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Hamonari NH. Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Aloe Vera Mouthwash in Patients With Periodontal Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2024; 16:e66675. [PMID: 39262544 PMCID: PMC11389133 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera has gained significant attention in clinical research, and promoting natural substances is a prevailing trend in dentistry. AIM This study compares the effectiveness of aloe vera mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in reducing plaque accumulation and gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-masked trial included 270 volunteers who were systemically healthy and aged between 18 and 45 years. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (the test group) received aloe vera mouth rinse, Group B (the positive control group) received a placebo (distilled water), and Group C (the negative control group) received 0.2% chlorhexidine. Clinical indicators, which include the plaque index (PI) by Sillness and Loe in 1964 and the gingival index (GI) by Loe and Sillness in 1963, were evaluated at baseline, day 15, and day 30 for all three groups. Participants were directed to rinse their mouths with the specified mouthwash twice daily for 30 days. RESULTS Significant reductions in the GI and PI were observed in both aloe vera and chlorhexidine mouthwashes, with a statistical significance of p<0.001. The placebo mouthwash also showed reductions in both the GI and PI, with a significance level of p<0.001. Post hoc analysis revealed no significant differences between the aloe vera and chlorhexidine groups for the GI and PI, with p-values of 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. CONCLUSION Aloe vera has proven equally effective as chlorhexidine in reducing plaque and gingivitis. This makes it a viable alternative for treating and preventing gingivitis, appealing to those preferring natural, holistic oral care. Incorporating aloe vera mouthwash into daily routines offers an effective, natural solution for maintaining gum health.
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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Evaluation of Aloe vera as a Natural Pharmaceutic in Mouthwashes: A Narrative Review. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-122155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Mouth rinses have been recognized as the main adjuvant or primary treatment to address many issues relating to dentistry. Previous studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial effects of Aloe vera. Recently, Aloe vera has been applied to treat several dental and oral conditions. Methods: Official web pages, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Microsoft were searched for collecting the required data using the keywords Aloe vera, Aloe vera mouthwash, Aloe vera mouth rinse, and dentistry. After checking the abstracts and titles, all relevant papers were retrieved for performing a full-text review. Results: Aloe vera was effective in reducing periodontal indices compared to chlorhexidine. It was also effective in treating oral diseases such as mucositis, postoperative pain, trismus, and dry socket incidence after the third molar extraction. Aloe vera decreased the number of colony-forming units during scaling and root planning (SRP). Conclusions: Aloe vera mouthwash was just as effective as other commercial mouthwashes in reducing the severity of radiation-induced mucositis, periodontal disease, the amount of S. mutans, the number of colony-forming units during SRP, and other situations which required a mouth rinse for the acceleration of treatment.
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Sharma S, Sogi GM, Saini V, Chakraborty T, Sudan J. Effect of liquorice (root extract) mouth rinse on dental plaque and gingivitis - A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:51-57. [PMID: 35136317 PMCID: PMC8796775 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_517_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Around the world, an increasing number of people are turning towards nature by using the natural herbal products not only because they are inexpensive but also for better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with the human body and minimal side effects. This study assessed the effectiveness of liquorice (root extract) mouth rinse against dental plaque and gingivitis and compared it with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate mouth rinse. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, concurrent parallel randomized controlled clinical trial (CTRI/2016/09/007311) of four months duration was conducted. Forty-four volunteers who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups through the computer-generated random sequence. Based on in vitro minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration evaluations on periodontal pathogens, a concentration of 20% (w/v) of aqueous liquorice root extract mouth rinse was prepared. Both the groups were asked to rinse with their respective mouthwash twice daily for 15 days. Gingivitis was evaluated using gingival index (GI), and dental plaque was evaluated using the Turesky modification of the Quigely Hein Plaque Index (PI). The evaluation was carried out at day zero, 8th and 23rd (15 days after intervention). Intra- and intergroup comparisons of indices for both the arms were done using the paired sample t-test and unpaired