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Alba C, Arroyo R, Fernández L, Narbad A, Rodríguez JM. Characterization of a Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strain Isolated from a Cheese Seal Which Was Last Used in 1936. Foods 2024; 13:2005. [PMID: 38998510 PMCID: PMC11241558 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cheesemaking played a pivotal role in the life of the Pyrenean villages where cheese was a most prized commodity and the subject of much local competition. In one of them (Sasa de Sobrepuerto), Mrs. Sebastiana Palacio decided in 1877 to label all the cheeses made in her household with a seal to differentiate them from those made by other local producers. The cheese seal was last used in 1936 and, since then, it has been kept under excellent storage conditions. Since well-preserved cheese seals are rare, and bacterial cells may survive desiccation for long periods, the objective of this work was to isolate and characterize any lactic acid bacteria that survived in the seal. Analysis of the milky crust material revealed the presence of sheep caseins. Culture-based analysis led to the isolation of a strain of Bacillus licheniformis and a strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius SP36). The latter was characterized in vitro for safety and dairy-related functional properties. Its genome encodes several genes involved in protein, peptide, and amino acid catabolism, and flavor. Overall, the phenotypic and genetic features of this strain support a high potential for being used as adjunct culture in cheesemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Food Microbiome and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
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Lima LS, Müller TN, Ansiliero R, Schuster MB, Silva BL, Jaskulski IB, da Silva WP, Moroni LS. Biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes from the meat processing industry environment and the use of different combinations of detergents, sanitizers, and UV-A radiation to control this microorganism in planktonic and sessile forms. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01361-7. [PMID: 38767749 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the ability of biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes from the meat processing industry environment, as well as the use of different combinations of detergents, sanitizers, and UV-A radiation in the control of this microorganism in the planktonic and sessile forms. Four L. monocytogenes isolates were evaluated and showed moderate ability to form biofilm, as well as carried genes related to biofilm production (agrB, agrD, prfA, actA, cheA, cheY, flaA, sigB), and genes related to tolerance to sanitizers (lde and qacH). The biofilm-forming isolates of L. monocytogenes were susceptible to quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and peracetic acid (PA) in planktonic form, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 125 and 75 ppm, respectively, for contact times of 10 and 5 min. These concentrations are lower than those recommended by the manufacturers, which are at least 200 and 300 ppm for QAC and PA, respectively. Biofilms of L. monocytogenes formed from a pool of isolates on stainless steel and polyurethane coupons were subjected to 14 treatments involving acid and enzymatic detergents, QAC and PA sanitizers, and UV-A radiation at varying concentrations and contact times. All treatments reduced L. monocytogenes counts in the biofilm, indicating that the tested detergents, sanitizers, and UV-A radiation exhibited antimicrobial activity against biofilms on both surface types. Notably, the biofilm formed on polyurethane showed greater tolerance to the evaluated compounds than the biofilm on stainless steel, likely due to the material's surface facilitating faster microbial colonization and the development of a more complex structure, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Listeria monocytogenes isolates from the meat processing industry carry genes associated with biofilm production and can form biofilms on both stainless steel and polyurethane surfaces, which may contribute to their persistence within meat processing lines. Despite carrying sanitizer tolerance genes, QAC and PA effectively controlled these microorganisms in their planktonic form. However, combinations of detergent (AC and ENZ) with sanitizers (QAC and PA) at minimum concentrations of 125 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively, were the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Siqueira Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Pinhalzinho, SC, 89870-000, Brazil
| | - Taís Nunzio Müller
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Pinhalzinho, SC, 89870-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Ansiliero
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Pinhalzinho, SC, 89870-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Bär Schuster
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Pinhalzinho, SC, 89870-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Louise Silva
- Centro Multiusuário, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Joinville, SC, 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Itiane Barcellos Jaskulski
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96001-970, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 960110-610, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96001-970, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 960110-610, Brazil
| | - Liziane Schittler Moroni
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos e Engenharia Química, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Pinhalzinho, SC, 89870-000, Brazil.
