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Portland Cement: An Overview as a Root Repair Material. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3314912. [PMID: 35036431 PMCID: PMC8758263 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3314912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Portland cement (PC) is used in challenging endodontic situations in which preserving the health and functionality of pulp tissue is of considerable importance. PC forms the main component of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and demonstrates similar desirable properties as an orthograde or retrograde filling material. PC is able to protect pulp against bacterial infiltration, induce reparative dentinogenesis, and form dentin bridge during the pulp healing process. The biocompatibility, bioactivity, and physical properties of PC have been investigated in vitro and in animal models, as well as in some limited clinical trials. This paper reviews Portland cement's structure and its characteristics and reaction in various environments and eventually accentuates the present concerns with this material. This bioactive endodontic cement has shown promising success rates compared to MTA; however, considerable modifications are required in order to improve its characteristics and expand its application scope as a root repair material. Hence, the extensive chemical modifications incorporated into PC composition to facilitate preparation and handling procedures are discussed. It is still important to further address the applicability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of PC before transferring into day-to-day clinical practice.
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Comparison of Rat Connective Tissue Response to BioMTA, Angelus MTA, and Root MTA. Int J Biomater 2021; 2021:7415302. [PMID: 34512762 PMCID: PMC8424238 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7415302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the widespread use of MTA in dentistry and various brands of this product, we decided to compare the three brands available in the country market by their biocompatibility. We divided 20 male Wistar rats into four groups. After local anesthesia and washing, we made two incisions on both sides (4 incisions in total). The experimental groups were Angelus MTA (Angelus, Brazil), BioMTA (CERKAMED, Poland), Root MTA (Dr. Lotfi, Tabriz, Iran), and the control group. The resulting paste was placed in a tube and implanted subcutaneously into male Wistar rats. Wistar rats were sacrificed 7, 15, 30, and 60 days later, with high anesthetic doses. The sample implanted in 10% formalin was stabilized after tissue processing and H&E staining under a microscope. The inflammatory reaction in the tissues received different scores at the beginning of the tube opening. BioMTA had the highest inflammatory response among the groups, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the groups' granulation and calcification (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between BioMTA, Angelus MTA, Root MTA, and control groups in fibrous capsule formation (p < 0.05). Angelus MTA showed the lowest mean fibrous capsule formation in all periods. The effects of Angelus MTA, Root MTA, and BioMTA on connective tissue were investigated and compared. According to this study, these materials have good biocompatibility. According to the findings and statistical analysis, Angelus MTA has the most biocompatibility.
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Meslmani W, Kouchaji C, Rekab S, Abo Fakher MA, Al Nerabieah Z. The efficacy of Portland cement as a pulpotomy agent in deciduous teeth. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bian YY, Zhou L, Zhou G, Jin ZM, Xin SX, Hua ZK, Weng XS. Study on biocompatibility, tribological property and wear debris characterization of ultra-low-wear polyethylene as artificial joint materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Shahi S, Ghasemi N, Rahimi S, Yavari H, Samiei M, Jafari F. Effect of different mixing methods on the physical properties of Portland cement. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e475-e479. [PMID: 27957256 PMCID: PMC5149077 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Portland cement is hydrophilic cement; as a result, the powder-to-liquid ratio affects the properties of the final mix. In addition, the mixing technique affects hydration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mixing techniques (conventional, amalgamator and ultrasonic) on some selective physical properties of Portland cement. Material and Methods The physical properties to be evaluated were determined using the ISO 6786:2001 specification. One hundred sixty two samples of Portland cement were prepared for three mixing techniques for each physical property (each 6 samples). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results The mixing technique had no significant effect on the compressive strength, film thickness and flow of Portland cement (P>0.05). Dimensional changes (shrinkage), solubility and pH increased significantly by amalgamator and ultrasonic mixing techniques (P<0.05). The ultrasonic technique significantly decreased working time, and the amalgamator and ultrasonic techniques significantly decreased the setting time (P<0.05). Conclusions The mixing technique exerted no significant effect on the flow, film thickness and compressive strength of Portland cement samples. Key words:Physical properties, Portland cement, mixing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Shahi
- DDS, MSc, Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- DDS, MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Rahimi
- DDS, MSc, Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Yavari
- DDS, MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- DDS, MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Jafari
- DDS, MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
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Silva SRD, Silva Neto JDD, Schnaider TB, Veiga DF, Novo NF, Mesquita Filho M, Ferreira LM. The use of a biocompatible cement in endodontic surgery. A randomized clinical trial 1. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:422-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160060000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Marques N, Lourenço Neto N, Fernandes AP, Rodini C, Hungaro Duarte M, Rios D, Machado MA, Oliveira T. Pulp tissue response to Portland cement associated with different radio pacifying agents on pulpotomy of human primary molars. J Microsc 2015; 260:281-6. [PMID: 26258985 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of Portland cement associated with different radio pacifying agents on pulp treatment of human primary teeth by clinical and radiographic exams and microscopic analysis. Thirty mandibular primary molars were randomly divided into the following groups: Group I - Portland cement; Group II - Portland cement with iodoform (Portland cement + CHI3 ); Group III - Portland cement with zirconium oxide (Portland cement + ZrO2 ); and treated by pulpotomy technique (removal of a portion of the pulp aiming to maintain the vitally of the remaining radicular pulp tissue using a therapeutic dressing). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were recorded at 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up. The teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted and processed for histological analysis. Data were tested using statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%. The microscopic findings were descriptively analysed. All treated teeth were clinically and radiographically successful at follow-up appointments. The microscopic analysis revealed positive response to pulp repair with hard tissue barrier formation and pulp calcification in the remaining roots of all available teeth. The findings of this study suggest that primary teeth pulp tissue exhibited satisfactory biological response to Portland cement associated with radio pacifying agents. However, further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to determine the safe clinical indication of this alternative material for pulp therapy of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Marques