t-test, respectively. Results: There was a statistically significant (P = 0.000) reduction in mean PI and GI scores for both the groups after a follow up of 15 days. The intergroup comparison of plaque and gingival index scores for both the mouth rinse groups came out to be statistically significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Both liquorice and CHX gluconate mouth rinse restricted plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Considering the established side effects of long-term use of chemical formulations, the herbal mouth rinse preparation can promise to be an effective self-care therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, MM (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Girish M Sogi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, MM (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Saini
- Vice Chancellor Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tulshi Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy (MM Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Jasneet Sudan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, MM (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
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Can Plant Materials Be Valuable in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? Practical Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122185. [PMID: 34959467 PMCID: PMC8705740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are one of the most significant challenges in dental health. It is estimated that only a few percent of the worldwide population have entirely healthy teeth, and according to WHO, oral diseases may affect up to 3.5 billion people worldwide. One of the most serious oral diseases is periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, caused by pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors such as the ageing population, abuse of tobacco products, and lack of adequate oral hygiene due low public awareness. Plant materials are widely and successfully used in the management of many conditions, including periodontitis. Plant materials for periodontitis exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and affect the periodontium structure. Numerous studies demonstrate the advantages of phytotherapy for periodontitis relief and indicate the usefulness of Baikal skullcap root, Pomegranate fruit peel and root cortex, Tea leaves, Chamomile flowers, Magnolia bark, Blackberry leaves and fruits, Cranberry fruits and Lippia sidoides essential oil. This review aims to analyze the use and applicability of selected plant materials in periodontitis management since it is of paramount importance to evaluate the evidence of the traditionally used plant materials in light of continuously growing interest in phytotherapy and its adjuvant role in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Karbasizade S, Ghorbani F, Ghasemi Darestani N, Mansouri-Tehrani MM, Kazemi AH. Comparison of therapeutic effects of statins and aloe vera mouthwash on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 13:110-116. [PMID: 34540131 PMCID: PMC8446774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy induced oral mucositis is a common problem among patients with cancer. Different therapeutic agents have been evaluated to prevent or treat the disease. Here we aimed to compare therapeutic effects of atorvastatin and aloe vera mouthwash on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. METHODS 120 patients with large intestine and gastric cancer who were treated with 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX4) for the first time were entered and randomized into 3 groups. Group 1 received tablets of atorvastatin 10 mg daily until 2 weeks after chemotherapy sessions plus placebo mouthwash. Group 2 received aloe vera mouthwash plus placebo tablets and group 3 received placebo mouthwash and placebo tablets until 2 weeks after chemotherapy sessions. Severity of mucositis was assessed using world health organization (WHO) indexes. Based on this method, mucositis is divided into 4 grades. This study was approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the code of: IRCT20201203049585N1 (https://fa.irct.ir/trial/54037). RESULTS Analysis of the incidence of mucositis among patients showed that in placebo group, 50% of patients experienced grade 2 to 4 mucositis. In group 1, 9 patients (22.5%) had grade 2 mucositis and 6 patients (15%) had grade 3 mucositis and 4 patients (10%) had grade 4 mucositis. In group 2, only 1 patient (2.5%) was diagnosed with grade 2 mucositis. These data showed no significant differences between group 1 and group 3 (P=0.674), but the therapeutic results of group 2 were significantly better than those of group 3 (P=0.042) and group 1 (P=0.036). CONCLUSION We showed that treatments with aloe vera mouthwash could be an effective choice in prevention of mucositis for patients undergoing chemotherapy. There are also much to discover about effects of aloe vera mouthwash on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setare Karbasizade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Amir Hooman Kazemi
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehran, Iran
