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Enioutina EY, Keddington RJ, Hauck KG, Chavez A, Clifford JJ, Cao TA, Smith B, Job KM, Balch A. Results of a Pilot Trial Assessing the Effects of Proper Oral Hygiene and a Probiotic Dietary Supplement on Oral Health in Volunteers with Oral Malodor. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1821. [PMID: 39338495 PMCID: PMC11434578 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent malodor affects many people worldwide and is usually associated with poor dental hygiene. This pilot trial aimed to determine whether proper dental hygiene (DH) and a probiotic dietary supplement support oral health in volunteers with persistent malodor. Volunteers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to the probiotic or placebo cohort. The probiotic cohort (n = 20) brushed and flossed their teeth twice daily and used probiotics for 30 days; the placebo cohort (n = 15) followed the same hygiene practices and used the placebo. The intervention phase was followed by a 30-day follow-up period. Measured outcomes were malodor and tongue-coating scores, probiotic DNA levels, salivary cytokines, and salivary pH. DH and probiotics significantly decreased malodor (~50% during intervention) and tongue coating scores (~45% during intervention). These changes remained through the course of the trial. The probiotic DNA levels increased in the probiotic cohort and dropped in the placebo cohort after the intervention started. The malodor moderately correlated with the tongue coating P. acidilactici level. The addition of probiotics increased IL-10 levels during the intervention and decreased IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 by the end of the study. People with malodor may benefit from using DH and probiotics. Additional trials are needed to definitively establish the benefits of probiotic dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y Enioutina
- The Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | | | - Kurtis G Hauck
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Amarina Chavez
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Clifford
- The Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Thy April Cao
- The Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bryce Smith
- The Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kathleen M Job
- The Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Alfred Balch
- Family and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Wang J, Liu Y, Wang W, Ma J, Zhang M, Lu X, Liu J, Kou Y. The rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus in the management of periodontitis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (SEOUL, KOREA) 2022; 60:355-363. [PMID: 35344188 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis refers to a wide range of the inflammatory conditions of supporting dental structures. For some patients with periodontitis, antibacterial agents are needed as an adjuvant to mechanical debridement treatments and oral hygiene maintenance. However, the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal infections results in the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, probiotics have become markedly interesting to researchers as a potentially safe alternative to periodontal treatment and maintenance. Probiotics have been used in medicine for decades and extensively applied to the treatment of inflammatory diseases through the modulation of microbial synergy and other mechanisms. A growing amount of evidence has shown that using Lactobacillus strains for oral cavity maintenance could improve periodontal health. In this study, we reviewed studies showing proof of the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus species on periodontal inflammation. We also explored the rationale and potential for using Lactobacillus species in the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Weiru Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China. .,Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China.
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