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Takai S. Guidelines on the hygienic management of wild meat in Japan. Meat Sci 2022; 191:108864. [PMID: 35660292 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The density and distribution of wild ungulates, especially sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa), have increased across the Japanese archipelago in the last two decades. The tradition of consuming wild game meat has been inherited in limited areas in Japan, but recently, the use of wild animals for food has increased. Game meat has become popular at local restaurants and retail meat shops. However, fundamental knowledge of game meat hygiene and health risks has not been fully established among hunters, meat processors, restaurant operators, and consumers. Moreover, game meat-borne illnesses have been reported occasionally. Unlike domesticated livestock, wild animals are not inspected for diseases when being butchered for food, and the meat obtained is at a high risk of being unhygienic. The Guidelines on the hygienic management of wild meat were established in 2014 to ensure the safety of wild meat in Japan. This study describes the situation regarding wild animals and game meat in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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Xie X, Cai X, Zhu H, Li JJ. Motivation-based segmentation of game meat consumers: A look at the beliefs of food consumers during the COVID-19 crisis in China. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1980-1988. [PMID: 34378350 PMCID: PMC8441645 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This research aims to explore the factors motivate consumers to eat game meat during a multi‐state disease outbreak. Methods It proposes a segmentation of consumers based on their attitudes toward and reveals the consumers' food beliefs that motivate their actions. Three segments of game meat consumers were identified: identity seekers, health seekers, and taste seekers. Results A survey of the potential impact that the COVID‐19 crisis has on these three clusters' future food choices showed that the identity and health seekers are more open to a change in food choices. However, the taste seekers are less likely to be influenced by external factors. Conclusions This research indicates that for the policymakers, the key is to take game meat consumers as an effective intervention entry point. It is crucial to facilitate healthy food choices and to promote socially‐ and culturally‐appropriate food beliefs by improving public awareness of the risks of game meat, and invest in organic food. Research Implications This research provides new insights into the food beliefs of game meat consumers via motivation‐based segmentation. This research aims to explore the factors that motivated consumers to eat game meat during a multi‐state disease outbreak that was related to the practice of game consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Xie
- Division of Geography and Tourism, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiaomei Cai
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)
| | - Hong Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai).,School of Geographical Sciences, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Justin Li
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)
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Banzai A, Sugiyama H, Hasegawa M, Morishima Y, Kawakami Y. Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in two freshwater crab species in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, as a possible source of infection in wild boars and sika deer. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:412-418. [PMID: 33473059 PMCID: PMC8025406 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragonimiasis is a particular foodborne parasitic disease that is endemic to southern Kyushu, including Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. We previously detected Paragonimus westermani triploid larvae in meat samples obtained from wild boars and sika deer hunted in Akune City, Kagoshima Prefecture. These mammals act as paratenic hosts and their meat is a source of human paragonimiasis. Paratenic host mammals and humans become infected with the lung fluke, P. westermani, following consumption of second intermediate hosts, freshwater crab species, namely, Geothelphusa dehaani or Sawagani in Japanese, and Eriocheir japonica or Mokuzugani in Japanese. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current infection status of P. westermani in freshwater crabs in Akune City. We collected freshwater crabs from 15 locations and found that the prevalence of P. westermani metacercariae was 1.6% for Sawagani (15 of 941 examined) and 22.1% for Mokuzugani (21 of 95 examined). Based on the morphological characterization of metacercariae and molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene region using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing, all metacercariae were identified as the triploid form of P. westermani. These results indicate that Sawagani and Mokuzugani serve as second intermediate hosts to maintain the life cycle of triploid P. westermani. Further, infection in crabs potentially leads to subsequent P. westermani infections in wild mammals, including wild boars and sika deer, both of which are considered important types of game meat in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Banzai
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Hasegawa
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishima
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Yamazaki A, Shirafuji Y, Kamata Y. Establishment of a Novel Molecular Detection Method for Sarcocystis in Venison. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:104-113. [PMID: 33030358 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, horse meat (basashi) contaminated with Sarcocystis spp. caused food poisoning in Japan. An official detection method provided by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Japan, was designed to detect Sarcocystis fayeri to diagnose and control outbreaks of basashi food poisoning. In 2011, Sarcocystis-contaminated venison also caused food poisoning. However, the official MHLW detection method was not adequate for detecting Sarcocystis spp. in venison. In this study, we established a novel PCR-based detection method that amplifies 18S rRNA gene based on the conserved region of the sequence in 32 species of Sarcocystis for screening and quantification. Fifty venison samples from three areas in Hokkaido were examined by the MHLW method and the novel detection method. All samples were Sarcocystis spp.-positive. A sequence analysis indicated the presence of a species of Sarcocystis specific to sika deer (Cervus nippon), and not to horses. Another primer pair was designed for a quantitative real-time PCR assay to determine the copy number of the Sarcocystis-18S rRNA gene in parasitized venison. The melting curve analysis revealed high specificity of this assay. The calculated curve demonstrated that this quantitative PCR assay showed R2 value of 0.993 with 10-106 copies. Using this quantitative real-time PCR assay, the gene copy numbers were determined in 50 venison samples. The copy numbers of each sample ranged from 104 to 107 per gram. The copy numbers differed according to the area in Hokkaido. This indicates that the density of Sarcocystis spp. that infect Sika deer in Hokkaido is affected by the area. The novel screening and quantitative PCR method for Sarcocystis in venison was useful for collecting epidemiological information on Sarcocystis in wild Japanese sika deer, which will contribute to improve the safety of venison products in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yamazaki
- Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shirafuji
- Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamata
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Senri Kinran University, Suita, Japan
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Xie X, Huang L, Li J(J, Zhu H. Generational Differences in Perceptions of Food Health/Risk and Attitudes toward Organic Food and Game Meat: The Case of the COVID-19 Crisis in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3148. [PMID: 32366016 PMCID: PMC7246561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel laboratory-confirmed coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, which has caused clusters of severe illnesses, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. This foodborne illness, which reportedly most likely originated in a seafood market where wild animals are sold illegally, has transmitted among humans through close contact, across the world. The aim of this study is to explore health/risk perceptions of and attitudes toward healthy/risky food in the immediate context of food crisis. More specifically, by using the data collected from 1008 respondents in January 2020, the time when China was hit hard by the "Corona Virus Disease 2019" (COVID-19), this study investigates the overall and different generational respondents' health/risk perceptions of and attitudes toward organic food and game meat. The results reveal that, firstly, based on their food health and risk perceptions of healthy and risky food, the respondents' general attitudes are positive toward organic food but relatively negative toward game meat. Secondly, older generations have a more positive attitude and are more committed to organic food. Younger generations' attitude toward game meat is more negative whereas older generations attach more importance to it because of its nutritional and medicinal values. In addition, this research also indicates that the COVID-19 crisis influences the respondents' perceptions of and attitudes toward organic food and game meat consumption. However, the likelihood of its impact on older generations' future change in diets is smaller, which implies that older generations' food beliefs are more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Xie
- Division of Geography and Tourism, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Liman Huang
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jun (Justin) Li
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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