Tumors of the salivary gland in Mexicans. A retrospective study of 360 cases

Epidemiological Profile of Salivary Gland Tumors in Southern Iranian Population: A Retrospective Study of 405 Cases

Aims

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a rare and diverse group of tumors that account for 3 to 10% of all head and neck malignancies. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of SGTs in the south of Iran and compare the findings with previous reports from Iran and other parts of the world.

Methods

Using a retrospective study, 405 patients diagnosed with SGTs were observed over an eight-year period between April 2013 and October 2021 in Shiraz, Iran. Patients' demographic and clinicopathological features were obtained from patients' records. Quantitative and descriptive data analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results

There were 302 benign (74.5%) and 103 (25.4%) malignant SGTs. Pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumors were the most common benign SGTs (70.5% and 21.5%, respectively). The most common malignant SGTs were mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (26.2% and 22.3%, respectively). There was a statistically significant association between tumor origin and its malignancy status (p < 0.001). In addition, the results indicated that benign tumors were most commonly detected in the parotid gland (p < 0.05). The benign tumors were more frequently observed among the younger population (p = 0.006).

Conclusion

In summary, the findings of the current study were mainly consistent with the previous reports from Iran and the rest of the world. Benign tumors were the most prevalent type of SGTs, and the parotid gland was the most common site. While the majority of cases that developed from the major salivary glands were benign, all the minor SGTs were malignant. Older patients were more likely to develop malignant tumors compared to younger ones. This study provides insights into the prevalence, age-related incidence, gender distribution, and geographic variation of salivary gland tumors. This can be instrumental to develop a guideline for screening, diagnosis, and determining an optimal treatment.

Papillary cystadenoma of the major salivary gland: A case report and review of literature

Papillary cystadenoma (PC) of the salivary gland is an uncommon benign epithelial neoplasm that shows predominantly multicystic growth pattern with intraluminal papillary proliferation and areas of oncocytic differentiation. We report a case of papillary cystadenoma of the parotid gland in a 44-years-old female. The patient presented with painful nodular swelling in the right parotid region for two months. Ultrasonography revealed a well marginated oval lesion with altered signal intensity involving the superficial lobe. The excision specimen showed a neoplasm with multicystic spaces having papillary projections lined by benign low-grade epithelium and supported by fibrovascular cores. No significant cytological atypia or mitosis was observed. The cells were immunoreactive for Keratin, Keratin 7, and were negative for Keratin 20, AR, HeR2/neu, TTF1, CDX2, and GATA3. p63 and Keratin 5/6 highlighted the myoepithelial cell layer lining the cystic spaces as well as the papillary projections. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 6%. The patient is on close clinical and imaging follow-up for the last 1year and 8 months without any evidence of disease recurrence or metastasis. Rarity of the lesion and distinct histomorphology warrants appropriate knowledge and discussion of the subject.

A retrospective study of nonneoplastic and neoplastic disorders of the salivary glands

The spectrum of major and minor salivary gland disorders varies widely. Epidemiological data on some injury categories are rare and often not up-to-date. This study aims to analyze epidemiological data using clinical, paraclinical, and histopathological parameters. Study was carried out for 5 years on the nonneoplastic and tumoral pathology of the salivary glands. Data were statistically analyzed using the appropriate parameters. Data analysis according to the biological behavior of the lesions revealed great heterogeneity. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the type of injury, age (P = .002) and gender (0.033). The environment of origin of the patients as well as the comorbidities reflected in most cases the nature of the process. Associations were also observed between the biological behavior of the lesions and the hemicranial topography (P = .019), the type of salivary gland (P = .024), and the surgical technique used (P < .001). Most cases were identified in the major salivary glands, often in the parotid. The most common diseases are represented by nonspecific chronic sialadenitis (nonneoplastic lesion), pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor (benign tumors), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (malignant tumor), and squamous carcinoma (secondary tumor). They presented axial diameters between 2 to 95 mm. The most used curative technique was subtotal excision with facial nerve preservation. In conclusion, the study highlighted the main epidemiological aspects of salivary gland disorders. Some data agree with the specialty literature, and particular aspects are also observed. Therefore, this research is useful both in the medical and research fields.