- International School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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Yaseen SN, Qasim AA, Al-Khatib AR. The effect of different mouth washes and text messages reminder in the oral health of orthodontic patients. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different mouth washes and to study the effect of text message reminder on the oral health status of orthodontic patients treated with fixed appliances. Methods: This study was a clinical trial with pre-test and post-test control group design, conducted on 24 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment aged 15-30 years. The patients randomly divided into two groups; one received a weekly telephone text massage reminder for the instructions of brushing and rinsing while the second group did not receive any messages. Ortho-plaque index and gingival index were used to evaluate the patient’s oral hygiene status. The reading indices after brushing only were regarded as a control, then the patients were instructed to use two mouth washes, one containing sodium fluoride with cetylpyridinium chloride, the second containing chlorhexidine digluconate with cetylpyridinium chloride and Aloe Vera. Each one was used routinely for 4 weeks with the same amount and method. The washout period between the two types mouth washes was 4 weeks with a standardized toothbrush and paste. Results: Ortho-plaque index values decreased over the time between first, second and third visits. However, this index raised up at the fourth visit and again dropdown at the fifth visit. Similar results were detected for gingival index. Also, significant interaction between messages and the assessments was recorded for gingival index with a significant difference between the group of text messages and without text messages group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the combination of sodium fluoride with cetylpyridinium chloride was more potent for plaque control, while chlorhexidine digluconate with cetylpyridinium chloride and Aloe Vera combination showed a better gingival improvement. Moreover, the text messages reminder could enhance, but not replace direct oral hygiene instruction in orthodontic patients.
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8
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Penmetsa GS, B V, Bhupathi AP, Rani P S, B V S, M V R. Comparative Evaluation of Triphala, Aloe vera, and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 10:333-337. [PMID: 32308299 PMCID: PMC7145231 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_583_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two herbal mouthwashes in comparison with Chlorhexidine mouthwash on gingivitis. Materials and Methods: This is a triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, where in 60 patients were randomly allocated into three study groups: Triphala mouthwash (Group A), Aloe vera mouthwash (Group B), and Chlorhexidine mouthwash (Group C). All groups were treated with scaling and asked to rinse with respective mouthwashes twice daily for 1 month. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding index (BI) were recorded at baseline, 15 days, and 30 days, respectively. Results: Our results suggested that Triphala group effectively demonstrated a higher reduction in GI and BI index scores compared to A. vera group (P ≤ 0.005) and the effect is equivocal to the reduction seen with Chlorhexidine group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mouthwashes in reduction of PI scores (P > 0.005). Conclusion: The results of our study evidenced Triphala to be superior in the reduction of plaque, gingival inflammation, and bleeding compared to that of A. vera. However, the results of our study also indicated that Triphala was as effective as chlorhexidine mouthwash in its ability in reducing plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bleeding. Furthermore, Triphala is relatively free of side effects compared to that of chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautami S Penmetsa
- Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek B
- Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Arun P Bhupathi
- Department of Nano Technology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sudha Rani P
- Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Subbareddy B V
- Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh M V
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061324. [PMID: 32183224 PMCID: PMC7144722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Research on this medicinal plant has been aimed at validating traditional uses and deepening the mechanism of action, identifying the compounds responsible for these activities. The most investigated active compounds are aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan. Likewise, new actions have been investigated for Aloe vera and its active compounds. This review provides an overview of current pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials), written in English during the last six years (2014–2019). In particular, new pharmacological data research has shown that most studies refer to anti-cancer action, skin and digestive protective activity, and antimicrobial properties. Most recent works are in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials have been conducted just with Aloe vera, but not with isolated compounds; therefore, it would be interesting to study the clinical effect of relevant metabolites in different human conditions and pathologies. The promising results of these studies in basic research encourage a greater number of clinical trials to test the clinical application of Aloe vera and its main compounds, particularly on bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.
