respectively. An increase and decrease in gene expression were observed as result of EO addition (0.03 %) to broth and (0.5 %) to ground beef was noticed, respectively.
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Guri A, Paligot M, Crèvecoeur S, Piedboeuf B, Claes J, Daube G, Corredig M, Griffiths MW, Delcenserie V. In vitroscreening of mare's milk antimicrobial effect and antiproliverative activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 363:fnv234. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Iversen H, Lindbäck T, L’Abée-Lund TM, Roos N, Aspholm M, Stenfors Arnesen L. The gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron influences the virulence potential of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O103:H25. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118140. [PMID: 25719195 PMCID: PMC4342160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is associated with severe gastrointestinal disease. Upon entering the gastrointestinal tract, EHEC is exposed to a fluctuating environment and a myriad of other bacterial species. To establish an infection, EHEC strains have to modulate their gene expression according to the GI tract environment. In order to explore the interspecies interactions between EHEC and an human intestinal commensal, the global gene expression profile was determined of EHEC O103:H25 (EHEC NIPH-11060424) co-cultured with B. thetaiotaomicron (CCUG 10774) or grown in the presence of spent medium from B. thetaiotaomicron. Microarray analysis revealed that approximately 1% of the EHEC NIPH-11060424 genes were significantly up-regulated both in co-culture (30 genes) and in the presence of spent medium (44 genes), and that the affected genes differed between the two conditions. In co-culture, genes encoding structural components of the type three secretion system were among the most affected genes with an almost 4-fold up-regulation, while the most affected genes in spent medium were involved in chemotaxis and were more than 3-fold up-regulated. The operons for type three secretion system (TTSS) are located on the Locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, and qPCR showed that genes of all five operons (LEE1-LEE5) were up-regulated. Moreover, an increased adherence to HeLa cells was observed in EHEC NIPH-11060424 exposed to B. thetaiotaomicron. Expression of stx2 genes, encoding the main virulence factor of EHEC, was down-regulated in both conditions (co-culture/spent medium). These results show that expression of EHEC genes involved in colonization and virulence is modulated in response to direct interspecies contact between cells, or to diffusible factors released from B. thetaiotaomicron. Such interspecies interactions could allow the pathogen to recognize its predilection site and modulate its behaviour accordingly, thus increasing the efficiency of colonization of the colon mucosa, facilitating its persistence and increasing its virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegunn Iversen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toril Lindbäck
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine M. L’Abée-Lund
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Norbert Roos
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Aspholm
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lotte Stenfors Arnesen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Mith H, Clinquart A, Zhiri A, Daube G, Delcenserie V. The impact of oregano (Origanum heracleoticum) essential oil and carvacrol on virulence gene transcription by Escherichia coli O157:H7. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:1-7. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Mundi A, Delcenserie V, Amiri-Jami M, Moorhead S, Griffiths MW. Cell-free preparations of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 and Bifidobacterium longum strain NCC2705 affect virulence gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1740-6. [PMID: 24112574 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are among the most commonly reported bacterial causes of acute diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. Potential virulence factors include motility, chemotaxis, colonization ability, adhesion to intestinal cells, invasion and epithelial translocation, intracellular survival, and formation of toxins. Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains are known to have an inhibitory effect against the growth of various foodborne pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 and Bifidobacterium longum strain NCC2705 cell-free spent media (CFSM) on the expression of virulence genes (cadF, cdtB, flaA, and ciaB) of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 and a luxS mutant, using real-time PCR. Our results demonstrated that the CFSM of both probiotic strains were able to down-regulate the expression of ciaB (ratio of -2.80 and -5.51, respectively) and flaA (ratio of -7.00 and -5.13, respectively) in the wild-type Campylobacter strain. In the luxS mutant, where the activated methyl cycle is disrupted, only the ciaB gene (ratio -7.21) was repressed in the presence of La-5 CFSM. A supplementation of homocysteine to restore the disrupted cycle was able to partially reestablish the probiotic effect of both strains. luxS and the activated methyl cycle might play an active role in the modulation of virulence of C. jejuni by probiotic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mundi
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 and Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Tellez A, Corredig M, Guri A, Zanabria R, Griffiths M, Delcenserie V. Bovine milk fat globule membrane affects virulence expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6313-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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