TERT Promoter Mutation in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors; A Cross-Sectional Study

Background & Objective

Telomere-related tumorigenesis mechanisms in the salivary gland, including mutation in the promoter region of TERT, have been rarely investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mutation in the promoter region of TERT in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.

Methods

This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. Tissue samples of 54 patients with primary salivary gland tumors sent to the pathology department of Rasool-e-Akram Hospital from September 2017 to September 2021 were examined. Fifteen samples including two groups of the most common benign tumors (n=5; 3 pleomorphic adenomas and 2 Warthin tumors) and four groups of the most common malignant tumors (n=10; 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 3 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 2 acinic cell carcinoma, and 2 salivary duct carcinoma) were selected. The promoter region of TERT, including well-known hot spot regions, is sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Data were analyzed using statistical software R version 4.1.2.

Results

Of 15 salivary gland tumor specimens, consisting of 5 benign tumors and 10 malignant tumors after DNA sequencing, TERT promoter region mutation was only seen in one of the adenoid cystic carcinoma samples, located at -146 bp upstream from ATG (chr5: 1,295,250 C>T).

Conclusion

TERT promoter mutation was not different in malignant and benign salivary tumors. Nonetheless, there are a few studies that report TERT promoter mutation in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland, necessitating the need for further investigations.

Salivary gland tumors: A 13-year clinicopathologic retrospective study in a Brazilian northeast population

Background

The present study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) in a Brazillian northeast population.

Material and Methods

A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed (1995-2009). All cases of SGTs diagnosed in a private surgical pathology service in Brazil were reviewed, and clinicopathological data were collected.

Results

A total of 23.258 histopathological records of biopsies were analyzed, and 174 cases were diagnosed as SGTs (0.7%). Of these, 117 (67.2%) were classified as benign, and 57 (32.8%) were malignant. The series comprised 89 females (51.1%) and 85 males (48.9%), with a mean age of 50.2 years (range: 3-96 years) and a roughly equal female-to-male ratio (1:1). Most tumors occurred in the parotid gland (n = 82, 47.1%), followed by the palate (n = 45, 25.9%), submandibular gland (n = 15, 8.6%). Pleomorphic adenoma (n = 83; 70.9%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 19, 33.3%) were the most frequent benign and malignant tumors, respectively. After reevaluation of morphology and immunohistochemical analysis, seven tumors (4.0%) were reclassified following the current WHO Classification of the Head and Neck Tumors.

Conclusions

The general features of SGT from the studied Brazilian population were similar to previously published reports in other countries. However, SGTs do not show any sex predilection. Although careful morphological analysis is the key to the correct diagnosis of these tumors, immunohistochemical analysis is essential to establish an accurate diagnosis in the face of challenging cases. Key words:Salivary gland tumors, epidemiology, head and neck pathology.

Assessment of angiogenesis using endoglin in salivary gland tumors - An immunohistochemical study

Background

Endoglin, a co-receptor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2, is indispensable for endothelial cell proliferation and modulation of tumor promotion activities of TGF-β1. The assessment of neovascularization using endoglin expression has been considered a potential predictor of prognosis in various solid malignancies.

Aims and Objectives

To analyze the expression of endoglin by immunohistochemistry in both benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.

Materials and Methods

Fifteen cases of benign salivary gland tumors and seventeen cases of malignant salivary gland tumors were included in the study, and immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-CD105 antibody using standard protocol.

Results and Conclusion

The study demonstrated that there is increased endoglin expression in malignant tumors as compared to their benign counterparts which is suggestive of increased angiogenic activity in tumor areas and could be responsible for the aggressive behavior of the malignancies. The highest density of endoglin-positive blood vessels was observed in the inflammatory tumor stromal areas. Furthermore, a significant increase in endoglin expression was evident as the grade of malignant salivary gland tumor increased. The results of the study indicate that the increased expression of endoglin in high-grade malignancies contributes to their aggressive nature.

The Clinical Characteristics and CT Findings of Parotid and Submandibular Gland Tumours

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and CT findings of parotid and submandibular gland tumours. Materials and methods. From May 2017 to April 2020, all patients with clinically proven parotid and submandibular gland enlargement and palpable masses underwent CT examinations. All patients were confirmed by pathology after surgery. The clinical characteristics and CT features were observed and evaluated. The mean density values before and after enhancement were measured and analyzed. The chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Student's t-test were used.