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Janakiram C, Venkitachalam R, Fontelo P, Iafolla TJ, Dye BA. Effectiveness of herbal oral care products in reducing dental plaque & gingivitis - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:43. [PMID: 32046707 PMCID: PMC7076867 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the large number of trials conducted using herbal oral care products for the reduction of dental plaque or gingivitis, results are conflicting and inconclusive. Objective To assess the effectiveness of herbal oral care products compared to conventional products in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis adults. Methods We searched the following databases for Randomised controlled trials (RCTs): MEDLINE Ovid, EMBASE Ovid etc. which yielded 493 trails. Of which 24 RCTs comparing herbal toothpaste or mouth rinse with over the counter toothpaste or mouth rinse in adults aged 18 to 65 years were included. Two authors extracted information and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using Risk of Bias. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were conducted for four outcomes for tooth paste and mouth rinse respectively. Mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to estimate the effect, with 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 1597 adults participated in 24 RCT studies. These were classified as herbal toothpaste (HTP) (15 trials, 899 participants) and herbal mouth rinse (HMR) (9 trials, 698 participants) compared with non-herbal toothpaste (NHTP) or non-herbal mouth rinse (NHMR). We found that HTP was superior over NHTP (SMD 1.95, 95% CI (0.97–2.93)) in plaque reduction. The long-term use of NHMR was superior in reduction of dental plaque over HMR (SMD -2.61, 95% (CI 4.42–0.80)). From subgroup analysis it showed that HTP was not superior over fluoride toothpaste (SMD 0.99, 95% CI (0.14–2.13)) in reducing dental plaque. However, HTP was favoured over non-fluoride toothpaste (SMD 4.64, 95% CI (2.23–7.05)). Conclusion For short-term reduction in dental plaque, current evidence suggests that HTP is as effective as compared to NHTP; however, evidence is from low quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Janakiram
- National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, 31 Center Drive, Suite 4B62, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2190, USA
| | - Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Paul Fontelo
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8500 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Timothy J Iafolla
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2190, USA
| | - Bruce A Dye
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2190, USA.
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Paul B, Baiju RMP, Raseena NB, Godfrey PS, Shanimole PI. Effect of aloe vera as a preprocedural rinse in reducing aerosol contamination during ultrasonic scaling. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019; 24:37-41. [PMID: 31983843 PMCID: PMC6961450 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_188_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of preprocedural mouth rinse is one of the recommended ways to reduce aerosol contamination during ultrasonic scaling. Different agents have been tried as preprocedural mouth rinse. Chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine significantly reduce the viable microbial content of aerosol when used as a preprocedural rinse. Studies have shown that aloe vera (AV) mouthwash is equally effective as chlorhexidine in reducing plaque and gingivitis. There is no published literature on the role of AV as a preprocedural mouth rinse. Hence, this study compared the effect of 94.5% AV to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) as preprocedural mouth rinses in reducing the aerosol contamination by ultrasonic scaling. Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects were divided into three groups based on the preprocedural rinse use (0.2% CHX, 1% PVP-I, and 94.5% AV). Ultrasonic scaling was done for 20 min in the same closed operatory for all the subjects after keeping blood agar plates open at two standardized locations. Colony forming units (CFUs) on blood agar plates were counted, and predominant bacteria were identified after incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the CFU counts between CHX group and PVP-I group and between AV group and PVP-I group. There was no difference between CHX group and AV group at both the locations. Conclusion: 94.5% AV as a preprocedural rinse is better than 1% PVP-I and comparable to 0.2% CHX in reducing CFU count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benna Paul
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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The Effect of Zufa Versus Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwashes on Oral Flora of Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.89639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Penmetsa GS, Pitta SR. Efficacy of Ocimum sanctum, Aloe vera and chlorhexidine mouthwash on gingivitis: A randomized controlled comparative clinical study. Ayu 2019; 40:23-26. [PMID: 31831965 PMCID: PMC6891998 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_212_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The medicinal plants are widely used for curing various diseases in day-to-day practice. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) is one such popular herb in Ayurvedic medicine, which is widely used in the treatment of several systemic diseases because of its antimicrobial property. Aloe vera is also widely known for its medicinal uses in wound healing and its anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies documenting the effect of O. sanctum and A. vera in treating gingivitis are rare. