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Liu X, Ming Z, Ding Y, Guan P, Shao Y, Wang L, Wang X. Characterization of a novel phage SPX1 and biological control for biofilm of Shewanella in shrimp and food contact surfaces. Int J Food Microbiol 2025; 426:110911. [PMID: 39288570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens, commonly found in seafood, forms tenacious biofilms on various surfaces, contributing to spoilage and cross-contamination. Bacteriophages, owing to their potent lytic capabilities, have emerged as novel and safe options for preventing and eliminating contaminants across various foods and food processing environments. In this study, a novel phage SPX1 was isolated, characterized by a high burst size (43.81 ± 3.01 PFU/CFU) and a short latent period (10 min). SPX1 belongs to the Caudoviricetes class, exhibits resistance to chloroform, and sensitivity to ultraviolet. It shows stability over a wide range of temperatures (30-50 °C) and pH levels (3-11). The genome of phage SPX1 consists of 53,428 bp with 49.72 % G + C composition, and lacks tRNAs or virulence factors. Genome analysis revealed the presence of two endolysins, confirming its biofilm-removal capacity. Following the treatment of shrimp surface biofilm with the optimal MOI of 0.001 of phage SPX1 for 5 h, the bacterial count decreased by 1.84 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/cm2 (> 98.5 %). Biofilms on the surfaces of the three common materials used in shrimp processing and transportation also showed varying degrees of reduction: glass (1.98 ± 0.01 log10 CFU/cm2), stainless steel (1.93 ± 0.05 log10 CFU/cm2), and polyethylene (1.38 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/cm2). The study will contribute to phage as a novel and potent biocontrol agent for effectively managing S. putrefaciens and its biofilm, ensuring a reduction in spoilage bacteria contamination during the aquaculture, processing, and transportation of seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zixin Ming
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yifeng Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Nazir A, Xu X, Liu Y, Chen Y. Phage Endolysins: Advances in the World of Food Safety. Cells 2023; 12:2169. [PMID: 37681901 PMCID: PMC10486871 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, the exploration of alternative approaches to safeguard food safety becomes more crucial than ever. Phage endolysins are enzymes derived from phages that possess the ability to break down bacterial cell walls. They have emerged as promising antibacterial agents suitable for integration into food processing systems. Their application as food preservatives can effectively regulate pathogens, thus contributing to an overall improvement in food safety. This review summarizes the latest techniques considering endolysins' potential for food safety. These techniques include native and engineered endolysins for controlling bacterial contamination at different points within the food production chain. However, we find that characterizing endolysins through in vitro methods proves to be time consuming and resource intensive. Alternatively, the emergence of advanced high-throughput sequencing technology necessitates the creation of a robust computational framework to efficiently characterize recently identified endolysins, paving the way for future research. Machine learning encompasses potent tools capable of analyzing intricate datasets and pattern recognition. This study briefly reviewed the use of these industry 4.0 technologies for advancing the research in food industry. We aimed to provide current status of endolysins in food industry and new insights by implementing these industry 4.0 strategies revolutionizes endolysin development. It will enhance food safety, customization, efficiency, transparency, and collaboration while reducing regulatory hurdles and ensuring timely product availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazir
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
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Kreienbaum M, Dörrich AK, Brandt D, Schmid NE, Leonhard T, Hager F, Brenzinger S, Hahn J, Glatter T, Ruwe M, Briegel A, Kalinowski J, Thormann KM. Isolation and Characterization of Shewanella Phage Thanatos Infecting and Lysing Shewanella oneidensis and Promoting Nascent Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573260. [PMID: 33072035 PMCID: PMC7530303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Shewanella are widespread in nature in various habitats, however, little is known about phages affecting Shewanella sp. Here, we report the isolation of phages from diverse freshwater environments that infect and lyse strains of Shewanella oneidensis and other Shewanella sp. Sequence analysis and microscopic imaging strongly indicate that these phages form a so far unclassified genus, now named Shewanella phage Thanatos, which can be positioned within the subfamily of Tevenvirinae (Duplodnaviria; Heunggongvirae; Uroviricota; Caudoviricetes; Caudovirales; Myoviridae; Tevenvirinae). We characterized one member of this group in more detail using S. oneidensis MR-1 as a host. Shewanella phage Thanatos-1 possesses a prolate icosahedral capsule of about 110 nm in height and 70 nm in width and a tail of about 95 nm in length. The dsDNA genome exhibits a GC content of about 34.5%, has a size of 160.6 kbp and encodes about 206 proteins (92 with an annotated putative function) and two tRNAs. Out of those 206, MS analyses identified about 155 phage proteins in PEG-precipitated samples of infected cells. Phage attachment likely requires the outer lipopolysaccharide of S. oneidensis, narrowing the phage's host range. Under the applied conditions, about 20 novel phage particles per cell were produced after a latent period of approximately 40 min, which are stable at a pH range from 4 to 12 and resist temperatures up to 55°C for at least 24 h. Addition of Thanatos to S. oneidensis results in partial dissolution of established biofilms, however, early exposure of planktonic cells to Thanatos significantly enhances biofilm formation. Taken together, we identified a novel genus of Myophages affecting S. oneidensis communities in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kreienbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja K Dörrich
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Brandt
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nicole E Schmid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tabea Leonhard
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Hager
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Brenzinger
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Julia Hahn
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timo Glatter
- Facility for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruwe
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ariane Briegel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kai M Thormann
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Shannon R, Radford DR, Balamurugan S. Impacts of food matrix on bacteriophage and endolysin antimicrobial efficacy and performance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1631-1640. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1584874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shannon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Devon R. Radford
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sampathkumar Balamurugan
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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