Evaluation of shear bond strength of zirconia to composite resin using different adhesive systems

Different surface treatments and adhesive monomers for zirconia-resin bonds: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

This review examined the efficacy of surface treatments and adhesive monomers for enhancing zirconia-resin bond strength. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library yielded relevant in vitro studies. Employing pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses, 77 articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Gas plasma was found to be ineffective, while treatments including air abrasion, silica coating, laser, selective infiltration etching, hot etching showed varied effectiveness. Air abrasion with finer particles (25-53 µm) showed higher immediate bond strength than larger particles (110-150 µm), with no significant difference post-aging. The Rocatec silica coating system outperformed the CoJet system in both immediate and long-term bond strength. Adhesives containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) were superior to other acidic monomers. The application of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and silane did not improve bonding performance. Notably, 91.2 % of bonds weakened after aging, but this effect was less pronounced with air abrasion or silica coating. The findings highlight the effectiveness of air abrasion, silica coating, selective infiltration etching, hot etching, and laser treatment in improving bond strength, with 10-MDP in bonding agents enhancing zirconia bonding efficacy.

Composite Resin Bond Strength to Zirconia and Base Metal Alloys Using Two Types of Intraoral Porcelain Repair Systems

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of two repair composites (Crea.lign vs. PermaFlo) to a base metal alloy and zirconia ceramic. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four discs (12mm diameter, 1mm thickness) were fabricated using Wirobond base metal alloy and zirconia. They were then bonded with their respective composite resins (N=16) in each of the two porcelain chipping repair kit subgroups consisting of PermaFlo and Crea.lign. All specimens were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours. Half of them were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles (5-55°C, 30s). All specimens were tested for SBS with a universal testing machine. Failure types were analyzed using a digital camera. Analysis of the data was done by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: SBS was significantly affected by the type of composite resin. PermaFlo had a significantly higher SBS than Crea.lign to base metal alloy (P<0.001) and zirconia ceramic (P<0.001). Thermocycling decreased the SBS of both composites to base metal alloy (P<0.001) and zirconia (P<0.001). Conclusion: A universal adhesive could provide higher shear bond strength of zirconia and base metal alloy to composite resin than Crea.lign composite and the MKZ primer supplied by its manufacturer.

The Effect of Multiple Applications of Phosphate-Containing Primer on Shear Bond Strength between Zirconia and Resin Composite

Occasional chipping can still occur with zirconia material despite its high strength. Emergency repairs can be accomplished using zirconia primer, adhesive agent, and resin composite when the fracture of zirconia exposes the zirconia framework. Phosphate-containing primers play an important role in zirconia surface treatment. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of multiple applications of phosphate-containing primer on shear bond strength between zirconia and resin composite. In this case, 78 zirconia discs were sandblasted by alumina particles; the zirconia was then randomized into six groups for single application and multiple applications of phosphate-containing primer according follows; group 1: no application, group 2: one application, group 3: two applications, group 4: three applications, group 5: four applications, and group 6: five applications. Adhesive was applied on the zirconia surface and the resin composite was bonded. Shear bond strength was assessed using a universal testing machine. The de-bonded surface was examined using a stereomicroscope. The shear bond strengths were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni. Group 1 had the lowest shear bond strength with a significant difference compared to groups 2–6, whereas group 4 had the highest shear bond strength, with no significant difference compared to groups 5–6. The failure mode revealed 100% adhesive failure in all groups. In conclusion, to maximize shear bond strength at zirconia and resin composite interfaces, sandblasted zirconia surfaces should be treated with three applications of phosphate-containing primer prior to the adhesive agent.

Cytotoxicity and Bonding Property of Bioinspired Nacre-like Ceramic-Polymer Composites

For clinical applications, non-cytotoxicity and good bonding property of dental restorative materials are the most essential and important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for clinical applications of two novel bioinspired nacre-like ceramic (yttria-stabilized zirconia)-polymer (polymethyl methacrylate) composites in terms of the cytotoxicity and bonding property. The relative growth rates (24 h) of the Lamellar and Brick-and-mortar composites measured by CCK8 were 102.93%±0.04 and 98.91%±0.03, respectively. According to the results of cytotoxicity and proliferation experiments, the two composites were not cytotoxic to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) in vitro. Both composites exhibited improved bonding strength as compared to the Control group (Vita In-Ceram YZ). As the polymer content in the composite material increases, its bonding strength also increases, which enhances the application potential of the material in the field of dental restoration. Meanwhile, by controlling the direction of loading force in the shear test, the effect of microstructure on the bonding strength of anisotropic composites was studied. After sandblasted, the bonding strengths of the Lamellar group in the longitudinal and transverse shear directions were 17.56±1.56 MPa and 18.67±1.92 MPa, respectively, while of the Brick-and-mortar group were 16.36±1.30 MPa and 16.99±1.67 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the loading direction had no significant effect on the bonding strength of the composites.

