1
|
Chimuti S, Mugadza DT, Ntuli V, Njage PMK. Contribution of Farm-level Hygiene and Handling Practices to Microbial Safety Profiles in the Informal Dairy Sector in Zimbabwe. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100313. [PMID: 38871224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The current study assessed (i) the microbiological safety level profiles (MSLPs) of milkmen's hands and milking containers and (ii) the influence of hygiene and handling practices on MSLPs of raw and cultured milk, from six informal dairy farms in Zimbabwe. Interviews and direct observations were carried out during the assessment of hygiene and handling practices at six farms designated A to F. Microbiological criteria of the following six microbiological parameters: Total Bacterial Counts (TBCs), Coliform Counts (CCs), Total Escherichia coli Counts (TECs), Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia, were used to determine contamination level (CL) at four different critical sampling locations (CSLs). The CSLs were raw milk (CSL1), cultured milk (CSL2), milkmen's hands (CSL3), and milking containers (CSL4). The microbiological criteria of the six microbiological parameters were used to score CLs as: intolerable (0), poor to average (1), average (2), and good (3). MSLPs at each CSL for the six farms were computed based on the CL scores to a maximum score of 18. A total of 192 samples were collected and analyzed. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected at all the CSLs. All the farms failed to achieve a maximum MSLP score of 18 at all the CSLs. The relationship between MSLPs and hygiene and handling practices was tested using point-biserial correlation coefficients. The correlation study revealed that handling and hygiene practices (such as the duration between milking and storage, the type of milking container utilized at farms, the frequency of cleaning the milking parlor, the water source for hand and equipment washing, and the use of hand sanitizers) generally influenced the MSLPs on the farms. Both training and improvement in infrastructure are needed to improve the quality of milk and its products produced and sold in the informal value chain in Zimbabwe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chimuti
- Deprtment of Food and Microbiology, Government Analyst Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Childcare, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - D T Mugadza
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
| | - V Ntuli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - P M K Njage
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Y, Wang W, Li M, Zhang J, Ji L, Zhao Z, Zhang R, Cai D, Chen L. Microbial diversity of meat products under spoilage and its controlling approaches. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1078201. [PMID: 36532544 PMCID: PMC9752900 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat spoilage (MS) is a complex microbial ecological process involving multiple specific microbial interactions. MS is detrimental to people's health and leads to the waste of meat products which caused huge losses during production, storage, transportation, and marketing. A thorough understanding of microorganisms related to MS and their controlling approaches is a necessary prerequisite for delaying the occurrence of MS and developing new methods and strategies for meat product preservation. This mini-review summarizes the diversity of spoilage microorganisms in livestock, poultry, and fish meat, and the approaches to inhibit MS. This would facilitate the targeted development of technologies against MS, to extend meat's shelf life, and effectively diminish food waste and economic losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhu
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Lab of Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mpundu P, Muma JB, Mukumbuta N, Mukubesa AN, Muleya W, Kapila P, Hang'ombe BM, Munyeme M. Isolation, discrimination, and molecular detection of Listeria species from slaughtered cattle in Namwala District, Zambia. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35717165 PMCID: PMC9206240 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food industry is increasingly becoming more scrutinized, given the frequency and intensity with which zoonotic diseases are being reported. Pathogen tracking has become more applicable with regards food safety. It is in this regard that the present study was formulated to track Listeria species. in freshly slaughtered cattle carcasses by utilizing standard and molecular biological techniques. