Repeated exposure of acidic beverages on esthetic restorative materials: An in-vitro surface microhardness study

Assessment of Erosive Effect of Various Beverages on Esthetic Restorative Materials Used in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study

AIM

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the erosive impact of various beverages on the esthetic restorative materials utilized in primary teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred and twenty primary molars indicated for serial extraction or over-retention reason with sound buccal surfaces were collected. One millimeter above the cemento-enamel junction, standard Class V cavities were prepared. Following cavity preparation, all teeth were randomly assigned (20 samples per group for each beverage) to one of the three experimental groups based on the type of filling materials: group I: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GC), group II: nanocomposite resin and group III nanohybrid ormocer-based composite. The samples were kept suspended in various containers containing 250 mL of each orange juice and cola at a temperature of 37°C for three hours per day and rest of day in distilled water. This procedure was repeated for 15 days. Using a 3D optical profilometer, a profilometric reading was recorded for each specimen.

RESULTS

The minimum surface roughness was found in nanohybrid ormocer‑based composite (1.816 ± 0.16 and 1.302 ± 0.08) followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement (3.101 ± 0.12 and 2.946 ± 0.09) and nanocomposite resin (5.242 ± 0.20 and 4.488 ± 0.16) after immersed in the cola and orange juice, respectively. And there was a statistically significant difference found between the different esthetic restorative materials in both media.

CONCLUSION

On conclusion, the current investigation demonstrates that when exposed to both beverages, the erosive effect was much lesser in nanohybrid ormocer-based composite, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement and nanocomposite resin.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Consuming high-calorie, low pH acidic foods and beverages such as carbonated beverages and fruit juices can lead to erosion, a frequent condition that results in irreparable damage to dental hard tissues and early deterioration of dental restorations.

The Effect of a Green Smoothie on Microhardness, Profile Roughness and Color Change of Dental Restorative Materials

Acidic drinks are known to exert negative effects on the surface properties of dental restorative materials. However, the effect of increasingly popular green smoothie drinks has not been addressed so far. The present study investigated the effect of cyclic immersions (5 min daily over 30 days) in a green smoothie drink on the surface properties of contemporary dental restorative materials, including resin composites, an alkasite, and a glass hybrid. Vickers microhardness, profile roughness, and perceptible color change in the CIE L* a* b* color space were evaluated as clinically relevant properties of the material surface. After 30-day green smoothie immersion, microhardness values either decreased by 8–28% (for resin composites) or increased by up to 91% (for glass hybrid). The increase in profile roughness (Ra parameter) of smoothie-immersed specimens was 7–26 times higher compared to the control group. The perceptible color change (ΔE*) in the smoothie group was 3–8 times higher compared to the control group. Overall, this study demonstrated that daily exposure of dental restorations made from resin composites, alkasites, and glass hybrid materials to a green smoothie drink can significantly accelerate material degradation, which is reflected as surface softening, as well as higher roughness and higher perceptible color change.

Influence of pH Cycling on Erosive Wear and Color Stability of High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Cements

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate erosive wear and change in color of high-viscosity glass ionomer cements after pH cycling in two erosive media. There were 3 experimental groups with 22 samples each, (I) EQUIA Forte HT without coat, (II) Fuji IX and (III) Ketac Universal Aplicap. Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (n = 6–8) further exposed to different environments, (1) distilled water, (2) green tea (pH 3.78) and (3) Aceto balsamico vinegar (pH 3.0). Mass and L* a* b* values were recorded before and after pH cycling. The samples in subgroups 2 and 3 were exposed to the acidic media two times a day for 10 min, over a period of 14 days. The differences among materials and erosive effects of the three media were tested using three-way analyses of variance with post hoc LSD test at the significance level p < 0.05. The effect of pH cycling in Aceto balsamico and green tea was degrading for all three materials. pH cycling in Aceto balsamico caused significantly higher erosive wear than pH cycling in Fuzetea and storage in distilled water, in all materials (p < 0.05). pH cycling in both acidic media and in the control group resulted in a significant change in L* a* and b* (p < 0.05). The L* value decreased significantly and the a* and b* values increased significantly (p < 0.05).

In Vitro Weight Loss of Dental Composite Resins and Glass-Ionomer Cements Exposed to a Challenge Simulating the Oral Intake of Acidic Drinks and Foods

Specific conditions of the oral cavity, such as intake of acidic drinks, foods, and drugs, represent a damage both for teeth as well as restorative materials. The aim of this in vitro study is to assess the influence of an acidic challenge on the weight loss of biomimetic restorative dental materials (composite resins and glass-ionomer cements, respectively). Seven products recently available in the marked have been tested in this study for the two kinds of materials, respectively. Resin composites were divided into Groups 1A–7A, whereas glass-ionomer cements into Groups 1B–7B. A total of six samples was considered for each group, among which two were stored into distilled water (control samples) whereas the other four were immersed into soft drink (Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Company, Milano, Italy) for 7 days. Respectively, after 1, 3 and 7 days, weight was assessed for each sample and the percentage weight loss was calculated. For all the composite resins (Groups 1A–7A), no significant intergroup or intragroup differences occurred for the weight loss values (p > 0.05). Conversely, all glass-ionomers (Groups 1B–7B) showed a significant and progressive weight loss after 1, 3, and 7 days of acid challenge (p < 0.05) (intragroup differences). This reduction was significantly lower in case of GC Equia Forte + Coat and ChemFil Rock, with respect to the other cements (p < 0.05) (intergroup differences). In conclusions, all the biomimetic composite resins showed a reliable behavior when exposed to acidic erosion, whereas glass-ionomers cements generally tended to solubilize. However, the additional use of a protective layer above these latter materials could reduce this event. Despite these results appear to be interesting from a clinical point of view, future morphological evaluations should be conducted to evaluate the superficial changes of the materials after acidic explosion.