Bonding to zirconia: Effects of translucency and cusp inclinations using an experimental methodology

Purpose To investigate the effects of translucency and cusp inclination on the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of zirconia to self-adhesive resin cement (SARC).Methods Sixty U-shaped zirconia specimens with 1.0 mm thickness consisting of three planes (0°, 20°, and 30°) simulating different cusp inclinations were fabricated from zirconia blocks of high, moderate, and low translucency (n=20). SARC was bonded to the specimen and light-cured for 40 s. The µSBS was tested using a universal testing machine with a cross-head at a speed of 0.5 mm/min and fracture mode was observed using a stereomicroscope (×50). Two-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc Tukey's honest significant difference test was used for the statistical analyses (α=0.05).Results Varied µSBS values were found in the test groups (7.1-14.9 MPa). Within the zirconia of the same translucency, the µSBS value of the plane 0° specimen was significantly higher than that of the 20° and 30° planes (all p<0.05). Within the zirconia of the same cusp inclination, the µSBS value of highly translucent zirconia was significantly higher than that of moderate and low translucent zirconia (all p<0.05). There was no significant interaction between cusp inclination and translucency (p=0.525). Among the fracture modes, 83.33% were adhesive failure, 11.11% mixed failure, and 5.56% were cohesive failure.Conclusions Translucency and cusp inclination significantly affect the µSBS of zirconia to SARC. The higher the translucency, the greater are the µSBS values; the higher the cusp inclination, the lower are the µSBS values.

Comparison of the Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Zirconia and Composite Resin to Polyether Ether Ketone: An In Vitro Study

Aim:

The aim of the study was to compare the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and zirconia, and also to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 22 zirconia (Group 1) and 22 PEEK (Group 2) specimens (disks of 10 mm in diameter and 10 mm in thickness) were machine milled using computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) from commercially available zirconia and PEEK. These specimens were air abraded with 110-μm aluminum oxide. Following which these two groups were subdivided into four groups, that is, Group 1A: 11 zirconia specimens before thermocycling, Group 1B: 11 zirconia specimens after thermocycling, Group 2A: 11 PEEK specimens before thermocycling, and Group 2B: 11 PEEK specimens after thermocycling. These four groups of specimens were embedded in an acrylic block, and bonding agent was applied over the upper surfaces of the disks of each of these specimens. Composite resin was then cured, and then Group 1B and group 2B were thermocycled under a standard temperature. The bond strength of the specimen was tested using universal testing machine.

Result:

The result showed that there was no significant difference in shear bond strength between the groups, although higher shear bond strength was observed in the PEEK group.

Conclusion:

Shear bond strength of PEEK is similar to zirconia. The results suggest that the pretreatment method and primers used were effective in improving the bonding of resin cements to zirconia ceramic and the bonding properties of the veneering resin to the PEEK surface.

Effects of 10-MDP Based Primer on Shear Bond Strength between Zirconia and New Experimental Resin Cement

To date, numerous materials in the dental field are marketed to ensure stable adhesive cementation of zirconia ceramics (Y-TZP). The aims of this study were to assess the shear bond strength of the new experimental cement Surgi Dual Flo' Zr to Y-TZP compared to Panavia V5 cement, and to evaluate the effect of 10-MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) containing primer on their bond strength. Twenty composite cylinders and Y-TZP disks were adhesively luted and divided into four groups based on cement type used and application or not of 10-MDP. The groups (n = 5 each) were S 10MDP (Surgi Dual Flo' Zr with 10-MDP); S no 10MDP (Surgi Dual Flo' Zr without 10-MDP); P 10MDP (Panavia V5 with 10-MDP); P no 10MDP (Panavia V5 without 10-MDP). Maximum load resistance (ML) and shear bond strength (SBS) were tested and mode of failure qualitative documented via scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak method, and Bayesian analysis. ML and SBS were significantly higher in S 10MDP than in S no 10MDP; and in P 10MDP than in P no 10MDP (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between S 10MDP and P 10MDP; S no 10MDP and P no 10MDP (p > 0.05). Cohesive, adhesive, and mixed failure occurred among the groups. Bond strength between the experimental resin-based cement and Y-TZP was adequate for clinical application when 10-MDP was added. 10-MDP containing primer was effective improving the bond strength to Y-TZP more than the different type of resinous cement.