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Almulhim KS, AlSheikh R, Abdalla M, Haridy R, Bugshan A, Smith S, Zeeshan M, Elgezawi M. Toward esthetically and biomechanically reliable anterior resin composite restorations: Current clinical experiences among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia. F1000Res 2023; 12:359. [PMID: 37811197 PMCID: PMC10556563 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130981.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Esthetic anterior composite restorations are very challenging. They constitute a main part of the clinical practice of restoring teeth with resin composites. Distinctive variations in composite material selection and technique of application in anterior teeth exist when compared to the practice of restoring posterior teeth with resin composites. In a continuation of a previous assessment of class II resin composite practice, a cross-sectional survey study was performed to determine the awareness of general dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia about resin composite restorations in anterior teeth and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve their practice. Methods: A total of 500 dental practitioners from different provinces in Saudi Arabia were invited to participate in an online questionnaire which comprised four domains and included a total of sixteen questions addressing aspects regarding the selection of resin composites, cavity configuration, etching protocol, light-curing technique, liner application, application of poly-chromatic composite, as well as finishing and polishing procedures. Chi square testing and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the attained data. Results: From 250 respondents, the greatest participation was from the Eastern and Middle provinces of Saudi Arabia. Female dentists participated less than males. There was no general agreement between participants regarding the resin composite material or the employed technique of application in restoring anterior tooth defects. Respondents indicated that discoloration and hypersensitivity were the most common reasons for patient's dissatisfaction with resin composites in anterior teeth. Conclusions: Dental practitioners are highly encouraged to improve their clinical practice of restoring anterior teeth using resin composites with the focus upon continuous education programs, online webinars, and workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S. Almulhim
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha AlSheikh
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen Abdalla
- Substitutive Dental sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Haridy
- Clinical Dental sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Bugshan
- Biomedical dental sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen Smith
- Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Medical Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dmmam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Elgezawi
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, 1982, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of Additional Dry Heat Curing on Microflexural Strength in Three Types of Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Additional dry heat curing is a method that favorably influences the mechanical properties of an indirect resin composite restoration. Microflexural strength is a property currently applied for the evaluation of indirect resin composite restorations. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of additional dry heat curing on microflexural strength in three types of direct-use resin composites. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study consisted of 70 resin composites samples made with a 6 × 2 × 1 mm metal matrix and divided into seven experimental groups, which included Gr1a: Tetric N-Ceram without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr1b: Tetric N-Ceram with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr 2a: Filtek Z350 XT without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr2b: Filtek Z350 XT with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr3a: Filtek Z250 without additional dry heat curing (n = 10); Gr3b: Filtek Z250 with additional dry heat curing (n = 10); and Gr4: SR Nexco Paste (control) without additional dry heat curing (n = 10). The samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. A universal testing machine with a 2000 N load cell at a speed of 1 mm/min was used to assess flexural strength. The data were analyzed with a parametric ANOVA test with Tukey’s post hoc intergroup factor (for groups without heat treatment) and a nonparametric Kruskall Wallis test with Bonferroni’s post hoc (for groups with heat treatment). In addition, the comparison of independent groups in each resin composite type with and without heat treatment was performed with a Mann Whitney U test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered. Results: The Filtek Z250 resin composite with and without additional dry heat curing presented the highest microflexural strength values with 137.27 ± 24.43 MPa and 121.32 ± 9.74 MPa, respectively, while the SR Nexco Paste (control) resin composite presented the lowest microflexural strength values with 86.06 ± 14.34 MPa compared to all the resin composites with additional dry heat curing. The Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350XT resin composites with and without additional dry heat curing presented significantly higher microflexural strength versus the SR Nexco (p < 0.05) and Tetric N-Ceram (p < 0.05) resin composites. In addition, the Filtek Z350XT and Tetric N-Ceram resin composites with additional dry heat curing showed significantly higher microflexural strength (p < 0.05) compared to those without additional dry heat curing. Conclusions: The Filtek Z250 and Z350XT resin composites had significantly higher microflexural strength values with and without additional dry heat curing. In addition, the Filtek Z350XT and Tetric N-Ceram resin composites subjected to additional dry heat curing showed significantly higher microflexural strength compared to when they did not receive the same procedure, a situation that did not occur with the Filtek Z250 resin composite.
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Haralur SB, Alasmari TA, Alasmari MH, Hakami HM. Light Transmission of Various Aesthetic Posts at Different Depths and Its Effect on Push-Out Bond Strength, Microhardness of Luting Cement. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58010075. [PMID: 35056383 PMCID: PMC8780944 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One requirement for the cemented post is the light transmittance on its entire length up to the deepest portion of a root canal to ensure the complete polymerization of resin cement. This study aimed to determine the light transmission ability in different aesthetic posts at different depths and its effect on the push-out bond strength and microhardness of luting cement at the corresponding interface. Materials and Methods: Twenty endodontic posts from glass fiber posts (GFP), zirconia ceramic posts (ZCP), and highly translucent zirconium oxide posts (HTZP) were sequentially sectioned into 12.8 and 4 mm lengths after recording the light intensity using a dental radiometer. Sixty single rooted premolar teeth root canals were treated and implanted vertically in a resin block. The post space was prepared and cemented with GFP, ZCP, and HTZP posts with twenty samples each. The root portion of teeth samples were sectioned into cervical, middle, and apical portion. A universal testing machine was utilized for the push-out bond strength test for the first ten samples from each group. The remaining ten samples from each group were used for the microhardness test using a micro-indenter instrument. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way Analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests at p < 0.05. Results: The GFP endodontic postpresented with significant highest light translucency compared to HTZP, which was significantly higher than ZCP. GFP posts showed significantly higher bond strength per unit area compared to ZCP at analogous cross sections. The hardness of luting cement was also significantly higher amongst all tested endodontic posts. Conclusions: GFP high light translucency enhanced the curing of the luting resin cement that resulted in harder cement and a stronger bond supported by hardness and push-out tests. These findings suggest that GFP is preferred to be used with light-cured luting cements for restoration of endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh B. Haralur
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-6555-835386
| | - Turki Abdullah Alasmari
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Mohammed Hussin Alasmari
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Hafiz Mohammed Hakami
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (M.H.A.); (H.M.H.)