Results

Ninety-four patients with a total of 94 unilateral tumours in the parotid and submandibular glands were enrolled, including 38 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), 27 Warthin's tumours (WTs), and 29 malignant tumours (MTs). The majority of the PAs (28/38) and MTs (23/29) were located in the parotid gland; the others were located in the submandibular gland. All the WTs were in the parotid gland. The most common benign tumours of the parotid gland were PAs (28/38, 73.7%) and WTs (27/27, 100%), and the most common MTs were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (4/29, 13.8%). The most common benign and malignant tumours in the submandibular gland were PAs (10/38, 26.3%) and ductal adenocarcinomas (3/4, 75%). The majority of PA patients (28/38) were female, compared with WT (2/27) (P < 0.001) and malignant tumour patients (10/29) (P < 0.01). A significant difference was also found between WTs and MTs in female patients (P < 0.05). The mean age of PA patients was 43.4 ± 12.1 years, which was lower than that of WTs (62.1 ± 11.7) and MTs (58 ± 14.18) (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P=0.244, respectively). On CT imaging, the mean diameter of the PAs and WTs was significantly smaller than that of the MTs (P=0.001 and P < 0.001), and no difference was observed between the PAs and WTs (P=0.275). In the parotid gland, the superficial lobe was more frequently involved than the deep lobe (PAs, 22 : 6; WTs, 17 : 10; and MTs, 15 : 8). The majority of PAs and WTs demonstrated round shapes (25/38, 19/27) and were well defined (30/38, 24/27); by contrast, most MTs were lobulated, irregular shapes (24/29), and ill defined (25/29). On plain CT, the PAs were usually homogeneous, while MTs were frequently heterogeneous, with more necrosis, larger cystic areas, and more haemorrhage or calcification. The mean CT values of PAs, WTs, and MTs were 39.2 ± 3.9 HU, 39.1 ± 3.0 HU, and 37.6 ± 3.1 HU (P > 0.05), respectively. On contrast CT, the WTs were significantly enhanced compared with MTs and PAs, with mean CT values of 53.5 ± 4.0 HU, 84.4 ± 6.0 HU, and 65.2 ± 3.8 HU, respectively (all P < 0.001). The mean CT value changes for PAs, WTs, and MTs (∆) were 14.4 ± 3.0 HU, 45.3 ± 4.5 HU, and 27.7 ± 2.5 HU, respectively. Significant differences were observed between ∆_PAs and ∆_WTs, ∆_PAs and ∆_MTs, and ∆_WTs and ∆_MTs (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Parotid and submandibular gland tumours have some typical clinical characteristics and CT findings, and plain and early contrast-phase CT combined with clinical parameters may be helpful for diagnosis.

Incidence and profile of benign epithelial tumors of salivary glands from a single center in Northeast of Brazil

Background

Benign tumors of the salivary glands are a group of lesions with varied histopathological and clinical spectrum. The aim was to determine the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of benign salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 in a single center located in northeastern Brazil.

Material and Methods

Records regarding sex, age, anatomical location, histopathological subtype and treatment were retrieved, and data were analyzed using the Stata/IC software (version 12.0).

Results

There were above 7,100 cases of neoplasms in the head and neck region, of which 403 corresponded to salivary gland neoplasms. Of these, 238 (59%) were benign, being pleomorphic adenoma (PA) the most frequent neoplasm (n=178; 74.8%), followed by Warthin's tumor (WT) (n=23; 9.7%). Overall, most cases occurred in females (n=136; 57.1%) and age ranged from 11 to 83 years. The parotid gland (n=188; 79%) was the most common anatomical site, and all patients were treated by surgical excision. Of the cases diagnosed as PA, malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CAEXPA) occurred in 7 (3.9%) cases.

Conclusions

The present study confirmed the clinical and demographic profile of benign salivary gland neoplasms, which contributes to the continuous knowledge of current data about these lesions.

Key words:Salivary gland, benign neoplasms, epidemiology.

