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Monteiro L, Mariano LC, Warnakulasuriya S. Podoplanin could be a predictive biomarker of the risk of patients with oral leukoplakia to develop oral cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:207-215. [PMID: 36103586 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the existing literature on the utility of podoplanin to predict the risk of malignancy development (MD) in patients previously diagnosed with oral leukoplakia (OL). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was performed though a search strategy using several electronic databases and a combination of keywords related to podoplanin and MD of OL, until 15 May, 2022 (PROSPERO CRD42022329326). Evaluation of the risk of bias (ROB) was performed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies Tool. The meta-analyses were estimated using fixed-effect models. RESULTS From 421 articles, 6 studies were finally included, that enrolled 546 patients with OL, of whom 125 presented with an oral cancer during follow-up (32 to 90 months). Some limitations regarding the ROB were identified mostly related to small sample sizes, short follow-up times, lack of information on covariables in the included studies and lack of accuracy (including sensitivity and specificity). Meta-analysis of 6 studies reveal that high expression of podoplanin carries a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 3.72 (95% CI, 2.40-5.76; p < 0.00001) for MD without statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.53). CONCLUSION The results of this SRMA support the role of podoplanin immunohistochemical expression as a potential predictive biomarker to assess the risk of malignancy development in oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Monteiro
- Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- UNIPRO, Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Lorena C Mariano
- UNIPRO, Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
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Guruprasad Y, Singhal P, Gupta N, Kukreja BJ, Gupta B, Kukreja P, Makkad RS, Mehta DN. Evaluation of immuno-histochemical markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioinformation 2023; 19:1399-1404. [PMID: 38415034 PMCID: PMC10895524 DOI: 10.6026/973206300191399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of immuno-histochemical (IHC) markers like p53, p63, PDPN, C-erb-B2, CK19, and VEGF in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs) is of interest to dentists. Sixty formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from the Department of Oral Pathology, New Horizon Dental College and Research, Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. The conventional IHC method was used to assess the expression of p53, p63, PDPN, C- erb-B2, CK19 and VEGF using the different antibodies. Data shows that P53, p63 had high values of labeling index (LI) of staining while PDPN, C-erb-B2 had low values of LI of staining. The values of LI of staining for CK19, and VEGF were in between the two types of IHCs. Combining the analysis of multiple IHC markers for OSCC can yield precise cancer diagnosis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadavalli Guruprasad
- Department of Dentistry, Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Sciences, VIMS Campus, Cantonment, Ballari - 583104, India
| | - Priya Singhal
- Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Bhavna Jha Kukreja
- Periodontology Preventive Dental sciences Department College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman UAE
| | - Bharti Gupta
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Kukreja
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al Baha University, Al Aqiq Campus, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramanpal Singh Makkad
- Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research, Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Dhaval Niranjan Mehta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Narsinbhai Patel Dental college and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Srinivasan V, Shyam N, Kumar GK, Narayen V, Konda P, Swetha Rani K. A Comparison of Podoplanin Expression in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38467. [PMID: 37273383 PMCID: PMC10238285 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 90% to 95% of all malignancies of the oral cavity.The majority of OSCCs are preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Podoplanin (PDPN) is a mucin-like small transmembrane glycoprotein. Alterations in PDPN immunoexpression have been reported in OPMDs and OSCCs. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of PDPN immunoexpression in oral leukoplakia (OL) and different histological grades of OSCC and to assess the role of PDPN as a potential biomarker for predicting the risk of malignant transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Immunohistochemical analysis for PDPN was performed in 45 histologically confirmed cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of different grades of OSCCs and 15 cases of OLs with 15 cases of the normal oral mucosa (NOM) as controls. The expression and distribution of this marker were analyzed in these lesions. RESULTS The immunoexpression of PDPN showed a significant increase in the expression of the percentage of positive cells, staining intensity, location of staining in the epithelium, tumor islands, and within the cells, as well as the mean lymphatic micro vessel density between NOMs, OLs, and different grades of OSCCs. CONCLUSION Upregulation of PDPN can be related to the malignant transformation of OLs and biological aggressiveness of OSCCs. The enhanced immunoexpression of PDPN signifies that this immunomarker can have a role in tumor cell differentiation and the neoplastic progression of OSCCs. Increased density of lymphatic vessels suggested an important role of lymphangiogenesis in tumor progression and also as a prognostic factor for lymph nodal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Ndvn Shyam
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - G Kiran Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Vaishali Narayen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Paremala Konda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Korra Swetha Rani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
