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You R, Kwon OY, Woo HJ, Lee SH. Hovenia Monofloral Honey can Attenuate Enterococcus faecalis Mediated Biofilm Formation and Inflammation. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:84-97. [PMID: 35028576 PMCID: PMC8728505 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-biofilm formation and anti-inflammatory activity of Hovenia
monofloral honey (HMH) against Enterococcus faecalis.
Co-culture of HMH with E. faecalis attenuated the biofilm
formation of E. faecalis on a polystyrene surface. In addition,
HMH effectively eradicated the established E. faecalis biofilm.
HMH significantly attenuated E. faecalis growth but did not
affect the production of extracellular polymeric substances on E.
faecalis, indicating that reduction of E. faecalis
biofilm is a result of HMH-mediated killing of E. faecalis.
Furthermore, we found that HMH can effectively attenuate E.
faecalis-induced expression of a proinflammatory interleukin-8
(IL-8) in HT-29 cells. Interestingly, treatment of HMH significantly attenuated
the E. faecalis-mediated expression of Toll-like receptor-2
(TLR-2) and its adaptor molecules, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
(MyD88), in HT-29 cells. In addition, E. faecalis-induced
mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation was significantly
attenuated by HMH administration. Furthermore, HMH-mediated anti-inflammatory
efficacy (0.2 mg/mL of HMHs) had an equal extent of inhibitory efficacy as 5
μM of MyD88 inhibitor to attenuate E. faecalis-mediated
IL-8 expression in HT-29 cells. These results suggest that HMH could effectively
inhibit E. faecalis-mediated gastrointestinal inflammation
through regulating the TLR-2/MyD88/MAPKs signaling pathways. Collectively, our
data suggest that HMH could be developed as a potential natural agent to control
E. faecalis-mediated biofilm formation and
inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri You
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Oh Yun Kwon
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Woo
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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Tong A, Tang X, Zhang F, Wang B. Study on the shift of ultraviolet spectra in aqueous solution with variations of the solution concentration. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118259. [PMID: 32208356 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we mainly focused on predictable regularities of the red shift of ultraviolet spectra for β-phenylethylamine (PEA), NaCl and NaOH in aqueous solution. The absorption peaks of the UV spectra near 191 nm of NaCl, NaOH and PEA in aqueous solution moved in the direction of a red shift while the molar absorption coefficient at the peak increased regularly with the increasing solution concentration. These shifts were obtained for solutions with concentrations ranging from 3.68 to 1000 mmol/L for NaCl, from 0.762 to 2000 mmol/L for NaOH, and from 0.0515 to 8.91 mmol/L for PEA. The plots of the logarithm of the solution concentration for NaCl and PEA versus the absorbance at 191 nm and at the peak were linear, and the plots of the logarithm of the solution concentration for NaCl and PEA versus the wavelength at the peak (shifted from 191 nm) were also linear. In addition, the plots of the logarithm of the solution concentration for NaOH that ranged from 0.762 to 1.96 mmol/L versus the absorbance at 191 nm and at the peak were linear as well as the plots of the logarithm of the solution concentration for NaOH that ranged from 1.96 to 2000 mmol/L versus the wavelength at the peak. The slopes of the absorbance at 191 nm of PEA, NaCl and NaOH were somewhat similar to the absorbance at the peak separately, whereas the slopes of the wavelengths at the peak were different from them. Finally, in order to obtain the predictable regularity of the red shift of the UV spectrum for the mixture, 22 ternary mixtures were prepared. The results indicate that the inhibiting effect of hydroxide ions (OH-) caused the wavelength near 206 nm to remain unchanged when the solution concentration of NaOH in the mixture was more than 0.762 mmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angxin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation & Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation & Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation & Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation & Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Liu F, Sun Z, Wang F, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Du L, Wang D, Xu W. Inhibition of biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis of Enterococcus faecalis by phenyllactic acid. Food Microbiol 2020; 86:103344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang F, Wu H, Jin P, Sun Z, Liu F, Du L, Wang D, Xu W. Antimicrobial Activity of Phenyllactic Acid AgainstEnterococcus faecalisand Its Effect on Cell Membrane. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:645-652. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Wang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Panpan Jin