Salivary Gland Tumors: A Retrospective Study of 164 Cases from a Single Private Practice Service in Mexico and Literature Review

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) represent an uncommon heterogeneous group of tumors with complex clinical and pathological characteristics. The prevalence of these lesions varies between studies but has been estimated between 3 and 6% of all tumors in the head and neck region. The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution and demographic findings of salivary gland tumors diagnosed in an oral pathology service in Mexico. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 164 cases of SGT from a private oral pathology service were diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 in Mexico City. All cases were reviewed histologically, and demographic data and histopathological diagnoses were collected. A total of 110 (67.1%) tumors were benign, and 54 (32.9%) were malignant. The majority of patients were female (n = 100, 61.0%) with an overall female:male ratio of 1.6:1. The minor salivary glands were affected more than the major salivary glands (68.9% vs. 25.6%). The palate (n = 67, 40.9%) was the most commonly affected site, followed by the parotid gland (n = 37, 22.6%), lips (n = 16, 9.8%), and buccal mucosa (n = 14, 8.5%). Pleomorphic adenoma (n = 88; 80.0%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 16, 29.6%) were the most frequent benign and malignant tumors, respectively. The general features of SGT from the studied Mexican population shared some similarities and differences compared to previously reported series from various parts of the world.

A retrospective study of 30 basal cell adenomas of the salivary gland in a Brazilian population and literature review

PURPOSE

The present study aimed to provide the clinicopathological data of Brazilian patients with basal cell adenoma (BCA).

METHODS

Records of BCA cases were retrospectively gathered from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute database between 1996 and 2006. All cases were histopathologically reviewed, and the clinicopathological data were collected from the patients' medical files. In addition, an English literature review about this tumor is also presented.

RESULTS

Of 1127 salivary gland tumors identified, 30 were BCAs (2.7%). Women were more affected than men (70.0% vs. 30.0%), and the majority (60.0%) were elderly (> 65 years old). The parotid gland was the most frequent location affected (93.3%), followed by the upper lip (3.3%) and submandibular gland (3.3%). Fine-needle aspiration was the main procedure applied to establish a preoperative diagnosis of tumor; however, the results were not always consistent. Histopathologically, the trabecular pattern was the most common type seen (50.0%) among our BCA samples. Most patients underwent superficial or partial parotidectomy. Frey's syndrome was reported only in one case during the follow-up. No recurrence was noted in the present series. The literature review revealed a total of 213 reported cases of BCA in the period investigated.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first case series of BCA reported in Brazil. As occurred in other previously reported series, the clinicopathological data of BCAs are similar and confirm that this type of tumor is rare, develops predominantly in the parotid gland, frequently affects older women, has an indolent behavior, and the affected patients have an excellent prognosis.

Epidemiologic analysis of salivary gland tumors over a 10-years period diagnosed in a northeast Brazilian population

BACKGROUND

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) correspond to a heterogeneous group of lesions with variable biological behavior. The present study aimed to determine the distribution and demographic findings of salivary gland neoplasms in a northeast Brazilian population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 588 cases of SGT were diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 of 4 pathology services in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. All cases were reviewed, and data such as sex, age, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected.

RESULTS

A total of 470 (79.9%) tumors were benign and 118 (20.1%) were malignant. The majority of the patients were females (n=328, 55.8%) with an overall female:male ratio of 1.2:1. The major salivary glands were affected more than the minor glands (69.5% vs. 30.5%). Pleomorphic adenoma (n=419, 71.3%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n=29, 4.9%) were the most frequent benign and malignant tumors, respectively. In addition, both benign and malignant tumors occurred more frequently in the parotid gland (n=300, 51%, p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The epidemiologic profile and clinical characteristics of SGT were similar to those described in other countries and other regions of Brazil. Epidemiological studies of SGT help to understand their clinical and pathological features and are essential to establish the proper management and prognosis.

Retrospective study of 124 cases of salivary gland tumors and literature review

Background

Salivary gland tumors are a rare and morphologically diverse group of lesions and their frequency is still unknown in several parts of the world. The knowledge of its population characteristics contributes to a better understanding of its etiopathogenesis. Objectives: This study investigated the frequency of salivary gland tumors in a region of southern Brazil and compared these data in a literature review.