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de Assis EM, Rodrigues M, Vieira JC, Pascoaloti MIM, Junior HM, Souto GR, Souza PEA, Horta MCR. Lymphatic Vascular Density, the Expression of Podoplanin and Tumor Budding in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2022:10.1007/s12105-022-01511-z. [PMID: 36480090 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notwithstanding recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) management, its mortality rate is still high. It is imperative to investigate new parameters that are complementary to clinical staging for OSCC to provide better prognostic insight. The presence of isolated neoplastic cells or small clusters of up to four cells at the tumor's invasive front, called tumor budding, is a morphological marker of OSCC with prognostic value. Increased lymphatic vascular density (LVD) and a high expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells have also been associated with worse prognosis in OSCC. To investigate these markers in OSCC, we evaluated differences in LVD and the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells between tumors with high-intensity tumor budding versus low-intensity or no tumor budding. In the samples of high-intensity budding, differences in those parameters between the budding area and the area outside the budding were also evaluated. Furthermore, the study assessed differences in LVD and in the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells concerning OSCC clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS To those ends, we subjected 150 samples of OSCC to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the intensity of tumor budding (via multi-cytokeratin immunostaining). Moreover, the 150 samples of OSCC and 15 specimens of normal oral mucosa (used as a control) were employed to assess LVD and the expression of podoplanin (in neoplastic cells of OSCC and in the lining epithelium of normal oral mucosa), both via podoplanin immunostaining. Data were processed into descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS No differences were observed neither in the LVD nor in the expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells concerning sex, age, tobacco smoking, tumor location and tumor size. The LVD was greater in OSCC and in tumors with high-intensity budding than in normal mucosa but did not differ between normal mucosa and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. The data analyses also revealed that LVD was greater in tumors with high-intensity tumor budding than in tumors with low-intensity or no budding and showed no difference in LVD between the budding area and the area outside the budding. When compared to the lining epithelium of the normal mucosa, the expression of podoplanin was greater in neoplastic cells of OSCC, tumors with high-intensity budding and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. The expression of podoplanin in neoplastic cells was also greater in tumors with high-intensity budding and, within those tumors, greater in the budding area than in the area outside de budding. CONCLUSION Those findings support the hypothesis that tumor budding is a biological phenomenon associated with the progression and biological behavior of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliene Magda de Assis
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Faculdade Pitágoras de Ipatinga, Ipatinga, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara Rodrigues
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Campos Vieira
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Mantuani Pascoaloti
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio Marangon Junior
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas (UNIPAM), Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ribeiro Souto
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Odontologia - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar 500, Prédio 46, Sala 101, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 30535-901, Brasil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Alencar Souza
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Odontologia - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar 500, Prédio 46, Sala 101, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 30535-901, Brasil
| | - Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta
- Oral Pathology Section and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Departamento de Odontologia - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar 500, Prédio 46, Sala 101, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 30535-901, Brasil.
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Ramos-Vega V, Venegas Rojas B, Donoso Torres W. Immunohistochemical analysis of cancer-associated fibroblasts and podoplanin in head and neck cancer. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e268-e276. [PMID: 31967978 PMCID: PMC7103444 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To immunohistochemically evaluate the association between the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the tumour expression of podoplanin (PDPN) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their association with clinicopathological variables.
Material and Methods A tissue microarray (TMA) with biopsy sections from patients diagnosed with HNSCC was stained with antibodies against the CAFs marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and PDPN. We subsequently evaluated their expression to determine the association between them and with clinicopathological variables including age, primary tumour site, TNM stage, and tumour differentiation grade.
Results Positive reaction to α-SMA was observed in the tumour stroma, revealing spindle-shaped cells compatible with CAFs, which showed a high expression in 62% of cases and a significant association with laryngeal carcinomas, advanced clinical stages, and lower tumour differentiation (P ≤ 0.05). PDPN staining on tumour cells showed low expression in 72% of cases, and it was not associated with any clinicopathological variable or with the presence of CAFs.
Conclusions The presence of CAFs in the tumour stroma is related to an aggressive phenotype and could increase as the disease progresses, although based on our findings, it would have no relationship, at least directly, with the expression of PDPN. Key words:Cancer-associated fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, head and neck neoplasms, podoplanin, immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramos-Vega
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences University of Talca Lircay Avenue w/n, Talca, Chile
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Lou J, Liu L, Zhang W, Zhou Z, Fan Y. Differential expression of ghrelin and GHSR via the mTOR pathway during the dynamic carcinogenic process involving oral, potentially malignant disorders. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20192102. [PMID: 31750884 PMCID: PMC6923334 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to explore the sequence changes in ghrelin and GHSR in the mTOR signaling pathway during carcinogenesis involving oral, potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). The samples were confirmed through in vivo pathologic tissue screening and diagnosis. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) protein. The expression of ghrelin, GHSR 1α, GHSR 1β, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) RNA were detected by real-time PCR. The expression of ghrelin, GHSR, mTOR, and phosphorylated mTOR (phosphor-mTOR) protein were detected by Western blot. The expression of ghrelin/GHSR increased gradually in the dynamic process of OPMD carcinogenesis. There was a correlation between the increase in ghrelin, GHSR, mTOR, and phospho-mTOR. The in vivo expression of ghrelin/GHSR protein was the most apparent pathologic change from normal-to-mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia, and finally to the dynamic process from normal-to-mild-to-moderate dysplasia. The in vitro cell experiments based on QPCR results also proved that GHSR 1a functional receptor of ghrelin had a peak expression in LEUK-1 cells. In conclusioin, the close relationship between ghrelin and OPMD carcinogenesis can be used as a new biological target to assess the carcinogenesis of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Lou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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