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to December 2020 with 200 samples being equally collected in the rainy and dry seasons. A total of 180 and 20 swabs were aseptically collected from carcasses and the environment respectively. Samples were first subjected to pre-enrichment in half-strength Fraser broth followed by enrichment in full strength Fraser broth and subsequent plating on Listeria agar. Listeria growth characteristics were identified up to species level based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Further, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. Quantitative proportionate survey data were analyzed using Stata Version 15 software to estimate crude prevalence taking into account complex design at abattoir level. Factors associated with contamination were characterized using logistic regression. Sequences were analyzed using, Genetyyx version 12 and phylogenetic Mega. RESULTS Of the 200 samples, 19 were positive for Listeria species identified as L.innocua 14/19 (73.7%) and L. monocytogenes 5/19 (26.3%). All isolates were from freshly slaughtered carcasses, and none from environment. Siginificant differences in contamination levels were observed based on season: rainy season yielded 14 (73.6%) whilst the dry season 5 (26.3%). The L. monocytogenes strains showed a high degree of homogeneity on phylogenetic analysis and clustered based on abattoir. Seasonality was identified as a major determinant influencing contamination based on the final logistic regression model. CONCLUSION This study found evidence of L. monocytogenes contamination on traditionally raised beef carcasses across various abattoirs surveyed. The failure to find Listeria contamination on the abattoir environment may to a greater extent intimate cattle carccases as primary sources of contamination. However, a more comprerehnsive study incorporating different geographical regions is needed to conclusively ascertain these present findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Mpundu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, 33991, Zambia. .,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Nawa Mukumbuta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, 33991, Zambia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, 33991, Zambia
| | - Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Penjaninge Kapila
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Bernard Mudenda Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Molecular subtyping of Salmonella spp. strains in provincial abattoirs with no hazard analysis critical control point from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2022; 54:322-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
5
|
Adamchick J, Rich KM, Perez AM. Self-Reporting of Risk Pathways and Parameter Values for Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Slaughter Cattle from Alternative Production Systems by Kenyan and Ugandan Veterinarians. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112112. [PMID: 34834919 PMCID: PMC8621966 DOI: 10.3390/v13112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Countries in which foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic may face bans on the export of FMD-susceptible livestock and products because of the associated risk for transmission of FMD virus. Risk assessment is an essential tool for demonstrating the fitness of one’s goods for the international marketplace and for improving animal health. However, it is difficult to obtain the necessary data for such risk assessments in many countries where FMD is present. This study bridged the gaps of traditional participatory and expert elicitation approaches by partnering with veterinarians from the National Veterinary Services of Kenya (n = 13) and Uganda (n = 10) enrolled in an extended capacity-building program to systematically collect rich, local knowledge in a format appropriate for formal quantitative analysis. Participants mapped risk pathways and quantified variables that determine the risk of infection among cattle at slaughter originating from each of four beef production systems in each country. Findings highlighted that risk processes differ between management systems, that disease and sale are not always independent events, and that events on the risk pathway are influenced by the actions and motivations of value chain actors. The results provide necessary information for evaluating the risk of FMD among cattle pre-harvest in Kenya and Uganda and provide a framework for similar evaluation in other endemic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adamchick
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karl M. Rich
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferguson College of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Andres M. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Mahmood O, Bridges WC, Jiang X, Fraser AM. A longitudinal study: Microbiological evaluation of two halal beef slaughterhouses in the United States. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Durmuşoğlu H, İncili GK, Demir P, İlhak Oİ. Effects of workers’ hand washing and knife disinfection practices on microbiological quality of small animal carcasses in slaughterhouse environment. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Durmuşoğlu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Food Hygiene and Technology Firat University Elazığ Turkey
| | - Gökhan Kürşad İncili
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Food Hygiene and Technology Firat University Elazığ Turkey
| | - Pelin Demir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Food Hygiene and Technology Firat University Elazığ Turkey
| | - Osman İrfan İlhak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Food Hygiene and Technology Firat University Elazığ Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wambui J, Püntener S, Corti S, Cernela N, Stephan R. Detection of Psychrophilic Clostridium spp. Causing "Blown Pack" Spoilage in Meat Juice Samples from Chilled Vacuum-Packed Beef and Lamb Meat Imported from Different Countries to Switzerland. J Food Prot 2020; 83:56-59. [PMID: 31825674 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