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Li S, Xu W, Lin M, Lu Z, Ma Z, Chen S, Yang Y, Zhang H. Heat Resistance, Virulence, and Gene Expression of Desiccation-Adapted Salmonella Enteritidis During Long-Term Storage in Low-Water Activity Foods. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:119-126. [PMID: 38010814 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Desiccation stress could induce crossprotection and even affect virulence of Salmonella enterica. However, the influence of food matrices with low-water activity on desiccation adaptation of Salmonella still remains unclear. This study investigated the survival and adaptation of Salmonella Enteritidis in skim milk powder, ginger powder, and chocolate powder under desiccation storage conditions for a total of 12 weeks. High survival rates of Salmonella Enteritidis in all food matrices maintained over the long-term desiccation storage. Desiccation-adapted Salmonella Enteritidis enhanced heat resistance (p < 0.05) with the increase of storage time. Food composition plays an important role in the induction of crossresistance of desiccation-adapted Salmonella. After desiccation storage, Salmonella Enteritidis in ginger powder was most tolerant to heat treatment. Salmonella Enteritidis in skim milk powder was most resistant to the gastrointestinal simulation environment, and had strongest adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The effects of food composition on gene expression (rpoS, proV, otsA, otsB, grpE, dnaK, rpoH, and sigDE) in desiccation-adapted Salmonella Enteritidis were not significant (p > 0.05). At initial desiccation storage, osmotic protection-related genes (fadA, proV, otsA, and otsB), stress response regulator (rpoS), and heat-resistance-related genes (grpE, dnaK, and rpoH) were all significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). However, after 4-week storage, the expression level of desiccation-related genes, proV, otsA, otsB, grpE, dnaK, and rpoH, significantly decreased (p < 0.05). This study enables a better understanding of Salmonella's responses to long-term desiccation stress in different kinds of low-water activity foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiying Xu
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Lin
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Lu
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuolin Ma
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Liu S, Xue R, Qin W, Yang X, Ye Q, Wu Q. Performance and transcriptome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT 30 under persistent desiccation stress: Cultured by lawn and broth methods. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104323. [PMID: 37567618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Lawn-harvest method uses a solid medium (e.g., tryptic soy agar, TSA) to produce bacterial lawns and is widely accepted for the culture of microorganisms in microbial studies of low-moisture foods (LMFs, foods with water activity less than 0.85). It produces desiccation-tolerant cells with higher D-values in LMFs; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance. Salmonella enterica Enteritidis PT 30 (S. Enteritidis), the most pertinent pathogen in LMFs, was cultured in TSA and tryptic soy broth (TSB). Cells were harvested and inoculated on filter papers to assess their performance under a relative humidity of 32 ± 2%. Transcriptome analysis of cultured cells during long-term desiccation (24, 72, and 168 h) was conducted in TruSeq PE Cluster Kit (Illumina) by paired-end methods. Lawn-cultured S. Enteritidis cells have stronger survivability (only decreased by 0.78 ± 0.12 log after 130 d of storage) and heat tolerance (higher D/β value) than those from the broth method. More desiccation genes of lawn-cultured cells were significantly upregulated from growth to long-term desiccation. Differentially expressed genes were the most enriched in the ribosome and sulfur metabolism pathways in the lawn- and broth-cultured groups. This study tracked the transcriptomic differences between two cultured groups in response to long-term desiccation stress and revealed some molecular mechanisms underlying their different suitability in microbial studies of LMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Ruimin Xue
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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Li S, Chen Y, Zeng J, Zeng H, Ma Z, Chen S, Yang Y, Zhang H. Metabolomics-based response of Salmonella to desiccation stress and skimmed milk powder storage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092435. [PMID: 36910198 PMCID: PMC9996163 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong survival ability of Salmonella in low-moisture foods (LMFs) has been of public concern, and is considered a threat to people's health. Recently, the development of omics technology has promoted research on the molecular mechanisms of the desiccation stress response of pathogenic bacteria. However, multiple analytical aspects related to their physiological characteristics remain unclear. We explored the physiological metabolism changes of S. enterica Enteritidis exposed to a 24 h-desiccation treatment and a subsequent 3-month desiccation storage in skimmed milk powder (SMP) with an approach of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS). A total of 8,292 peaks were extracted, of which 381 were detected by GC-MS and 7,911 peaks were identified by LC-MS/MS, respectively. Through analyses of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and key pathways, a total of 58 DEMs emerged from the 24 h-desiccation treatment, which exhibited the highest relevance for five metabolic pathways, involving glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway. After 3-month SMP storage, 120 DEMs were identified, which were related to several regulatory pathways including arginine and proline metabolism, serine and threonine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycolysis. The analyses of key enzyme activities of XOD, PK, and G6PDH and ATP content provided further evidence that supported the metabolic responses such as nucleic acid degradation, glycolysis, and ATP production played an important role in Salmonella's adaptation to desiccation stress. This study enables a better understanding of metabolomics-based responses of Salmonella at the initial stage of desiccation stress and the following long-term adaptive stage. Meanwhile, the identified discriminative metabolic pathways may serve as potentially useful targets in developing strategies for the control and prevention of desiccation-adapted Salmonella in LMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuolin Ma
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Tao C, Sun G, Tang X, Gan Y, Liang G, Wang J, Huang Y. Bactericidal efficacy of low concentration of vaporized hydrogen peroxide with validation in a BSL-3 laboratory. J Hosp Infect 2022; 127:51-58. [PMID: 35594986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly infective pathogens are cultured and studied in biosafety laboratories. It is critical to thoroughly disinfect these laboratories to prevent laboratory infection. A whole-room, non-contact, reduced corrosion disinfection strategy using hydrogen peroxide was proposed and evaluated. AIM To evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of 8% and 10% vaporized hydrogen peroxide( VHP) in a laboratory setting with spores and bacteria as bioindicators. METHODS Spores of B. atrophaeus and B. stearothermophilus, along with bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis were placed in pre-selected locations in a sealed laboratory and an OXY-PHARM NOCOSPRAY2 vaporized hydrogen peroxide generator was applied. Spore killing efficacy was qualitatively evaluated, and bactericidal efficacy was quantitatively analyzed, and the mean log10 reduction was determined. Finally, the optimized disinfection strategy was verified in a BSL-3 laboratory. FINDINGS Significant reductions in microbial load were obtained for each of the selected spores and bacteria when exposed to VHP in concentrations of 8% and 10% for 2~3 h. S. aureus was found to be more resistant than E. coli and S. epidermidis. Tests with 8% hydrogen peroxide and exposure for more than 3 h completely killed B. atrophaeus on surfaces and equipment in the BSL-3 laboratory. CONCLUSION The vaporized hydrogen peroxide generator is superior in terms of good diffusivity and low corrosiveness and is time-effective in removing the disinfectant residue. This study provides reference for the precise disinfection of air and object surfaces in biosafety laboratories under varying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tao
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - G Sun
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - X Tang
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Gan
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - G Liang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University. Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Wang
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Huang
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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