Material and Methods

A retrospective study was conducted of salivary gland tumors diagnosed at two pathology centers from 1995 to 2016. Patient age and gender, tumor site and frequency, histopathological diagnosis, and symptomatology were evaluated. Chi-squared tests were used to assess the associations between variables. To compare our data, we also conducted a literature review of publications in the PubMed and LILACS databases of retrospective studies of salivary gland tumors.

Results

A total of 124 salivary gland tumor cases was identified, 81 (65.3%) of which were classified as benign and 43 (34.6%) as malignant. Most tumors occurred in the parotid gland (57.2%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common tumor (59.6%), followed by adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (8.8%). The tumors occurred more often in women (54.8%) than in men (45.2%). Malignant tumors were associated with pain in 31.4% of cases (p<0.05). The literature review included 35 articles from different countries. Women were most affected, with a mean age of 41.7 years. The most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma (48.2%) and the most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (8.7%).

Conclusions

The results of the present study showed that salivary gland tumors are rare. The parotid gland is the most common location and pleomorphic adenoma are the most frequent lesions. The malignant tumors presented as several histological types and the incidence was variable globally. Key words:Salivary gland neoplasms, salivary gland diseases, oral surgery, epidemiology.

Current aspects of salivary gland tumors - a systematic review of the literature

Objectives: This study provides an up-to-date overview of the distribution of salivary gland tumors in relation to sex, land of treatment, localization of the tumor in the mouths, and benign/malignant disease of this type of tumor. We hypothesized that the distribution of patients with salivary gland tumors could vary according to country, gender, age and tumor specificity. In addition there is a comparison of the primary classification of salivary gland tumors from 1981 and the recent classification from 2005.

Materialsand methods: Data from the Medline database PubMed.gov and supplementary sources were used to conduct a systematic literature search. For this purpose, data from different studies were independently collected using a previously designed questionnaire.

Results: The first section analyzes the general features of the relevant salivary gland tumors from 141 studies involving a total of 25,826 patients across 30 different countries in terms of gender and the occurrence of benign/malignant salivary gland tumors. These data were summarized and presented.

Conclusion: This review offers an insight into the dramatic local differences with regard to salivary gland tumor occurrence as a stepping stone to further classify such data in order to derive effective therapy options, prognosis and widen the general understanding of the subject.

Papillary cystadenoma of the parotid gland: A case report

BACKGROUND

Papillary cystadenoma is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the salivary gland, which is characterized by papillary structures and oncocytic cells with rich eosinophilic cytoplasm. We found only one case of papillary cystadenoma in nearly 700 cases of salivary gland tumors. Our case was initially mistaken for a tumor of the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule rather than of parotid gland origin. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) should be carefully studied, which allows for appropriate preoperative counseling and operative planning.

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we report an unusual case of a 54-year-old woman with a parotid gland papillary cystadenoma (PGPC) that was misdiagnosed as a tumor of the right TMJ capsule. She was initially admitted to our hospital due to a mass anterior to her right ear inadvertently found 5 d ago. Preoperative CT and MRI revealed a well circumscribed tumor that was attached to the right TMJ capsule. The patient underwent a resection through an incision for TMJ, but evaluation of an intraoperative frozen section revealed a benign tumor of the parotid gland. Then we removed part of the parotid gland above the temporal facial trunk. The facial nerve was preserved. Postoperative histopathological findings revealed that the tumor was PGPC. No additional treatment was performed. There was no recurrence during a 20-mo follow-up period.

CONCLUSION

The integrity of the interstitial space around the condyle in MRI or CT should be carefully evaluated for parotid gland or TMJ tumors.

Short telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes in head and neck cancer: Findings in a Brazilian cohort

BACKGROUND

Telomeres are specialized DNA structures that are critical to maintain cell homeostasis and to avoid genomic instability. Epidemiological studies have examined the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and risk of cancers, but the findings remain conflicting.

METHODS

Mean LTL was measured by quantitative PCR in 97 patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and 262 healthy controls. The association between LTL and patients' clinical status, such as smoke, alcoholism, and overall survival, were also evaluated.

RESULTS

The age-adjusted LTL was significantly shorter in patients with HNC in comparison to healthy controls (P = .0003). Patients with shortest LTL had an increased risk to develop HNC (P < 0.0001). No significant correlation was observed between LTL and patients' clinical features and personal habits.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data support the hypothesis that LTL is a risk factor for HNC. The use of LTL as a biomarker can help physicians to identify high-risk individuals for HNC.