"Blown pack" spoilage (BPS) of chilled vacuum-packed meat is mainly caused by anaerobic and psychrophilic Clostridium spp., including C. estertheticum, C. gasigenes, C. frigoriphilum, and C. frigidicarnis. Recently, its occurrence has been reported in several countries, especially in internationally traded meat. Therefore, this study aimed at detecting the occurrence of psychrophilic Clostridium spp. causing BPS in meat juice samples (MJS) from chilled vacuum-packed beef and lamb meat imported from other countries to Switzerland. One hundred fifty-four MJS (n = 78 from beef; n = 76 from lamb meat) were screened for psychrophilic Clostridium spp. by quantitative PCR, whereby MJS with a crossing point PCR cycle value <35 and >35 were considered positive and negative, respectively. Psychrophilic Clostridium spp. were detected in 10 MJS, of which 2 were from beef and 8 were from lamb meat. The two beef MJS originated from Spain and Lithuania, whereas the lamb MJS originated from New Zealand (six) and Australia (two). This is the first report of psychrophilic Clostridium spp. in MJS from chilled vacuum-packed beef and lamb meat imported from other countries to Switzerland and provides further evidence that the risk of BPS in lamb meat is higher than in beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wambui
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Sabrina Püntener
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Sabrina Corti
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Nicole Cernela
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wambui J, Stephan R. Relevant Aspects of Clostridium estertheticum as a Specific Spoilage Organism of Vacuum-Packed Meat. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050142. [PMID: 31137543 PMCID: PMC6560419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium estertheticum is a psychrotolerant, gram-positive, motile, anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that causes blown pack spoilage (BPS). Spoilage occurs in vacuum-packed meat without temperature abuse. Having been reported in the last 30 years in several countries, BPS by Cl. estertheticum is a major issue around the world and presents a huge economic impact on the meat industry. Despite being an important spoilage microorganism, studies on Cl. estertheticum are challenged by numerous aspects. These include, lack or poor growth in laboratory media, long culturing periods, and unpredictable isolation on the media. These factors hamper the detection of Cl. estertheticum before occurrence of BPS, which further undermines efforts to prevent the occurrence of BPS. Nevertheless, considerable developments have taken place with regard to culture-independent methods. Although information on Cl. estertheticum is available, it is limited and remains highly fragmented. Therefore, this review collates the available information and discusses relevant aspects of Cl. estertheticum as a specific spoilage organism of BPS in vacuum-packed meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wambui
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wambui J, Tasara T, Njage PMK, Stephan R. Species Distribution and Antimicrobial Profiles of Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Kenyan Small and Medium Enterprise Slaughterhouses. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1445-1449. [PMID: 30080119 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at identifying and assessing antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from small and medium enterprise slaughterhouses in Kenya. In total, 67 isolates were recovered from 48 of 195 samples examined from beef carcasses, personnel, and cutting equipment in five small and medium enterprise slaughterhouses. The isolates were identified by using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and screened thereafter for their resistance against 12 antibiotics by using a disk diffusion assay. The isolates ( n = 67) included Enterococcus faecalis (41.8%), Enterococcus mundtii (17.9%), Enterococcus thailandicus (13.4%), Enterococcus faecium (9.0%), Enterococcus hirae (7.5%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (6.0%), and Enterococcus devriesei (4.5%). None of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and levofloxacin. Resistance to rifampin (46.3%), erythromycin (23.9%), tetracycline (20.9%), and chloramphenicol (7.5%) was distributed among six of the seven species. All E. thailandicus were resistant to rifampin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. E. faecalis was resistant to rifampin (60.7%), tetracycline (17.9%), erythromycin (14.3%), and chloramphenicol (10.7%). Resistance to two or three antibiotics was observed in 26.9% of the enterococci isolates. The isolation of enterococci that are resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics, such as erythromycin, is of a serious concern given the role enterococci play in the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wambui
- 1 Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.]).,2 Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Taurai Tasara
- 1 Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Patrick Murigu Kamau Njage
- 2 Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.,3 Division for Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roger Stephan
- 1 Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| |
Collapse
|