Remineralization potential of grape seed extract hydrogels on bleached enamel compared to fluoride gel: An in vitro study

Investigating the efficacy of a varnish containing gallic acid on remineralization of enamel lesions: an in vitro study

This study evaluated the efficacy of a formulated remineralizing gallic acid (GA) varnish in treating artificial enamel caries lesions. Fifty-five intact bovine incisors were collected. Enamel blocks (5 × 9 mm) were prepared. A third of each block's surface remained intact. Primary carious lesions were induced on the middle and bottom thirds of the blocks by immersing the samples in a demineralization solution for 6 h. The bottom third of the blocks were further remineralized by randomly applying 0.5%, 2%, or 8% GA varnishes and 2.26% fluoride varnish (V varnish, Vericom, Seoul, Korea), or the varnish base without active ingredients (n = 11 each). The specimens were immersed in a remineralizing solution for 4 h and then subjected to a 2-hour immersion in the demineralizing solution. After six days of pH cycling, the surface microhardness was measured at depths of 30, 75, and 120 μm. The percentage of surface microhardness recovery (SMHR%) was compared among the groups using the Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The SMHR% of all experimental groups was higher than the control group at 30 μm (p < 0.05). The 0.5% GA varnish showed the highest SMHR% at all depths; however, the difference with the other experimental groups was significant at a depth of 30 μm (p < 0.05). The SMHR% of the fluoride and the 2% and 8% GA varnishes was comparable at all depths. All treatments potentially remineralize enamel lesions, with 0.5% GA varnish having the greatest effect, particularly on the top surface layer. As such, this newly developed varnish may emerge as a promising alternative to fluoride varnish.

Pomegranate extract in polyphosphate-fluoride mouthwash reduces enamel demineralization

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the anti-demineralizing effect of a mouthwash comprising pomegranate peel extract (PPE 3%), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP 0.3%), and fluoride (F 225 ppm) in an in situ study, and to assess its irritation potential in an ex vivo study.

METHODS

This double-blind crossover study was conducted in four phases with 7 days each. Twelve volunteers used palatal appliances containing enamel blocks, which were subjected to cariogenic challenges. The ETF formulation (PPE + TMP + F, pH 7.0), TF formulation (TMP + F, pH 7.0), deionized water (W, pH 7.0), and essential oil commercial mouthwash (CM, 220 ppm F, pH 4.3) were dropped onto the enamel twice daily. The percentage of surface hardness loss, integrated loss of subsurface hardness, calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride in enamel and biofilms were determined. In addition, alkali-soluble extracellular polysaccharide concentrations were analyzed in the biofilms. The irritation potential was evaluated using the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test through the vascular effect produced during 300-s of exposure.

RESULTS

ETF was the most efficacious in preventing demineralization. It also showed the highest concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the enamel and in the biofilm, as well as the lowest amount of extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilm. In the eggs, ETF produced light reddening, whereas CM led to hyperemia and hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS

The addition of PPE to formulations containing TMP and F increased its anti-demineralizing property, and this formulation presented a lower irritation potential than the CM.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

ETF can be a promising alternative alcohol-free mouthwash in patients at high risk of caries.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Property of Amla on Bond Strength and Color Stability of Power Bleached Teeth: An In vitro Study

INTRODUCTION

Objective: To assess the antioxidant property of 10% amla extract in reversing the compromised bond strength and to assess the antioxidant property of 10% amla extract and Elsenz on the color stability of power bleached teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ninty extracted single-rooted maxillary anterior were collected and divided as follows: The labial surfaces of 30 samples were subjected to power bleaching after which the samples were divided into three groups- Group I (control), Group II (antioxidant amla), and Group III (Elsenz) with n = 10 in each which were then stained with a coffee solution for 10 mins. The color difference was recorded with a colorimeter at baseline, after bleaching, after 7, and after 15 days of staining. sixty specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) as following: Group I (immediate bonding); Group II (bleaching + immediate bonding); Group III (bleaching + antioxidant and immediate bonding); Group IV (bleaching + 1 week storage + antioxidant + bonding); Group V (bleaching + 2 week storage + antioxidant + bonding); Group VI (bleaching + 2 week storage + bonding). All the specimens were tested for shear bond strength in universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test.

RESULTS

Significantly higher staining was observed in Group II (amla) and least with Elsenz pasteThe highest mean shear bond strength was found in Group I followed by Group V.

CONCLUSION

Elsenz showed the least staining followed by artificial saliva. 10% Amla extract neither was effective in preventing staining of power bleached enamel nor in restoring the poor bond strength of power bleached enamel.

Use of water and ethanol extracts from wine grape seed pomace to prepare an antioxidant toothpaste

BACKGROUND

Extracts of fresh wine grape seeds/skin or of grape pomace seeds were used to prepare antioxidant natural toothpastes.

RESULTS

Ethanol extracted twice more polyphenols than water; ultrasound did not provide any improvement in the extraction. The addition of freeze-dried ethanol extracts of seeds or skin, at 2% and 10%, to the commercial toothpaste significantly increased the polyphenol content, both from white grape seeds and skin and from red grape seed pomace. The evaluation of time stability (shelf life) revealed a decrease, after 4 months, of 3.9% and 9.4% in total polyphenol content, in 5% and 10% water extracts, but not for ethanol extracts. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazil¹ antiradical activity was the highest in 10% of seed water extract toothpaste and, after 4 months, the activity was stable.

CONCLUSION

Ethanol and water are efficient and safe solvents to create natural toothpaste with grape or pomace seed extract with antioxidant activity. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

In Vitro Re-Hardening of Bleached Enamel Using Mineralizing Pastes: Toward Preventing Bacterial Colonization

The search for materials able to remineralize human hard tissues is a modern medical challenge. In this study, the protective effect on the enamel microhardness by a paste based on hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride (Remin Pro) was evaluated after two different enamel bleaching procedures. Forty sound human incisors were randomly assigned to different treatments: bleaching with an in-office agent (Perfect Bleach Office+); bleaching with an at-home agent (Perfect Bleach); bleaching with the in-office agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; bleaching with the at-home agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; no treatment (control). Bleaching was performed at 0, 8, 24 and 32 h, followed by a 3-min re-mineralizing treatment in the subgroups designed to receive it. Specimens underwent a micro-hardness tester and a mean Vickers Hardness number was considered for each specimen. ANOVA exhibited significant differences among groups. Post-hoc Tukey testing showed significant micro-hardness decrease after the application of both the two bleaching agents. The treatment with prophylaxis paste significantly increased the micro-hardness values of bleached enamel.