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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Broiler Farms at the Tolima Region-Colombia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040970. [PMID: 33807224 PMCID: PMC8067184 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella spp. is a major foodborne pathogen with a worldwide distribution that is responsible for salmonellosis in animals and humans. Salmonella contamination of poultry and derivative products occurs at different levels. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in broilers farms and to conduct a phenotypic and molecular characterization of Salmonella isolates. The prevalence at the broiler farm level was 26.67%, and all isolates were found to belong to the serovar Salmonella Paratyphi B. These results suggest a common source of Salmonella contamination between broiler farms, presumably via feed, parent flocks or hatchery machines. Salmonella Paratyphi B is present in different segments of the poultry chain in the Tolima region. Additional studies are needed to identify the main source of Salmonella in broilers, chicken carcasses, and eggs commercialized in the Tolima region. Abstract Salmonella is an important animal and human pathogen responsible for Salmonellosis, and it is frequently associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in the poultry farms and to determine the genetic relationship. A total of 135 samples collected from fifteen broiler farms, including cloacal, feed, water, environmental and farm operator faeces samples were subjected to microbiological isolation. Molecular confirmation of Salmonella isolates was carried out by amplification of the invA gene, discrimination of d-tartrate-fermenting Salmonella isolates using multiplex PCR, and subsequently analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A survey questionnaire was conducted to identify potential risk factors for Salmonella presence in broiler farms. The prevalence of Salmonella at the farm level was 26.67%, and Salmonella isolates were serotyped as S. Paratyphi B and all isolates were d-tartrate-fermenting (dT+). PFGE showed three highly similar clusters and one significantly different Salmonella isolate. S. Paratyphi B continued to be present in different links of the poultry chain in the Tolima region, and identification of its main source is necessary to control its dissemination.
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Dominguez JE, Viñas MR, Herrera M, Moroni M, Gutkind GO, Mercado EC, Di Conza JA, Chacana PA. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella Heidelberg isolates from poultry. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:309-315. [PMID: 33594796 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, Salmonella Heidelberg has been extensively isolated from poultry in several countries. In this context, molecular characterization is essential to understand whether the strains have entered the farms from a single or several sources. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the genetic relationship and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. Heidelberg strains isolated between 2011 and 2012 from broiler farms belonging to three integrated poultry companies located in Argentina. The genetic relatedness of the S. Heidelberg isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and resistance to 21 antimicrobials was determined by the disc diffusion method. The isolates were assigned to four PFGE patterns. Most of the strains showed 100% similarity and belonged to the same integrated poultry company. This PFGE pattern was also prevalent in S. Heidelberg strains isolated from humans in several provinces of Argentina, which suggests an epidemiological association between human and poultry strains. All the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and no clear relationship was observed between PFGE and resistance patterns. S. Heidelberg strains may circulate among farms from the same integrated company due to common sources of contamination. To guarantee the safety of the poultry product for the consumers, holistic approaches including surveillance of Salmonella throughout the production chain together with control measures are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Elizabeth Dominguez
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IPVet), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Viñas
- Servicios de Enterobacterias, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán (ANLIS-Malbrán), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Herrera
- Dirección General de Laboratorios y Control Técnico (Dilab), SENASA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirian Moroni
- Servicios de Enterobacterias, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán (ANLIS-Malbrán), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Omar Gutkind
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa Cristina Mercado
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICvyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - José Alejandro Di Conza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Anibal Chacana
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IPVet), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina.,Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICvyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina
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Castro-Vargas RE, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Rondón-Barragán IS. Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron in Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated from Poultry Farms in Santander - Colombia. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Motlagh AM, Yang Z. Detection and occurrence of indicator organisms and pathogens. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1402-1408. [PMID: 31505073 PMCID: PMC7169830 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review paper focuses on detection and quantification techniques of indicator organisms that can be used for water quality assessment. The environmental pathogens that are critical to understand and better evaluate water quality are also discussed in this paper. Several recent studies using culture-independent methods such as microbial source tracking, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, mitochondrial DNA, and next generation sequencing to assess various environmental samples and water bodies have been reviewed. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Various waterborne pathogens and cases of outbreak occurances due to presence of pathogens are studied in this review paper. Recent studies for detecting major indicator organisms to evaluate the presence of pathogens in water bodies are reviewed. Culture-independent techniques as robust tools to detect and quantify waterborne pathogens are discussed in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M. Motlagh