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Peng SY, Wang YY, Lan TH, Lin LC, Yuan SSF, Tang JY, Chang HW. Low Dose Combined Treatment with Ultraviolet-C and Withaferin a Enhances Selective Killing of Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111120. [PMID: 33202766 PMCID: PMC7697686 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), a Withania somnifera-derived triterpenoid, is an anticancer natural product. The anticancer effect of nonionizing radiation such as ultraviolet-C (UVC) as well as the combined treatment of UVC and WFA is rarely investigated. Low dose UVC and/or WFA treatments (12 J/m2 and/or 1 μM) were chosen to evaluate antioral cancer cell line effects by examining cytotoxicity, cell cycle disruption, apoptosis induction, and DNA damage. For two cancer cell lines (Ca9-22 and HSC-3), single treatment (UVC or WFA) showed about 80% viability, while a combined treatment of UVC/WFA showed about 40% viability. In contrast, there was noncytotoxicity to normal oral cell lines (HGF-1). Compared to single treatment and control, low dose UVC/WFA shows high inductions of apoptosis in terms of flow cytometric detections for subG1, annexin V, pancaspase changes as well as Western blotting for detecting cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP) and caspase 3 (c-Cas 3) and luciferase assay for detecting Cas 3/7 activity. Low dose UVC/WFA also showed high inductions of oxidative stress and DNA damage in terms of flow cytometric detections of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) generation, and membrane potential (MitoMP) destruction, γH2AX and 8-oxo-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) types of DNA damages. For comparison, low dose UVC/WFA show rare inductions of annexin V, Cas 3/7 activity, ROS, MitoSOX, and MitoMP changes to normal oral HGF-1 cells. Therefore, low dose UVC/WFA provides a novel selectively killing mechanism to oral cancer cells, suggesting that WFA is a UVC sensitizer to inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsun Lan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.)
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Sarmiento-Cornejo J, Mackenney-Palamara M. Evaluation of intensity standards of tungsten-halogen and led curing units. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2019.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that the minimum light intensity of photo curing units required to polymerize in a reliable way a composite resin, in increments of 2mm, is 300mW/cm2. The recent introduction of new generations of composite resin materials for large volume increments, partially contrasts with ISO 4049 (2009), calling for the use of light intensity of 1,000mW/cm2. Therefore, it is considered relevant to carry out periodic measurements of the emission intensity of light-curing units of clinical use. The aim of this study was to test the intensity [mW/cm2] of a representative sample of tungsten-halogen and LED photopolymerization units used in private and public health service in different areas of the Valparaíso Region in Chile. This was achieved through the use of dental radiometers, without considering the variables of intensity modification over time (either spontaneously, by undesirable inherent characteristics of the device, or by programs of intensity modification in time), or the density of accumulated power needed. This in vitro diagnostic test, evaluated a sample of 507 units, 107 halogen and 400 LED, for a period of around one month, using two radiometers as measuring instruments. For LED units the Bluephase Meter® radiometer, from Ivoclar-VivadentTM was used, and for halogen units we used the Coltolux® from ColténeTM. As a result, 85% of the LED and halogen units achieved the minimum requirements of intensity needed for the polymerization of conventional dental biomaterials. However, only 25% from the tested units achieved a power density of 1,000mW/cm2.
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Alasiri RA, Algarni HA, Alasiri RA. Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:173-180. [PMID: 30983826 PMCID: PMC6445451 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the literature and summarize studies that describe the potential ocular hazards that are posed by different systems of light curing units mainly used in the dental clinics, to ensure the safety of the operator, patient and the auxiliary staff in the dental clinic. Methods This systematic review was reported and conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The online databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used for data search. MeSH terms were used for PubMed search. Randomized controlled clinical trials, original studies and in-vitro studies conducted up to 2018 in English language were included in the review. Eight articles were included in the study after application of eligibility criteria, all of which were in accordance to the review protocol. Results The total wavelength dose received can cause Ocular damage which suggest that light intensity is correlated to the duration required to cause a certain level of damage, and we can substitute the long light exposure by using of a lower intensity light. Conclusion This review concludes that blue light poses maximum risk to cause retinal degeneration based on the evaluated studies. Most of the studies recommend the use of protective eyewear in order to limit exposure of the patient, operator and assistant to the LCUs. It is not advisable to stare directly into the light source and the recommended safe exposure times and distances for patient, operator and assistant must be strictly adhered to in the dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reem A. Alasiri
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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