Distribution of nerve fibers during the development of palatine glands in rats

BACKGROUND

Salivary gland maturation and function are modulated by the nervous system. Nevertheless, little is known about salivary gland innervation during development, particularly minor salivary glands. This study investigated the development of the innervation of the palatine glands of rat.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Frozen sections of rat palatine glands at different stages were immunohistochemically labeled for detection of the general nerve markers protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43), and the autonomic nerve markers calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY).

RESULTS

PGP 9.5 and GAP-43-immunoreactive fibers (IRF) were present in the mesenchyme and in association with developing acini, ducts and blood vessels. GAP-43-IRF were more abundant and diffuse than PGP 9.5-IRF at early stages, but showed similar distribution with growth, ramifying out from thick bundles in connective tissues until encircling the secretory units observed around postnatal day 21 (PN21). CGRP-IRF were detected in the mesenchyme at embryonic day 20 (E20) and PN0. CGRP-IRF became numerous around PN7 and PN10. They then decreased to the adult level at PN21, mainly located around ducts and infrequently blood vessels. NPY-IRF were sparsely detected in the mesenchyme at E20, then detected in close proximity to acini in addition to blood vessels at PN3. NPY-IRF increased till reaching the adult stage, and were mainly associated with blood vessels and around mucous cells and some serous demilunes.

CONCLUSION

The findings indicated a developmental modification of the sensory and autonomic innervation which may play a role in the functional maturation of the palatine salivary glands.

Retrospective study of 149 cases of salivary gland carcinoma in a Spanish hospital population

Background

The clinical and histological characteristics of salivary gland tumors vary widely, complicating their diagnosis and management, and major differences have been recorded in the distribution of histopathological diagnoses among different countries.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study reviewed the demographic (age, sex) and clinicopathological (pathology diagnosis and localization) characteristics of cases diagnosed with primary SGC between June 1992 and May 2014 in the Pathology Department of the 12 de Octubre Hospital of Madrid. Diagnoses were recorded according to the 2005 WHO classification.

Results

The study included 149 SCG patients, aged between 11 and 94 yrs, with mean age at onset of 55.56 yrs and peak incidence in the eighth decade of life. The male:female ratio was 1.01. The parotid gland was the most frequently involved (75.2%). The most frequent carcinoma was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (24.2%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (15.4%).

Conclusions

The demographic and histopathological characteristics of patients with salivary gland carcinomas in Spain, reported here for the first time, are broadly similar to those found in other countries.

Key words:Salivary gland carcinomas, descriptive, salivary glands, salivary gland tumors, head and neck cancer, oral cancer, Spain.

Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Salivary Gland Tumors: A Retrospective Study from 2006 to 2011

Objective:

This article concerns evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAB for pre-surgical diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of major and minor salivary glands of patients treated in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Erasto Gartner Hospital.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed medical records from January 2006 to December 2011 from patients with salivary gland lesions who underwent preoperative FNAB and, after surgical excision of the lesion, histopathological examination.

Results:

The study had a cohort of 130 cases, but 34 cases (26.2%) were considered unsatisfactory regarding cytology analyses. Based on the data, sensitivity was 66.7% (6/9), specificity was 81.6% (71/87), accuracy was 80.2% (77/96), the positive predictive value was 66,7% (6/9) and the negative predictive value was 81.6% (71/87).

Conclusion:

Despite the high rate of inadequate samples obtained in the FNAB in this study the technique offers high specificity, accuracy and acceptable sensitivity.