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two herbal mouthwashes in comparison with chlorhexidine mouthwash on gingivitis. Materials and Methods A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, wherein sixty patients were randomly allocated into three study groups. (1) O. sanctum mouthwash (n = 20) (2) A. vera mouthwash (n = 20) and (3) Chlorhexidine mouthwash (n = 20). All groups were treated with scaling and asked to rinse with respective mouthwashes twice daily for 1 month. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and sulcus bleeding index (BI) were recorded at baseline, after 15 days and after 30 days, respectively. Results Results of the study showed that O. sanctum, A. vera and chlorhexidine are equally effective in reducing plaque, gingival, and bleeding indices at 30-day interval. However, no significant reductions in PI, GI and BI in 15-day interval in group 1 and group 2 when compared with chlorhexidine were evident. Conclusion The results in the present study indicate that O. sanctum and A. vera may prove to be as effective as chlorhexidine mouthwash in its ability in reducing all the three indices by reducing plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation and bleeding when used in the long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautami S Penmetsa
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sudha Rani Pitta
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Arunachalam LT, Sudhakar U, Vasanth J, Khumukchum S, Selvam VV. Comparison of anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effect of curcumin and chlorhexidine mouth rinse in the treatment of gingivitis: A clinical and biochemical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 21:478-483. [PMID: 29551867 PMCID: PMC5846245 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_116_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate and compare the effect of curcumin (CMN) mouth rinse with chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinse on clinical parameters and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) levels in participants with chronic gingivitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty plaque-induced generalized chronic gingivitis participants were randomly assigned to three groups – Group I (control/saline), Group II (CHX), and Group III (CMN), respectively. Baseline plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and salivary ROM were estimated, and oral prophylaxis was done. The parameters were recorded and evaluated again at the end of 4 weeks. Results: Overall, the three groups have shown a significant reduction in PI, GI, and ROM levels at the end of 4 weeks. However, on intragroup comparison, only CMN group have shown significant reduction in ROM levels at the end of 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CMN mouth rinse can be considered as an alternative antigingivitis agent to CHX because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Sudhakar
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Johney Vasanth
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sophia Khumukchum
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varsha Vardhini Selvam
- Department of Periodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cruz Martínez C, Diaz Gómez M, Oh MS. Use of traditional herbal medicine as an alternative in dental treatment in Mexican dentistry: a review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1992-1998. [PMID: 28738710 PMCID: PMC6130662 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1347188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Herbal therapies are used worldwide to treat health conditions. In Mexico, generations have used them to treat gingivitis, periodontitis, mouth infections, and discoloured teeth. However, few studies have collected scientific evidence on their effects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at searching and compiling scientific evidence of alternative oral and dental treatments using medicinal herbs from Mexico. METHODS We collected various Mexican medicinal plants used in the dental treatment from the database of the Institute of Biology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. To correlate with existing scientific evidence, we used the PubMed database with the key term '(scientific name) and (oral or dental)'. RESULTS Mexico has various medical herbs with antibacterial and antimicrobial properties, according to ancestral medicinal books and healers. Despite a paucity of experimental research demonstrating the antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antiplaque effects of these Mexican plants, they could still be useful as an alternative treatment of several periodontal diseases or as anticariogenic agents. However, the number of studies supporting their uses and effects remains insufficient. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It is important for the health of consumers to scientifically demonstrate the real effects of natural medicine, as well as clarify and establish their possible therapeutic applications. Through this bibliographical revision, we found papers that testify or refute their ancestral uses, and conclude that the use of plants to treat oral conditions or to add to the dental pharmacological arsenal should be based on experimental studies verifying their suitability for dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Cruz Martínez
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Martha Diaz Gómez
- Deparment of History, College of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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