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilan Sun
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihui Du
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Gatto V, Tabanelli G, Montanari C, Prodomi V, Bargossi E, Torriani S, Gardini F. Tyrosine decarboxylase activity of Enterococcus mundtii: new insights into phenotypic and genetic aspects. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:801-813. [PMID: 27624853 PMCID: PMC5072196 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Few information is available about the tyraminogenic potential of the species Enterococcus mundtii. In this study, two plant‐derived strains of E. mundtii were selected and investigated to better understand the phenotypic behaviour and the genetic mechanisms involved in tyramine accumulation. Both the strains accumulated tyramine from the beginning of exponential phase of growth, independently on the addition of tyrosine to the medium. The strains accumulated also 2‐phenylethylamine, although with lower efficiency and in greater extent when tyrosine was not added. Accordingly, the tyrosine decarboxylase (tyrDC) gene expression level increased during the exponential phase with tyrosine added, while it remained constant and high without precursor. The genetic organization as well as sequence identity levels of tyrDC and tyrosine permease (tyrP) genes indicated a correlation with those of phylogenetically closer enterococcal species, such as E. faecium, E. hirae and E. durans; however, the gene Na+/H+ antiporter (nhaC) that usually follow tyrP is missing. In addition, BLAST analysis revealed the presence of additional genes encoding for decarboxylase and permease in the genome of several E. mundtii strains. It is speculated the occurrence of a duplication event and the acquisition of different specificity for these enzymes that deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gatto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Bargossi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Du L, Liu L, Liu F, Ju X, Yuan J. Phenotypic and Genotypic Alterations of Durancin GL-Resistant Enterococcus durans Strains. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:325-32. [PMID: 27096434 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of bacteriocin-resistant bacteria threaten the efficiency of bacteriocin usage as food preservatives. In this experiment, 19 selected Enterococcus durans strains acquired resistance after exposure to durancin GL, and the mutants had similar intermediate levels of resistance. One wild-type E. durans KLDS 6.0603 and its two resistant mutants, E. durans KLDS 6.0603-2 and E. durans KLDS 6.0603-3, were used to characterize phenotypic and genotypic differences. Approximately 100 μg/mL of durancin GL can penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane of E. durans KLDS 6.0603, causing damage to bacterial cells, but cannot penetrate E. durans KLDS 6.0603-2 and KLDS 6.0603-3 membranes. Unsaturated fatty acid content in resistant strains was significantly increased compared with wild-type strains, indicating that the former has more fluidity of cell membrane than the latter. Decreased mannose phosphotransferase system gene expression (mptD) was observed in the two resistant strains. Results showed that the factors, including the increased unsaturated fatty acid and decreased mptD expression, could contribute to durancin GL resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Du
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, China
| | - Lingping Liu
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- 2 Institute of Agricultural Products Processing , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, China
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Liu F, Liu M, Du L, Wang D, Geng Z, Zhang M, Sun C, Xu X, Zhu Y, Xu W. Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of the Combination of ε-Polylysine and Nisin against Enterococcus faecalis. J Food Prot 2015; 78:2200-6. [PMID: 26613915 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antibacterial effect of the combination of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and nisin against Enterococcus faecalis strains. The combination of ε-PL and nisin showed synergistic antibacterial activity against three Enterococcus strains. Scanning electron microscopy and a membrane permeability assay revealed that the combined treatment with ε-PL and nisin synergistically damaged the cell morphology of E. faecalis strain R612Z1 cells. Both ε-PL and nisin can dissipate the transmembrane electric potential of E. faecalis R612Z1 cells, but these peptides did not affect the transmembrane pH gradient. The combination of ε-PL and nisin can produce a high reactive oxygen species level in E. faecalis R612Z1 cells. The results indicated that the uptake of ε-PL into cells was promoted through nisin and that the combination of ε-PL and nisin could produce a high reactive oxygen species level in E. faecalis R612Z1 cells, leading to cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Geng