Clinicopathological analysis of salivary gland tumors over a 15-year period

Salivary gland tumors (SGT) are rare neoplasms that generate interest due to their histopathological diversity and clinical behavior. The aims of the present study were to investigate clinicopathological aspects of SGTs diagnosed at a tertiary health center and compare the findings with epidemiological data from different geographic locations. Cases of tumor in the head and neck region at a single health center in the period between 1995 and 2010 were reviewed. Patient gender, age and ethnic group as well as anatomic location, histological type and clinical behavior of the tumor were recorded. Availability of complete information about these aspects was considered the inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed using the frequencies of categorical variables. Among the 2168 cases of tumors in the head and neck region, 243 (11.20%) cases were diagnosed in the salivary glands, 109 of which met the inclusion criteria: 85 (78%) benign tumors and 24 (22%) malignant tumors. Mean patient age was 46.47 years. The female gender accounted for 56 cases (51.4%) and the male gender accounted for 53 (48.3%). The major salivary glands were affected more (75.2%) than the minor glands. The most frequent benign and malignant SGTs were pleomorphic adenoma (81.2%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (58.3%), respectively. In conclusion, pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the most frequent benign and malignant lesions, respectively. Comparing the present data with previous studies on SGTs, one may infer that some demographic characteristics and the predominance of malignant tumors vary in different geographic regions.

Rehabilitation of an Advanced Case of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a cancer of the salivary gland that primarily affects the parotid, submandibular, and accessory salivary glands. Its growth is slow and it has infiltrative nature. A 46-year-old female patient coming from the rural area presented a lesion on the palate and reported pain in the region for three years. After incisional biopsy, and histopathological diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cribriform type of minor salivary gland, superior hemimaxillectomy and adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation were performed.

A review of 413 salivary gland tumours in the head and neck region

Objectives: Salivary gland tumours (SGTs) are a group of heterogeneous lesions with complex clinico-pathological characteristics and distinct biological behaviours. Previous studies have reported geographic variations in site distribution, incidence and histological types of SGTs. The aim of this study was to describe the demography of SGTs seen at a tertiary health centre and compare findings with previous studies. Study design: Data on SGTs from archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital Ibadan were retrieved. Information about histological types, age, sex and location were analyzed using SPSS for Window (version 20.0; SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL). Reactive and tumor-like lesions such as sialometaplasia, benign lymphoepithelial lesion, lymphoepithelial cyst, mucocele, mucous extravasation phenomenon, ranula, and sialosis were excluded from the study. Results: 413 SGTs consisting of 221 (53.5%) malignant and 192 (46.5%) benign lesions were seen. SGTs occurred more in females (50.6%) than males (49.4%) with a mean age of 43.7 (±16.9) years and peak age in the fifth decade of life. The parotid with 171 (41.4%) cases was the commonest site, followed by palate with 89 (21.5%) cases, while only 7(1.7%) cases were seen in sublingual gland. Pleomorphic adenoma with 169 (40.9%) was the most frequent SGT followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma with 93 (22.5%) cases which also was the most frequent malignant SGT while only 3 (0.7%) cases of Warthin’s tumour were seen. Conclusion: This report is one of few that showed a higher occurrence of malignant SGTs compared to their benign counterparts. The findings were essentially similar to findings in Africa but showed SGTs to be more common in females. The reason(s) for high occurrence of malignant SGTs in minor salivary glands and the rarity of Warthins tumour in this study and other African series compared to those from America needs further investigation.

Key words:Salivary gland tumours, parotid gland, pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, warthin’s tumour.

Salivary gland tumors in Turkey: demographic features and histopathological distribution of 510 patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinicopathologic data of salivary gland tumors managed at a tertiary referral medical center in Turkey. The data of 510 patients with salivary gland tumors managed during the period of January 1984 to May 2012, were reviewed. Only primary neoplasms derived from salivary glands were included. Out of 510 neoplasms, 352 (69.0 %) were classified as benign and 158 (31.0 %) were classified as malignant. There was a male predominance and male:female ratio was 1.23 (281/229). The most common location was parotid gland (372/510, 72.9 %) followed by minor salivary glands (97/510, 19.0 %) and submandibular gland (40/510, 7.9 %). The malignancy rates were 21.5, 40.0, and 56.7 % in parotid, submandibular, and minor salivary glands locations, respectively. The most common location for minor salivary gland neoplasms was oral cavity (61/97, 62.9 %). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most common histopathological type (45.3 %) in the whole study group and also among pediatric patients. The most common malignant neoplasms were adenoid cystic carcinoma (39/510, 7.6 %) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (5.7 %). Salivary gland tumors are more common in men. The malignancy rate is almost three times higher in neoplasms derived from minor glands when compared to parotid gland. PA is the most common histopathological tumor type in all locations and in all age groups.