- Department of Civil EngineeringCalifornia State UniversitySacramentoCalifornia
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- Department of Civil EngineeringCalifornia State UniversitySacramentoCalifornia
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Holguín AV, Cárdenas P, Prada-Peñaranda C, Rabelo Leite L, Buitrago C, Clavijo V, Oliveira G, Leekitcharoenphon P, Møller Aarestrup F, Vives MJ. Host Resistance, Genomics and Population Dynamics in a Salmonella Enteritidis and Phage System. Viruses 2019; 11:E188. [PMID: 30813274 PMCID: PMC6410252 DOI: 10.3390/v11020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages represent an alternative solution to control bacterial infections. When interacting, bacteria and phage can evolve, and this relationship is described as antagonistic coevolution, a pattern that does not fit all models. In this work, the model consisted of a microcosm of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and φSan23 phage. Samples were taken for 12 days every 48 h. Bacteria and phage samples were collected; and isolated bacteria from each time point were challenged against phages from previous, contemporary, and subsequent time points. The phage plaque tests, with the genomics analyses, showed a mutational asymmetry dynamic in favor of the bacteria instead of antagonistic coevolution. This is important for future phage-therapy applications, so we decided to explore the population dynamics of Salmonella under different conditions: pressure of one phage, a combination of phages, and phages plus an antibiotic. The data from cultures with single and multiple phages, and antibiotics, were used to create a mathematical model exploring population and resistance dynamics of Salmonella under these treatments, suggesting a nonlethal, growth-inhibiting antibiotic may decrease resistance to phage-therapy cocktails. These data provide a deep insight into bacterial dynamics under different conditions and serve as additional criteria to select phages and antibiotics for phage-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Cárdenas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Laura Rabelo Leite
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Camila Buitrago
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, 66055-090 Belém, Brazil.
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Frank Møller Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Martha J Vives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia.
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Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B isolated from vegetables and processing environment in Malaysia. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 290:180-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Budiati T, Rusul G, Wan-Abdullah WN, Chuah LO, Ahmad R, Thong KL. Genetic Relatedness of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) Obtained from Wet Markets and Ponds in Penang, Malaysia. J Food Prot 2016; 79:659-65. [PMID: 27052872 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A total of 43 Salmonella enterica isolates belonging to different serovars (Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Corvallis, Salmonella Stanley, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Mikawasima, and Salmonella Bovismorbificans) were isolated from catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) obtained from nine wet markets and eight ponds in Penang, Malaysia. Thirteen, 19, and 11 isolates were isolated from 9 of 32 catfish, 14 of 32 tilapia, and 11 of 44 water samples, respectively. Fish reared in ponds were fed chicken offal, spoiled eggs, and commercial fish feed. The genetic relatedness of these Salmonella isolates was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) using primer OPC2, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Composite analysis of the RAPD-PCR, REP-PCR, and PFGE results showed that the Salmonella serovars could be differentiated into six clusters and 15 singletons. RAPD-PCR differentiated the Salmonella isolates into 11 clusters and 10 singletons, while REP-PCR differentiated them into 4 clusters and 1 singleton. PFGE differentiated the Salmonella isolates into seven clusters and seven singletons. The close genetic relationship of Salmonella isolates from catfish or tilapia obtained from different ponds, irrespective of the type of feed given, may be caused by several factors, such as the quality of the water, density of fish, and size of ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titik Budiati
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Food Technology Department, State Polytechnic of Jember, 68121 Jember, Indonesia
| | - Gulam Rusul
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Nadiah Wan-Abdullah
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Li-Oon Chuah
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rosma Ahmad
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B (dT+) and Heidelberg Strains from the Colombian Poultry Chain. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01265-15. [PMID: 26494672 PMCID: PMC4616196 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01265-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a pathogen of significant public health importance that is frequently associated with foodborne illness. We report the whole-genome sequences of four multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and Heidelberg strains, isolated from the Colombian poultry chain. The isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes for aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.
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