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - N Lourenço Neto
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - A P Fernandes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - C Rodini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - M Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - D Rios
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - M A Machado
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - T Oliveira
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
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Souza LCD, Yadlapati M, Dorn SO, Silva R, Letra A. Analysis of radiopacity, pH and cytotoxicity of a new bioceramic material. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:383-9. [PMID: 26398510 PMCID: PMC4560498 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RetroMTA® is a new hydraulic bioceramic indicated for pulp capping, perforations or root resorption repair, apexification and apical surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the radiopacity, pH variation and cytotoxicity of this material to ProRoot® MTA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mixed cements were exposed to a digital x-ray along with an aluminum stepwedge for the radiopacity assay. pH values were verified after incubation period of 3, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The cytotoxicity of each cement was tested on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts using a multiparametric assay. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey'spost hoc in GraphPad Prism. RESULTS ProRoot® MTA had higher radiopacity than RetroMTA®(p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for the pH of the materials throughout experimental periods (p>0.05) although pH levels of both materials reduced over time. Both ProRoot® MTA and RetroMTA® allowed for significantly higher cell viability when compared with the positive control (p<0.001). No statistical difference was observed between ProRoot® MTA and RetroMTA® cytotoxicity level in all test parameters, except for the ProRoot® MTA 48-hour extract media in the NR assay (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The current study provides new data about the physicochemical and biological properties of Retro® MTA concerning radiopacity, pH and cytotoxic effects on human periodontal ligaments cells. Based on our findings, RetroMTA® meets the radiopacity requirements standardized by ANSI/ADA number 572, and similar pH values and biocompatibility to ProRoot® MTA. Further studies should be performed to evaluate additional properties of this new material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamatha Yadlapati
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, US
| | - Samuel O Dorn
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, US
| | - Renato Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, US
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, US
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Clinical and radiographic evaluation of Portland cement added to radiopacifying agents in primary molar pulpotomies. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015; 16:377-82. [PMID: 25788172 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-015-0177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Portland cement (PC) added to radiopacifying agents in primary molar pulpotomies. METHODS Thirty primary mandibular molars of children aged between 5 and 9 years were randomly assigned to the following groups: PC; PC with iodoform (PC + CHI(3)); PC with zirconium oxide (PC + ZrO(2)) and treated by pulpotomy technique. Clinical and radiographic follow-up assessments were performed at 6, 12 and 24 months. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). RESULTS The clinical and radiographic evaluations showed 100 % success rates, and the results showed no statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS According to this study, PC added to radiopacifying agents exhibited satisfactory clinical and radiographic results in primary molar pulpotomies.
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Sharifi R, Araghid A, Ghanem S, Fatahi A. Effect of temperature on the setting time of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). J Med Life 2015; 8:88-91. [PMID: 28255404 PMCID: PMC5327716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has numerous applications in dentistry due to various advantages. However, its long setting time has still remained a problem. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature (ambient and distilled water temperature) on the setting time of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Materials and methods: This experimental study comprised of two parts. In the first part, MTA and distilled water samples were kept at ambient temperature for 24 hours (before mixing: effect of distilled water temperature on the setting time of MTA and after mixing: effect of distilled water and ambient temperature on the setting time of MTA), and analyzed and divided into three groups: group 1 (4°C), group 2 (37°C) and group 3 (90°C). The mixed samples were placed in the glass cylinders with an internal diameter of 8 mm and a height of 10 mm, and kept at 37°C temperature and 100% humidity. In the second part, the samples were prepared the same as those of the first part and divided into three groups according to the terms of maintenance: group 1 (4°C), group 2 (37°C) and group 3 (75°C). The mixed samples were then put in glass cylinders with an internal diameter of 8 mm and a height of 10 mm and the samples of groups 1, 2 and 3 were kept at 4, 37 and 75 °C, respectively. At the end of each part, the primary and final setting times were measured by Gilmore needle. Data were analyzed by SPSS using Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Results: The findings of this study showed a significant reduction of the primary and final setting time of MTA for the samples of both parts of the study with an increase in ambient temperature (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that increased ambient temperature caused a reduction in the setting time of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharifi
- Endodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Araghid
- Endodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - S Ghanem
- School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Fatahi
- Medical Biology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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