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongzhi Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
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Liu F, Wang X, Du L, Wang D, Zhu Y, Geng Z, Xu X, Xu W. Effect of NaCl Treatments on Tyramine Biosynthesis of Enterococcus faecalis. J Food Prot 2015; 78:940-5. [PMID: 25951388 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of NaCl stress (0 to 8%, wt/vol) on the growth and tyramine production in two Enterococcus faecalis strains was examined during culture time. The growth of E. faecalis was inhibited by the increase in NaCl concentration, but tyramine production was unaffected. Tyramine accumulated rapidly during the logarithmic phase of the strains, and the final tyramine levels were approximately 800 μg/ml. Relative gene expression of four genes in the tyrosine decarboxylase locus, namely, tyrRS, tyrDC, tyrP, and nhaC, was evaluated at different incubation times. The results showed that NaCl stress could upregulate the expression of tyrDC and tyrP to improve the tyramine production of a single E. faecalis strain under certain conditions, and TyrS could act as a negative regulator on the genetic regulation of the tyramine cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Du
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Geng
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
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9
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Liu F, Du L, Wu H, Wang D, Zhu Y, Geng Z, Zhang M, Xu W. Effects of storage temperature on tyramine production by Enterococcus faecalis R612Z1 in water-boiled salted ducks. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1804-8. [PMID: 25285502 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyramine production by Enterococcus faecalis R612Z1 in water-boiled salted ducks was evaluated during storage at different temperatures. The results showed that E. faecalis R612Z1 could produce tyramine in meat samples when the storage temperature was no less than 4°C. The E. faecalis R612Z1 counts of the meat samples reached 10(8) CFU/g on day 7 at 4°C and on day 4 at 10°C. However, the tyramine content of the meat samples stored at 10°C increased to 23.73 μg/g (on day 10), which was greater than the level in the samples stored at 4°C (7.56 μg/g). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR detection of the expression level of the tyrDC gene in E. faecalis R612Z1 in the meat samples revealed no significant changes at different storage temperatures. Thus, the changes in tyramine production of E. faecalis R612Z1 may be due to the different enzymatic activities at different storage temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Geng
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
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Liu F, Xu W, Du L, Wang D, Zhu Y, Geng Z, Zhang M, Xu W. Heterologous expression and characterization of tyrosine decarboxylase from Enterococcus faecalis R612Z1 and Enterococcus faecium R615Z1. J Food Prot 2014; 77:592-8. [PMID: 24680070 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) is responsible for tyramine production and can catalyze phenylalanine to produce β-phenylethylamine. Enterococcus strains are a group of bacteria predominantly producing tyramine and β-phenylethylamine in water-boiled salted duck. In this study, the heterologous expression and characterization of two TDCs from Enterococcus faecalis R612Z1 (612TDC) and Enterococcus faecium R615Z1 (615TDC) were studied. The recombinant putative proteins of 612TDC and 615TDC were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. 612TDC is a 620-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 70.0 kDa, whereas 615TDC is a 625-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 70.3 kDa. Both 612TDC and 615TDC showed an optimum temperature of 25 °C for the tyrosine and phenylalanine substrates. However, 612TDC revealed maximal activity at pH 5.5, whereas 615TDC revealed maximal activity at pH 6.0. Kinetic studies showed that 612TDC and 615TDC exhibited higher specificity for tyrosine than for phenylalanine. The catalysis abilities of both 612TDC and 615TDC for phenylalanine were restrained significantly with the increase in NaCl concentration, but this was not the case for tyrosine. This study revealed that the enzyme properties of the purified recombinant 612TDC and 615TDC were similar, although their amino acid sequences had 84% identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lihui Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiming Geng
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Muhan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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